Smoking can cause various brain diseases, reduce oxygen and blood circulation in the brain, lead to cerebral vascular bleeding and occlusion, and lead to paralysis, mental decline and stroke. The cause of stroke is that smoking leads to cerebral vasospasm, which makes blood coagulation easier. Smokers are twice as likely to have a stroke as nonsmokers.
laryngeal
Smoking can cause laryngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer patients are mostly male.
Heart and blood vessels
Studies have found that smoking can increase the viscosity of platelets in the blood, making it easier for blood to coagulate, thus easily forming thrombus in the coronary artery. At the same time, smoking will also increase the low-density cholesterol in the blood, making it easy for fatty substances to deposit in blood vessels and form coronary atherosclerosis. If the coronary artery hardens, its lumen will become thinner. Once the blood coagulates inside, the artery will be blocked. At this time, oxygen can not be sent to this part of the myocardium, and myocardial cells will fail and die due to lack of oxygen. This is a myocardial infarction. Local myocardial infarction can cause angina pectoris, while large-scale myocardial infarction can make people go into shock or die because of sudden cardiac arrest. This is acute myocardial infarction. Smoking will constrict blood vessels, slow down the circulation of blood and oxygen, and eventually lead to thickening of blood vessel walls, leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking will completely block the blood circulation of hands and feet, leading to amputation.
Doctors advise smokers to quit smoking immediately if they have high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, heart disease or family history of heart disease, because smoking will increase your risk of myocardial infarction by dozens of times. The death rate of heart disease caused by smoking accounts for 25% of the total. The prevalence of smokers over 50 has doubled. The prevalence rate of smokers under 50 years old increased 9 times, reaching 14 times.
lung
Smoking can cause lung cancer. 90% of the total mortality rate is caused by smoking. The prevalence rate of a person who smokes ten cigarettes a day is ten times that of a non-smoker. Damaged cells can't return to normal. The initial symptoms will not be found until the cancer cells spread to blood vessels and other organs. Up to now, lung cancer has caused the largest number of human deaths, and early detection is almost impossible. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with lung cancer is less than 5% after 3 years and almost zero after 5 years. Doctors advise smokers to have a chest X-ray every 3 to 6 months. If there are symptoms such as dry cough, bloodshot sputum, dull pain in the chest, fever, etc., you should not take it lightly. They should go to the hospital immediately for sputum exfoliated cells examination. Only in this way can the possibility of early detection of lung cancer be increased. Smoking can also cause emphysema, and toxic substances accumulated in the bronchi of the lungs will hinder the normal exhalation of the air inhaled by the human body, causing lung cells to expand or burst, resulting in difficulty breathing. The patient with severe emphysema is in great pain. In order to inhale enough oxygen, they have to stand up and gasp at high frequency. Even on the flat ground, they should walk slowly. Some more serious patients have to rely on oxygen bags to keep alive. In their life, they must concentrate all their efforts on one simple action-breathing.
Some doctors think that compared with emphysema, lung cancer should be regarded as a very kind disease, because it makes people suffer for a much shorter time.
stomach
People with gastrointestinal diseases, smoking is enough to make gastrointestinal diseases worse. People with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer will slow down the healing of ulcer and even become chronic diseases. Smoking can stimulate the nervous system, accelerate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, make the gastrointestinal tract often tense, and lead to the loss of appetite of smokers. In addition, nicotine can also contract gastrointestinal mucosal blood vessels and reduce appetite.
skeleton
The recovery period of fracture of smokers is longer than that of non-smokers. It may be that nicotine and carbon monoxide contained in cigarettes slow down the process of bone regeneration. Nicotine constricts blood vessels and reduces blood flow to new bones. The carbon monoxide inhaled during smoking also reduces the speed at which oxygen enters the body. Smoking can lead to osteitis and back pain. Smoking more than ten cigarettes a day will double the prevalence of periostitis. Most people with severe back pain are addicted to smoking, because smoking will reduce the blood flow of the articular disc and the articular disc will degenerate early. Smoking can lead to arthritis. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day will increase the prevalence rate by 50%. Female smokers are more likely to suffer from fractures and arthropathy after menopause. Smoking will lead to faster bone loss. Women smoke a pack of cigarettes every day from adolescence to menopause, and their bones are 5% to 10% less than those of non-smokers. When smokers enter menopause, the bone loss rate is faster. Smoking can interfere with estrogen, which is an important hormone in bone development.
bronchus
Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive tracheal disease. Because smoking can cause the cilia of bronchial epithelial cells to become shorter and irregular, cause dyskinesia, reduce local resistance and be susceptible to infection.
liver
Smoking will increase the burden on the liver. Regular smoking will affect the lipid metabolism of the liver, increase blood lipid, decrease benign cholesterol and increase malignant cholesterol. This has caused the burden of detoxification function of the liver to increase.
intestines
Smoking can lead to colon cancer. The risk of this kind of cancer is directly proportional to the amount of smoking. Research shows that although quitting smoking can reduce the risk of other diseases such as heart disease and lung cancer, the risk of colon cancer is still high.
ocular region
Smoking can lead to cataracts and affect vision. Research shows that there are twice as many cataract patients who smoke more than one pack a day as those who never smoke.
genital system
Smoking inhibits the nerve center of the spinal cord, making men's sexual desire weak, and because smoking can make blood vessels contract and spasm, it causes peripheral blood circulation disorder. Therefore, smoking is the main cause of impotence. Australia and Canada have printed this information directly on cigarette packets. In addition, smoking will affect sperm motility and increase abnormal sperm, and it will take three to six months to return to normal after quitting smoking. If you want a smart and healthy child, baby experts advocate that you must give up smoking for three to six months.
Secondhand smoke
Secondhand smoke is a kind of mixed smoke that is burned or exhaled by cigarettes, pipes or cigars when smokers smoke. Secondhand smoke is the most common pollutant in many smoking places. Smoke emitted during smoking can release more than 4,000 kinds of gases and particles, most of which are very strong irritants, and at least 40 of them can cause cancer in humans or animals. After smokers quit smoking, these particles can still stay in the air for several hours, can be inhaled by other non-smokers, and may be mixed with the decay products of radon gas, causing great harm to human health.
When smoking harms smokers' own health, second-hand smoke will also affect non-smokers. In addition to irritating eyes, nose and throat, it will significantly increase the risk of lung cancer and heart disease in non-smokers. If children live with some smokers, their respiratory system will be more susceptible to infection. Other symptoms include increased cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, impaired lung function and slow lung development.
Disadvantages of drinking: Excessive drinking is harmful to health. ...
In addition to the immediate impact of one-time excessive drinking (commonly known as drunkenness), repeated heavy drinking will also cause a variety of serious long-term diseases. A summary of the effects of drinking on various human organs is attached as follows.
cerebrum
A small amount of alcohol can make people feel excited, alert and focused, but the actual results show that this is not the case. Drinking a small amount of alcohol has a calming effect, while drinking more alcohol has serious harm to memory, attention, judgment, physical function and emotional response. Drinking too much can lead to slurred speech, blurred vision and loss of balance.
liver
Long-term heavy drinking will almost certainly lead to cirrhosis. The diseased liver can no longer handle nutrients from the digestive tract and drugs ingested by the human body. There are many symptoms of cirrhosis, and they are diffuse. These symptoms include edema (fluid stagnation, bloating) and stomach jaundice (yellow skin and white eyes).
skin
Alcohol is a vasodilator, which can dilate blood vessels on the body surface. In addition to making you look flushed, it will also make your body tissues radiate heat excessively, which will cause you to be cold (hypothermia) in cold weather.
heart
People who drink a lot will develop cardiomyopathy, which means that the muscle tissue of the heart becomes weak and damaged.
stomach
Drinking a lot at a time will make you feel uncomfortable with acute gastritis, and drinking a lot continuously will lead to more serious chronic gastritis.
sex organ
Alcohol can cause impotence in men. For pregnant women, even a small amount of alcohol will increase the risk of physical defects of unborn babies.
How much is drinking too much?
The question should be: how much wine is enough to drink? The influence of alcohol on the body and mind depends on its concentration in the blood. Alcohol enters the blood through the digestive system and stays in the blood until it is decomposed by the liver or excreted with urine. The decline rate of alcohol concentration in blood is quite stable. In any case, no matter how long you are affected, as long as alcohol reaches a peak in your blood, it will be excreted from your body as long as alcohol leaves those affected people slower or faster than you. However, the rising speed of alcohol concentration in blood varies from case to case. Therefore, if you want to prevent the excessive increase of alcohol content in blood, you should think of the following factors when drinking.
People with big bodies have more blood than people with small bodies. In the case of drinking the same amount, the alcohol concentration in the blood of people with large bodies rises slowly, and its total concentration is relatively low.
Eating food in the stomach while drinking will slow down the speed at which alcohol is inhaled into the blood. If you eat while drinking (or eat some food before attending a social gathering), you can temporarily slow down the speed of alcohol absorption. Of course, you also eat more calories.
Types and drinking speed of alcohol The slower you drink, the less intense the influence of alcohol. If you drink whiskey, a lot of alcohol will increase the alcohol concentration in your blood, which is much faster than drinking beer. If you take a swig of whisky, its alcohol will be quickly absorbed by your system. If you sip a glass of beer slowly, the alcohol in the beer may have dissipated by the time you finish it.
The body's tolerance for frequent drinking will make you gradually "adapt" to the situation that there is a lot of alcohol in your blood, and your brain will "get used to" soaking in alcohol all day. As a result, if you have been drinking for many years, you may be able to drink normally and behave normally, but if you let someone who drinks less than you drink your blood, he will definitely show drunkenness. The appearance is unreliable. Alcoholics may speak neatly and clearly, but their driving ability will still be impaired and their brains and bodies will continue to suffer.
The unfortunate consequence of increasing tolerance is that you must maintain the alcohol concentration in your blood. Moreover, you will gradually need more alcohol to achieve the effect of drinking. It is precisely because of this dependence that some people gradually degenerate into alcoholics (drinking addiction).
Another thing to remember is that the alcohol content in the blood is accumulated over a period of time.
Eating while drinking, eating food while drinking, and even eating snacks when attending social gatherings can slow down the speed of alcohol absorption, so that the amount of alcohol in the blood gradually increases, and its peak value is lower than that when drinking on an empty stomach.