The legal relationship of cultivated land protection refers to the social relationship with rights and obligations that arises in the development, utilization, protection and management of cultivated land resources and is confirmed by land legal norms. China attaches great importance to the legislation of cultivated land resources protection, but the system is not perfect and the corresponding policies and regulations are absent, which leads to the poor actual effect of cultivated land protection. We should clarify the legislative value of farmland resources protection, adjust the legal relationship of farmland protection, build a complete legal system, and gradually establish and improve the system of farmland development rights.
2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer and strengthen the protection of cultivated land.
The goal of cultivated land protection is to improve the fertility quality, environmental quality and health quality of cultivated land soil; It requires deep plough layer, good physical properties, coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, strong ability of fertilizer conservation and supply, strong ability of water storage and moisture conservation, strong buffering performance and no pollution. The key link of cultivated land protection is to improve the ability of soil to supply various nutrients in a balanced way and increase the capacity and intensity of material and energy cycle in soil-crop system. China is rich in organic fertilizer resources. For thousands of years, farmers in China have been relying on farmyard manure and planting leguminous crops to maintain soil fertility. In the future, the fertilizer supply in China must still be mainly organic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer should be combined with chemical fertilizer.
3. Strengthen the basic research work of soil fertilizer to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of soil fertility.
Long-term monitoring of soil fertility is an important basic field experiment in agricultural science, and its research results have laid a practical foundation for the establishment and development of modern agricultural methods, such as the classic long-term fertilizer experiment in Lausanne, England, which is praised as a treasure all over the world. China "National Long-term Monitoring Base Network of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Benefit" is a large-scale long-term fertilizer experimental group with the most complete protection and coverage.
The current problems are lack of funds, unstable teams, and many experiments have to be closed or abandoned. Strengthen the construction of soil fertility monitoring base to grasp the national and regional soil nutrients and productivity in real time; Establish a national fertilizer benefit testing network to grasp the response of main crops to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements fertilizers and the yield-increasing benefits of fertilization in real time; With the help of information, database and network technology, a nationwide soil and fertilizer information exchange and management system was established.
4. Develop new chemical fertilizers, improve fertilization techniques and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers.
High environmental risk caused by low utilization rate of conventional fertilizers has always been an important factor affecting agricultural development, and countries all over the world are actively exploring ways to improve fertilizer utilization rate. At present, new fertilizers represented by slow/controlled release fertilizers have become the focus of research and development. The main advantages of slow/controlled release fertilizer are that nutrient release is synchronized with crop absorption, and one-time fertilization can meet the needs of crops in the whole growth period, reduce fertilizer loss, improve fertilizer utilization rate and be environmentally friendly. Many experts predict that slow/controlled release fertilizers will be the important development direction of fertilizer industry in 2 1 century.