Key points of infant care 1, umbilical care
The baby's umbilical cord usually falls off after 1-7 days. Before the umbilical cord falls off, pay attention to check whether the gauze binding the umbilical cord has oozing blood. After the umbilical cord falls off, if there is blood or pus in the umbilical fossa, 75% alcohol can be used to smear the exudate and keep it dry, and then go to the hospital for treatment in time.
2, heat preservation
Because the baby's function of regulating body temperature is poor, it is easy to get pneumonia, colds and other diseases because of catching cold, so it is necessary to maintain an ideal room temperature. Generally, 20-24 degrees Celsius is appropriate. The lower the weight of premature infants, the more attention should be paid to keeping warm. You can use a hot water bottle, and if possible, you can use air conditioning equipment to keep warm.
3. Oral hygiene
The baby's oral mucosa is soft, rich in blood vessels and dry. Yellow and white spots are often seen on both sides of the maxillary midline and the gingival margin, which are caused by accumulation of epithelial cells or retention and swelling of mucous glands. This dot is called epithelial bead, also called horse tooth. Don't rub it. After light rubbing, it can cause local ulceration, and in severe cases, it can cause sepsis.
4, respiratory care
The baby's breathing is characterized by shallow and pleasant rhythm, and it is necessary to keep the baby's respiratory tract unobstructed. If there is mucus in the nasal cavity, you can gently wipe it off with sterile cotton. When catching a cold, it often causes serious nasal congestion, which affects breastfeeding. You can use 0.5% ephedrine solution one drop at a time before breastfeeding. Adult nasal drops are strictly prohibited to avoid poisoning.
5, skin care
Fetal fat can protect the skin, and it can be gradually absorbed several hours after birth. Don't wash it. Baby's skin is delicate and easy to be scratched and cause infection, especially under the neck, armpit, thigh root and buttocks. It should be cleaned every day to prevent infection.
Step 6 take a bath
The baby's metabolism is vigorous, and frequent bathing can make the skin clean and improve blood circulation. Take a bath, wash your face and neck, and then wash your whole body. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the folds behind the ear, neck, armpit, elbow and groin. Wash the vulva of the baby girl from front to back to prevent the feces around the anus from polluting the vagina and urethra. After taking a bath, dry your body with a dry towel and apply baby powder to the wrinkles on your skin.
7. Sleep
During the baby, except for breastfeeding and washing, almost all of them are in a state of sleep, and light should be avoided to directly stimulate the eyes during sleep. Sleep posture has a great relationship with the baby's health and body development. Studies have shown that babies who sleep on their backs for a long time are in the stage of shaping their figure and appearance when they grow up. Most of them have good facial features and good faces.
8. Drug therapy
Use medicine carefully. Treat the disease under the guidance of a doctor, and don't give the baby medicine casually.
Nursing points and precautions of newborn babies in the first month. 1. How does the baby sleep during the second month?
The baby's sleep quality is related to the baby's healthy growth. Mothers should help their babies develop good sleep habits in the first month after birth, which will help them grow up healthily.
1, the baby sleeps for at least 20-22 hours.
Babies who are confined to the moon are usually in a state of sleep or semi-sleep all day, and can sleep for 20-22 hours a day, but some energetic babies usually only sleep for more than ten hours. Therefore, mothers don't have to worry about how much time the baby sleeps. As long as the baby is in a good mental state and has a good appetite, there is no need to worry.
2, the baby sleeps only in underwear
The baby should sleep like an adult, wearing only underwear and taking off socks. For babies born in summer, you can prepare special summer sleeping mats and cover them with towels and blankets. For babies born in winter, it is best to prepare a sleeping bag and cover it with a small quilt; Due to the large temperature difference between day and night in spring and autumn, the temperature at night is relatively low. Besides the sleeping bag, you should add a thin quilt.
Don't draw the curtains when the baby sleeps.
The baby sleeps most of the day. In order to prevent the day and night from being reversed in the future, when the baby sleeps during the day, it is best for the mother not to close all the curtains and leave some natural light for the baby to learn to distinguish between day and night. In addition, when the baby is sleeping, the mother should not clean the bedroom, otherwise the raised dust may cause the baby's respiratory diseases.
4. Let the baby develop good sleep habits.
One-month-old baby is not adapted to the external environment, and often needs his mother to hold him to sleep. So, to keep the baby awake? Don't let go. Mom can try to lie down face to face with the baby, then pat the baby on the back and gently hum a song to help the baby fall asleep.
Second, how should newborns wear it?
Clothes are the second skin of a baby. When choosing clothes for newborn babies, mothers should give priority to the comfort and softness of fabrics. Baby's skin is tender, prevent rough cloth from being worn by baby.
5, the baby should not sweat, warm hands.
A baby can wear as many clothes as an adult about a week after birth. However, due to the large temperature difference between day and night in autumn, the heat dissipation function of newborn babies is still not perfect. When the temperature is high at noon, it is necessary to adjust the clothes for the baby in time to prevent the baby from wearing too much and causing eczema. In addition, when going out, mother can also take a cloak to keep out the wind, because in late autumn, the chill in some areas is already very heavy.
If you are not sure whether the baby has enough clothes, the mother can fondle the baby's little hand. If the baby's little hands are sweating, it proves that they are wearing too much. If the baby's hands are cold, it proves that the clothes are insufficient. Generally, baby's little hands should not sweat, so it is better to be warm.
6. Dressing focuses on protecting the baby's stomach.
The baby's stomach must not catch cold, otherwise it will easily cause diarrhea. Therefore, no matter what season you are in, your mother should be by your side to keep your stomach warm. In the cold season, the mother can add a circle of belly protection outside the baby's underwear, or add a small vest; In hot summer, you can put on a small belly pocket to protect your baby from catching cold.
7. Choose light color, pure cotton texture and conjoined models.
Baby's clothes should be light color to avoid the harm of dyes to baby's health; When choosing underwear, you should choose clothes with trademarks sewn on the outside of underwear to avoid the irritation of trademarks to your baby's skin; In addition, the fabric of the clothes is best made of pure cotton, so that the water absorption and breathability are better; In addition, jumpsuits are the best choice for babies at this stage, which can prevent the belly from being exposed and prevent the stomach from catching cold.
8. Choose baby lotion and wash it separately from adult clothes.
Baby's clothes should be washed separately from those of adults to avoid cross-infection of bacteria. And adult detergent is not suitable for cleaning baby's clothes, because adult detergent contains chemicals that irritate baby's skin. Mothers can choose a special cleaner for their babies. When choosing, they should pay attention to the ingredients contained in the cleaner, so it is appropriate to use a light fragrance without harmful chemical ingredients.
Third, how should a newborn baby care for the skin?
The baby's skin is very delicate. If the nursing method is improper, it is easy to cause skin problems and needs special care from mothers. In this regard, mothers should have better countermeasures.
9. Apply baby oil to newborns after bathing.
Many baby's skin problems, such as molting and chapping, are caused by being too dry, so the mother should do a good job of moisturizing the baby. After each bath, you can apply baby oil all over your baby to prevent skin moisture loss. In addition, if the air conditioner is turned on indoors, it is best to add a humidifier in the room to increase the humidity of the room. (What are the precautions for newborns to take a bath? Baby takes a bath to prevent accidents)
10, choose pure natural skin care products without any chemical components.
The skin care products that the mother chooses for the baby must be pure natural baby skin care products without chemical components, so as not to irritate the baby's skin. Mothers should pay attention to check whether the production license number, standard number, hygiene license number and other information of the products are complete when purchasing. Moreover, the production date and shelf life are also the key points to pay attention to, so it is better to try to buy the one produced in the same year.
1 1. Try it on a small piece of skin first.
When using a new skin care product for the baby for the first time, in order to prevent the baby from experiencing discomfort such as skin allergy, the mother can try it for a few days by herself. If there is no problem, try it in a small area on the back of the baby's hand or neck (that is, apply it to a small part of the skin). If there is no adverse reaction after a few days of trial, you can rest assured to give it to your baby.
12, pay attention to the baby's cold and warm to prevent frostbite or eczema.
Because the sweat glands and blood circulation system of the baby's skin are still in the development stage, the self-regulation ability is relatively weak, so the mother should always pay attention to the baby's cold and warm, especially in winter, and always pay attention to the temperature of the baby's small hands and back neck (preferably warm and not sweating), so as to avoid excessive cooling and increasing the chance of frostbite, or overheating and inducing eczema.
Fourth, how to hold a newborn baby?
The newborn baby's bones are particularly soft, so there are many places that mothers need to pay attention to when hugging or hugging the baby, so as not to cause harm to the baby.
13, protect the head, neck and back.
The baby's spinal dysplasia, incorrect posture will damage the baby's health. Therefore, when holding the baby, the mother must pay attention to protecting the baby's spine, so that the baby's head and neck can be placed in her arms, and the baby's back and waist can be supported by her forearm and wrist; The other hand bypasses the baby and holds the calf and ass from below. So that the baby can lie in her arms safely and comfortably.
14, choose the style of horizontal embrace for the strap or the back towel.
Choosing to use a strap or a scarf can free your mother's hands, and it is a good parenting tool without her holding it all the time. However, because the baby's bones are soft and the spine can't bear the weight, it is necessary to choose a style that can be held horizontally, and to hold the baby in front for easy observation. In addition, before using straps or scarves, be sure to read the instructions carefully and follow the steps in the instructions strictly.
15, try to avoid vertical hug.
Babies should try to avoid vertical hugs, because the weight of the baby's head is about 1/3 of the whole body, and its soft cervical vertebra is not enough to bear the load. At this time, choosing vertical hugs is easy to have adverse effects on the development of the spine. And many babies don't want to cross it after being held vertically once. At this time, the mother can let the baby face outward, lean against the chest, hold the baby's body with one hand and the ass with the other, so that the baby's head, neck and back can be relied on, which can avoid the stress on the baby's spine.
16, it won't last long.
When the baby was born, it didn't adapt to the environment very well. Hugging can play a certain soothing role, but when the baby is emotionally stable and no longer crying, the mother should pay attention to putting the baby back to bed instead of holding it all the time, otherwise it will not only make the baby easy to form? Don't let the problem go, it is easy to affect the development of bones, so the baby in the month should lie flat.
Five, the meaning of neonatal crying
Crying is the only way for babies to express their emotions and their only language. Mothers should learn to read the baby's crying, give comfort in time, and enhance the baby's sense of trust and security.
17, healthy crying: loud, rhythmic, not harsh, no tears.
For newborn babies, crying is sometimes a healthy signal, which helps to enhance their vital capacity. Mothers should learn to read this kind of crying. Usually, healthy crying is not harsh, rhythmic and loud without tears. In this case, as long as the mother gives comfort in time, such as cuddling and patting, the baby will slowly stop crying. But only the baby in the month will have this healthy crying. Baby won't tell mom this way when he grows up? I'm healthy? Yes
18, cry when you feel uncomfortable: hungry, sleepy, urinating, or sick?
In addition to healthy crying, most of the time, babies cry for a reason, some are hungry, some are sleepy, and some are peeing. If the crying is short and strong, there is a pause in the middle, and it is getting urgent, it is probably hungry; If you keep staring at your calf when you cry, you may have peed or pulled it; If there is an impatient howl in the cry, it may be a sign of being sleepy and sleepy; If the baby cries violently and refuses to eat, it is likely that he is ill and needs to see a doctor in time.
19, let the baby listen to the mother's heartbeat and meet the baby's needs in time.
In response to the baby's different crying, the mother should respond in time: feeding, changing diapers, etc. If the baby doesn't stop crying, and the mother can't judge the reason at the moment, you can pick up the baby first, let him lean on his left chest and listen to his heartbeat. For babies under 1 month, this is a very good soothing method, which can remind the environment in the baby's uterus.
20. Enhance the intimacy with your baby.
Touching helps to enhance the intimacy between mother and baby, enhance the baby's trust, and thus promote the baby to adapt to the environment more quickly. More importantly, touching the baby every day can make the mother understand the baby's body language more and more, feel the baby's hints more keenly, and understand the reasons for the baby's crying more quickly, so as to respond to the baby's needs in time and enhance the sense of security.
What are the precautions for 0- 1 year-old infants?
First, the head is afraid of shaking.
No matter the length of the baby's head, it accounts for a large proportion in the whole body, and the baby's neck is still soft and the control is weak. Therefore, the adult's shaking action can easily make the immature brain tissue of the baby swing and collide in the cranial cavity due to inertia, thus causing concussion, brain edema and even capillary rupture of the baby.
Tips: The younger the baby, the greater the harm, especially for the baby within 10 month. Parents should not shake the stroller or cradle at will. Pat or touch your baby's back and buttocks when necessary to help him fall asleep. A baby in your arms is only suitable for gentle shaking, not for hard shaking. As for the practice of holding the baby up or grabbing the baby's arm and shaking it from side to side, it should be absolutely forbidden.
Second, don't catch cold with a small belly.
The baby's stomach is particularly sensitive to temperature and is most afraid of catching cold. Once caught cold, it may enhance intestinal peristalsis, leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea. Abdominal pain and diarrhea, in turn, will seriously affect the baby's nutritional absorption and further reduce the baby's resistance, thus opening the door for the invasion of various infectious diseases.
Tips: Mom and Dad should wear clothes and pants with appropriate thickness according to the change of temperature. In autumn and winter, the temperature is getting lower and lower, so parents should use air conditioners, electric heaters and stoves as much as possible to raise the room temperature. When changing a baby's diaper or taking a bath, move as quickly as possible, and change the baby's underwear when it is warm. Even in hot summer, you can't let your baby sleep naked. Protect your baby's abdomen with a towel or Chinese-style chest covering.
Third, don't laugh when eating.
As we all know, people's pharynx is located at the junction of trachea and esophagus, and laughing when eating can easily lead to epiglottic cartilage at the junction. Dereliction of duty? , so that foreign bodies mistakenly enter the trachea, leading to cough.
If you laugh when the baby is eating, it is better to choke on the milk, and the baby will cough for a while. If you eat solid food by mistake, the food is likely to block the trachea or bronchus along the airway, causing the baby to have difficulty breathing or even suffocate, thus endangering the baby's life.
Tips: Make your baby happy, grasp the time and occasion, and never eat. In addition, it is not good for the baby to eat while watching TV, because some pictures on TV may also make the baby laugh. Let the baby concentrate on eating when eating, so as not to develop the bad habit of half-heartedness.
Fourth, toddlers should avoid wearing hard shoes.
When the baby learns to walk, he should prepare a pair of suitable shoes for him. Some parents want their children? Beautiful? , even buy shoes? Packaging? But it ignores the important point of whether shoes are suitable for babies.