Detection is a process of evaluating, measuring or confirming a certain state, property or parameter through specific methods and tools. It has important applications in various fields, including scientific research, industrial production, medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and so on. Through different detection methods and technologies, accurate and reliable data and information can be obtained, thus providing support and guidance for decision-making and problem solving.
First, the classification of detection
1. Physical detection: Physical detection mainly evaluates and confirms by measuring the physical properties and characteristics of objects. For example, instruments and equipment are used to measure physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, length and weight.
2. Chemical detection: Chemical detection obtains information by analyzing chemical components and chemical reactions in samples. For example, chemical reagents, spectrometers, etc. are used for substance composition analysis and content detection.
3. Biological detection: Biological detection is mainly used to detect biological parameters and characteristics in organisms, including human health indicators, biomarkers and microorganisms. Such as blood test, genetic testing, bacterial culture, etc.
4. Environmental detection: Environmental detection is to evaluate and monitor various factors and pollutants in the environment, including air, water and soil. Such as air pollution monitoring, water quality testing and soil pollution testing.
Second, the commonly used detection methods and technologies
1. traditional analytical methods: traditional analytical methods include gravimetric method, volumetric method, titration method, etc. The samples are analyzed and measured by laboratory equipment and chemical reagents.
2. Spectral technology: Spectral technology includes ultraviolet-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. The information of the sample is obtained by measuring the interaction between the material and electromagnetic wave.
3. Electrochemical analysis: Electrochemical analysis is the analysis and measurement of samples based on electrochemical principles, including potentiometric method, conductance method and electrolysis method.
4. Biosensing technology: Biosensing technology uses the interaction between biological system or biomolecule and the object to be detected to detect specific components or properties in the sample. Such as enzyme sensors, antibody sensors, etc.
5. Molecular recognition technology: Molecular recognition technology is based on specific interactions between molecules, such as intermolecular attraction and coordination, to realize the detection and recognition of sample molecules.