However, not every newborn is healthy after birth. Newborns are prone to many diseases at birth, and their immunity is very weak at birth, so these diseases will pose a great threat to their lives. Such as hemangioma, asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Among them, neonatal hemangioma is more common.
The young couple Xiao Zhang gave birth to a boy soon after their marriage. The birth of their son made the couple overjoyed. However, just when the child was just full moon, Xiao Zhang and his wife found a little red pimple on their son's face. At first, the couple thought it was caused by allergies and didn't care much.
But after a while, the red pimple grew bigger and bigger, and by the time my son 100, it had grown to the size of a quail egg. This completely panicked the couple and quickly took their son to the Children's Hospital. After some examination, the results showed that the child had hemangioma, and the couple became nervous when they heard the word "tumor".
The couple can't help secretly complaining: What disease is this so-called hemangioma? Is it a kind of cancer? If so, does the blood vessel have cancer? If not, will it be life-threatening?
Today, we will tell you something about hemangioma.
When the newborn is still in the embryonic stage, some vascular cells proliferate, thus forming vascular malformations or benign tumors in the baby's skin and soft tissues. The so-called benign tumor or vascular malformation is the hemangioma we are going to talk about today. In other words, hemangioma is a congenital disease.
Teenagers and adults rarely suffer from hemangioma, which often appears shortly after the birth of newborns, and some newborn patients even form hemangioma in the uterus.
Because the human body is covered with blood vessels, that is to say, where there are blood vessels, there is the possibility of hemangioma. Therefore, in theory, hemangioma can occur in any part of the human body. Studies have shown that hemangioma mainly occurs in oral and maxillofacial region.
It is necessary to explain here that oral and maxillofacial region refers to people's teeth, gums, tongue, temporomandibular joint, lips, head and face and cervical lymph nodes.
According to statistics, the incidence of hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial region is the highest, which can reach about 60%, followed by the trunk, which exceeds 20%, and the limbs are the lowest, which is only about 15%.
What is not optimistic is that hemangioma mainly occurs in the face, rarely in the interior, so the occurrence of hemangioma is easy to be found, but it is easy to affect the patient's image, thus causing certain harm to his mental health. Studies have shown that the probability of women suffering from hemangioma is generally three to four times that of men.
So how did this hemangioma come from? Why did it appear?
According to the existing research conclusions, modern medicine is still helpless about the etiology and detailed pathogenesis of hemangioma, and there is no clear research result to reveal the true face of this disease.
However, it is generally believed that one of the possible causes of hemangioma is the imbalance between angiogenesis factor and angiogenesis inhibitor, and some genes mutate, which leads to abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.
Presumably, you may ask, what are angiogenesis factors and angiogenesis inhibitors?
This angiogenic factor refers to a glycoprotein in human body, which can promote the formation of blood vessels, the growth and division of vascular endothelial cells, and even the growth of tissues. As the name implies, angiogenesis inhibitors are used to inhibit angiogenesis. The two cooperate with each other to ensure the balance of blood vessels in the human body.
The formation of hemangioma may also be closely related to the functional changes of immune cells in patients and the changes of estrogen levels in patients. ......
According to related research, among the confirmed inducing factors of hemangioma, chemicals are a very dangerous pathogenic factor. Such as fertilizers, pesticides, paints, etc. At the same time, if the patient's mother often touches leather products during pregnancy, the incidence of hemangioma will also increase greatly.
Therefore, women should avoid contact with places that are being renovated or just renovated during pregnancy to avoid adverse effects on the fetus.
The formation process of hemangioma is divided into three main stages, namely, proliferative stage, stable stage and degenerative stage. Let me introduce these three periods to you.
First, the proliferation period. After the baby is born, hemangioma grows and spreads rapidly, invading the baby's skin and deep tissues and organs. This process will last about six months to ten years, and this process is also relatively long.
Second, the stable period. After the rapid growth of hemangioma, the growth rate is getting slower and slower, but it does not stop growing. With the continuous growth of newborns, the growth rate of hemangioma is still faster than that of newborns. This process is shorter than the proliferative phase, generally only three months to six months.
Third, the degradation period. After the newborn reaches 1 year, the growth rate of hemangioma slows down again, and even "negative growth" occurs. In the degenerative stage, hemangioma becomes lighter in color and smaller in shape. After some children's tumors subside, there will be obvious traces and wrinkles on the affected skin.
Next, in the most critical part of this article, we will tell you the main treatment methods of hemangioma that have been proved by modern medicine. Let's have a look.
The first treatment, conservative treatment. As mentioned above, hemangioma can be divided into three stages of development, and the last stage is degeneration, which means that hemangioma may recover naturally. Therefore, some patients can be treated conservatively if conditions permit.
However, this kind of treatment is not optimistic. Research shows that only a small number of patients with hemangioma completely heal themselves under the premise of conservative treatment, and will leave obvious scars on the affected area, which will bring irreversible damage to the patient's image and mental health, and will bring great obstacles to the patient's social communication.
The second therapy, drug therapy. At present, the main drugs used are propranolol, β -blockers and immunomodulators.
According to clinical trial data, propranolol can treat hemangioma efficiently, quickly and safely, but its mechanism is still unclear. Beta blockers can also effectively treat neonatal hemangioma.
However, it has many adverse reactions. For example, beta blockers can lower people's blood pressure, inhibit the decomposition of fat and glycogen, hinder people's nutritional supply, and even cause hypoglycemia, which in turn leads to the development of the nervous system.
As a representative of immunomodulator, imiquimod can effectively inhibit tumor angiogenesis, thus achieving the purpose of treating hemangioma. However, the research shows that it should be used in combination with imiquimod, and the effect is the best.
The third treatment, surgical treatment. For more serious cases, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. According to the research, it is best to choose the operation opportunity in the stable period or the regression period, and the operation plan should be analyzed and judged by the attending doctor in detail to finally determine the operation plan suitable for the patient. At present, surgery is the first choice for treatment, but it is also indispensable.
The fourth method is minimally invasive injection. Some hemangiomas don't need long-term medication, and topical drugs can't penetrate effectively or children can't tolerate medication. At present, local minimally invasive injection of drugs is a common treatment method.
No matter how good the treatment is, it can't prevent the disease in time and effectively. Next, introduce some methods that can effectively prevent hemangioma for pregnant mothers.
First, a balanced diet. In English, a balanced diet is called "have a balanced diet", which shows that the importance of a balanced diet has been widely accepted around the world. You should eat on time, have a reasonable nutritional structure, mix meat and vegetables, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.
Second, keep a good attitude. Having a good attitude will make us healthier psychologically and physically. Young attitude is the most important.
Third, moderate exercise. Moderate exercise can effectively remove toxins from the body, make blood vessels healthier and effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Hemangiomas are not terrible. It is a benign tumor, and it is possible to heal itself. Patients don't have to worry too much, actively cooperate with doctors, maintain a good attitude, and re-examine regularly.
refer to
Qing Feng, Li Li, Wei Li, Xu Zigang, Ma Lin. Research progress of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019,33 (02): 226-230.
Deng Jiaxin, Chen Yue, Chen Yuan, Rebecca. Research progress in treatment of oral and maxillofacial hemangioma [J]. Prevention of oral diseases, 2019,27 (01): 50-55.
Liu Chao, Zhang Lei, Li Yan. Progress in clinical treatment of infantile hemangioma [J]. Progress of modern general surgery in China, 202 1, 24(03):203-208.