Matters needing attention in nursing and feeding premature infants. Newborns weighing less than 2500 grams are called premature infants, and their adaptability is relatively poor compared with full-term infants. Therefore, the care of premature infants is more important. The following are the precautions for the care and feeding of premature infants.
Precautions for nursing and feeding premature infants 1 1, Precautions for nursing premature infants.
(1), temperature: Premature babies are very fragile and have delicate skin, so they can't meet the daily amount by sucking milk by themselves, so they should stay indoors at 2 1-24℃, which will increase the weight of 10-30 grams every day. You can leave the hospital after 2300 grams without any symptoms.
(2) Keep warm: Keeping warm is not to wrap clothes for premature babies, but to stay indoors at a temperature of 24-28℃ and a humidity of 55%-65%. If you can't meet this requirement, you can use a warm water bag to keep warm, but you should pay more attention to safety.
(3) Bathing: If the premature baby weighs less than 2,500 grams, never take a bath, but you can wipe the wrinkles on the neck, armpits and thigh roots of premature babies with cooking oil once every 2-3 days. If the premature baby weighs more than 3 kg, it can take a bath like a normal baby.
(4) Cleanliness: Cleanliness is definitely necessary, but many parents think that premature babies are too fragile to be cleaned, or they are afraid of hurting them. In fact, it is not clear that bacteria are more likely to invade the skin of premature infants and cause infection.
2. Feeding and precautions of premature infants
(1), breast milk: For premature infants who weigh less than 2000g and are malnourished, breast milk is the best choice after discharge, so mother's very relationship diet must be healthy and balanced.
(2) Breast milk fortifier: At the same time of breast-feeding, if the ultra-low-weight premature infant is judged by the doctor to be undernourished, breast milk fortifier can be fed until 40 weeks of pregnancy according to the growth of the premature infant.
(3) Formula milk for premature infants: If you are still not satisfied with the weight of premature infants after feeding with breast milk fortifier for 40 weeks, you can suggest mixing breast milk with formula milk for premature infants according to the ratio of 1/2.
(4) Infant formula: If the premature baby weighs more than 2,000 grams and has no symptoms of malnutrition, then the infant formula that the full-term baby drinks can be supplemented with breast milk.
Precautions in nursing and feeding premature infants 2 1. Keep warm.
The bedroom of premature babies should be ventilated regularly. When changing diapers, they should act quickly to avoid catching cold. In the second month, you can't bathe your baby. Wash away wrinkles with a warm towel every day.
2. Feed carefully
For a period of time after the birth of premature babies, the growth rate of height and weight is very fast, so the supply of nutrition must be timely, and the amount of milk can be determined according to the baby's own needs. Urinating 6 to 8 times a day means that the baby is full. Generally, after one month, the baby will look redder and more tender.
Step 3 keep it secret
Premature babies have a poor sense of security, so they must speak softly and loudly when entering the room, so as not to scare the young baby with harsh voices.
4. contact more.
Touching can promote the sensory development of premature infants, promote the baby's growth and sound intellectual development, which will be more important for premature infants.
Precautions for Nursing and Feeding of Premature Infants 3 (1) is suitable for premature infants of gestational age and premature infants younger than gestational age and whose weight has not reached the 25th percentile calculated according to the corrected age. Nutrition should be strengthened after discharge.
(2) Premature infants who do not need intensive nutrition should be exclusively breastfed. Pay attention to supplement vitamins, iron, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients to guide the balanced diet of breast milk. Supplement infant formula when breast milk is insufficient.
(3) The feeding amount depends on the weight, age and tolerance of premature infants. In principle, gastric retention and vomiting are not appropriate.
(4) Under the premise of ensuring adequate feeding of breast milk and/or infant formula milk powder, according to the development level, physiological maturity and catch-up growth, generally, mud paste and solid food are gradually introduced after 4-6 months of correction.
(5) According to the weight, maturity and environmental temperature and humidity of premature infants, different measures should be taken to keep warm moderately, and kangaroo nursing method should be advocated.
(6) Keep the room temperature at 24~26℃ and the relative humidity at 55%~65%, keep the indoor air circulating and quiet, and the light should have obvious difference between day and night to help the baby establish a circadian rhythm. Pay attention to the baby's posture to avoid inhalation or suffocation.
(7) Wash your hands before touching your baby and after changing diapers, reduce visits from relatives and friends, clean and disinfect the milk utensils after each feeding, and open the window for ventilation every day.
(8) Keep the navel dry and clean. If there is purulent secretion or navel swelling, see a doctor in time.
(9) Take a bath frequently, keep your skin clean, and wash your ass with warm water after each defecation to prevent red buttocks. Clothes should be wide and soft, not buttons.
(10) Measure the weight, length (height) and head circumference regularly to monitor the baby's development.
Precautions for nursing and feeding premature infants 4 1, and pay attention to hand hygiene.
Due to the low immune function of premature infants, special attention should be paid to hand hygiene when nursing premature infants in order to prevent infection. It is worth mentioning that when bathing premature babies, the environment and articles should be carefully prepared. For example, keep the ambient temperature at 26-28℃ (air conditioner or heater can be used when the temperature is low), close the doors and windows to avoid blowing;
Use a specially cleaned bathtub, control the water temperature at 38-40℃, and use shower gel if necessary; Make relevant preparations before taking a bath, put the bath towel flat on the bed, put the clothes that need to be changed next to it in the order of dressing, and prepare appropriate diapers, buttock cream, moisturizing oil, cotton swabs, etc.
2. Breastfeeding is the first choice
If there are no taboos, breastfeeding is the first choice. When there is no milk, you can choose formula milk powder to feed. Premature infants with birth weight below 2000 grams, especially those with very low birth weight and ultra-low birth weight, should be fed under the guidance of a doctor. Some premature babies need vitamin D, iron, calcium and other nutrients to meet the needs of growth and development.
3. Early family intervention
Early family intervention, including baby touching and passive exercise, can not only promote the growth and development of premature infants, but also be a way of emotional communication. Persisting in passive exercise for premature infants every day can not only promote their physical development, but also promote their nervous system development.
Step 4 Measure and judge body temperature
The temperature of a normal newborn is 36.5-37.5℃. When measuring the newborn's temperature, it is advisable to measure the axillary temperature with an electronic thermometer. Mercury thermometer is easy to break and cause accidents, so it is not suitable for use. Anal temperature should not be measured to avoid damaging rectal mucosa; Do not measure the ear temperature or forehead temperature, because the temperature of ears and forehead is easily affected by the ambient temperature and cannot accurately reflect the body temperature.
5. Observe defecation
① To some extent, defecation reflects the baby's health. Parents should pay attention to observation and seek medical advice in time if they find any abnormality.
② The feces of breast-fed babies are golden yellow, mostly even and mushy, with occasional tiny milk lumps and sour taste, 2 13 times a day. Even if the stool reaches 3 or 5 times a day, it can be regarded as normal as long as it does not contain too much water and is mushy.
③ For babies fed with milk (including milk powder) and goat's milk, the feces are light yellow, most of them are abnormal, and there are many milk lumps, which are big and smelly, 1, 1-2 times a day.
④ The feces of infants fed with mixed breast milk and milk are similar to those fed with milk, but they are yellow and soft. After adding complementary foods such as grain, eggs, meat and vegetables, the nature of feces is close to that of adults, once a day.
Need to be reminded that when the baby takes iron supplements, the stool will turn black, usually grayish black and dull.
6. Pay attention to abdominal distension
Abdominal distension is a common symptom of newborns, which is divided into physiological and pathological. Normal newborns, especially premature infants, often have physiological abdominal distension, which is manifested as mild abdominal distension after breastfeeding, without other discomfort and without affecting growth and development. In the case of pathological abdominal distension, the abdomen is diffuse and swollen, with high tension and purple-blue color. When touching, the baby's expression is painful, often accompanied by vomiting. Once there is pathological abdominal distension, you should take your baby to see a doctor in time.
7. Prevent diarrhea
To prevent baby diarrhea, the key is to do the following:
1. Breastfeeding as much as possible can give your baby a lot of immune antibodies and enhance the body's resistance. In the first summer and autumn after the baby is born, it is particularly important to prevent diarrhea, and weaning should be avoided as much as possible during this time.
② Pay attention to food hygiene. Pay attention to the baby's food hygiene at ordinary times. It is best to thoroughly boil and disinfect all tableware before feeding every morning and use it several times to prevent diseases from entering.
(3) Avoid contact and infection. If there are children with diarrhea in the neighborhood or kindergarten, they should pay attention to avoid contact and prevent infection.
8. Prevent constipation
Premature infants have slow intestinal peristalsis and are prone to constipation. Constipation can lead to bloating and loss of appetite. Usually turn a few times more to stimulate the rectal wall to cause defecation and achieve the purpose of defecation.