Shigu Academy is located in Shigu Mountain, Shigu District, Hengyang City, with an altitude of 69 meters. Legend has it that there is a stone drum on the mountain, which is six feet high and can play drums, hence the name. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics said: "The mountains are green and round, like their drums, and the mountains are pure stone and soilless, hence the name." On the other hand, because it is surrounded by water on three sides, the splash hits the stone and its sound is like a drum. The Jin Dynasty interprets the poem "Watching the Stone Drum": "The sound of stone is hidden, and Lei Zhen is nine days." Judging from the Notes on Water Classics, the name of the stone drum was recorded in the history books of the pre-Qin period.
Shigu Academy, built on Shigu Mountain, has a long history. According to many historical records, Shigu Academy, which was founded in the early Yuan and Tang Dynasties (806 ~ 8 10), was the earliest private academy in ancient China and the academic center of southern culture in China around the Qing Dynasty. Among the four academies in the Northern Song Dynasty, Shigu Academy is actually second to none. From the historical origin of its establishment, it is more than 120 years earlier than Bailudong Academy, which was founded in the first year of Southern Tang Dynasty (937 ~ 942) in the Five Dynasties. It is 160 years earlier than Yuelu Academy, which was founded in Song Taizu Kaibao nine years (976). It is earlier than Suiyang Academy (also known as Yingtianfu Academy) founded in the second year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (l009) 199.
"The famous Shigu Mountain began in the Tang Dynasty, where you started to study." Shigu Academy lasted more than 1000 years from Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1902). During this period, with its rich collection of books, rich style of study, complete equipment, sufficient funds, strict management and great achievements, it has always enjoyed a very high position in the history of education and the development of academies in China, and is known as "Heng Zhu Xiang Temple" and "The Right Way to the South".
Song Taizong Daohua three years (997), Li Kuanren Li Shizhen rebuilt the Shigu Academy for the first time in the former site of Li Kuan, "Help the story, please stay in the county, willing to use private money". In history, the Emperor of Song Dynasty gave Shigu Academy a sum of money twice. The first time was in the second year of Taiping and Xingguo of Emperor Taizong (977), which was recorded in Ma Duanlin's General Examination of Literature and Zhu's Shigu Academy. Once, in the second year of Injong (1035), at the request of Liu Ling, the supervisor of Jixian Temple, Injong gave "Shigu Academy" a plaque and five hectares of study fields, which made Shigu Academy famous, and it was also called "the four major academies in the world" with Suiyang, Bailudong and Yuelu. Li Kuan, the first mountain chief of Shigu Academy, and Li Shizhen, the later mountain chief, both worshipped the Seven Sages of Shigu, and were called the Seven Sages of Shigu with Han Yu, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu and Zhang Qian.
Liang Zhangju's "On Retirement" has six notes: "The lecturer in charge of the academy is called the mountain master, and the mountain master is also called the dean, which is also called the mountain master." During the Five Dynasties, Jiang Weidong lived in seclusion and gave lectures in Heng Yue, and was called the leader in the mountains by the workers (see "Recent Situation of Jingxiang"). The academy benefited a lot from learning from each other in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, the academy was also set up as the head of the mountain, giving lectures and being in charge of the hospital affairs. During the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty, he became the dean and was still famous at the end of the Qing dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the selection of candidates was based on quality, and there was no geographical restriction. Although the Qing dynasty emphasized character and knowledge, it advocated choosing locals. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Shigu Academy has hired dozens of mountain leaders in past dynasties, but it has been unable to find them because of repeated wars.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, the scholar Zhu wrote Shigu Academy. In this programmatic historical document, Zhu elaborated on the guiding ideology, teaching content, educational emphasis and teaching methods of running a school. In particular, he advocated that the aim of running a school is to cultivate one's morality, so as to achieve the educational goal of "taking morality as righteousness", which was not only imitated by all the academies in the country at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on running a school in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The names of mountain leaders are Dai,,,. Dai worked in Xiaozong for five years (1 178) and won the first place in the provincial examination. He served as a senior official in the Ministry of Electric Power Industry, with a bachelor's degree from Longtuge as an official. In the 12th year of Xichun (1 185), Shigu Academy resumed its reconstruction. Principal Dai told the students the Analects of Confucius and made three volumes of Questions and Answers on the Analects of Shigu. He is a disciple of latent psychologist Zhu and an important scholar of the school. In the 11th year of Xiaozong Xichun (1 184), he became the master book of Hengyang. Fourteen years later, he was temporarily appointed as the head of Shigu Academy, taking the promotion of Zhu He's scholarship as an important task. At one time, "scholars and friends gathered, and those who boarded their doors were like the doors of Hui 'an" (Qing Kangxi's Hengzhou Mansion Records). During the period of balance, there were several poems about Shigu, and the first "Shigu Academy Records" was compiled (later lost). During the Southern Song Dynasty (1259), Shigu Academy was destroyed by fire. In the first year (1260), Li, the mayor of Shanchang, was ordered to visit the concept of "coming back to life" and take an article from Mingde Xinmin, so as to publicize its meaning for all the students. After the Song Dynasty moved to the south, the famous academies were Shigu, Bailudong, Yuelu and Xiangshan. Songyang was destroyed by the war at the end of Song Dynasty, and it was not rebuilt by Houtai of Dengfeng County until Ye Jiajing's reign in the middle of Ming Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was one of the darkest dynasties in the history of China. Rulers are basically ignorant and disgusted with Chinese culture, and academies are basically under the supervision of the government. Exceptionally, unlike other academies in China, Shigu Academy is one of the few academies valued by the rulers, and it has also been given a learning field. There are Deng Daren, Wang Fu, Cheng Jingzhi, Li Yousun, Jin Wenhai, Zhu, Zhang Jue and so on. But just like the Yuan Dynasty itself, these celebrities were only guest leaders and failed to make much progress. So it is difficult to find their information in the official history and unofficial history.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, local officials in Hengyang had a special complex for Shigu Academy, which was also an important reason for the prosperity and development of Shigu Academy. After the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, from the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, after more than 70 years' efforts, such as the history of Hengzhou magistrate, Weng Shizi, He Xun and Hu Guangxian, the academy was finally prepared with great fanfare, and the Shigu Academy, which had been silent for many years, flourished again. In the fourth year of Zheng De's reign (1509), Ye Zhao was the head of the mountain, stressing the knowledge and morality of saints, and solving doubts and doubts. Wang Shaoshao, a scholar of one time, studied at Shigu Academy when he was a teenager. After becoming an official, he "returned to his alma mater" to give lectures at Shigu Academy, and participated in compiling and proofreading the first "Shigu Academy Records", leaving extremely precious historical materials about the Academy for future generations. Other famous mountain leaders include Zhao Zhou and Li Ming 'an. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Chen Shiya, Song, Kuang Minben, Lin, Li Zhennan, Luo, Yu Tingcan, Liu, Tan Xiaopeng, Zhang Xueyin, Chang Daxiang, Liu Zuhuan, Jiang Qiling, Zou Yujie, Feng Jun, Deng Chuanmi and Li Yang.
Better than mountains is mountain warfare, which is the collective name of Mount Tai and Beidou. Zou Shouyi was a great scholar in Wang Shouren in Ming Dynasty. He was the first scholar in Zheng De's sixth year (15 1 1). Awarded the editing by imperial academy, he went to imperial academy to offer wine. Jiajing gave lectures on the stone drum and wrote 25 lectures (also known as "Twenty-five Life in the Stone Drum"), which made an incisive exposition on cognition, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, being cautious and independent, knowing and doing, and became a famous saying for all students to learn. The four directions are followed by tourists and honored as "mountain fights" by students. Kuang Minben and Lin are both from Hengshan County. They are both scholars and have made great achievements in the history of Shigu Academy. Kuang Minben was hired as the head of Yuelu Academy in the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), and served for about three years. Later, he became the head of Shigu Academy. Because of his superb knowledge and outstanding performance, he was highly praised by people at that time, and scholars were lucky enough to leave his school. Lin was called a "national scholar" when he was young. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong (176 1), he was hired as the dean of Shigu College, in charge of the College 15 years. Zeng (1894 ~ 1902) was born in Shishi, Hengyang. He was a scholar in Guangxu period and soon returned to Hunan to give lectures at Shigu Academy. Later, he served as president of Hunan Education Association and supervisor of Lu Nan Excellent Normal School.
Shigu Academy, known as the gathering place of talents, has a strong lecture atmosphere. In the Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Zhang Wei and Zheng Xiang; in the Yuan Dynasty, there were Dai Li, Li Chuxun, and in the Ming Dynasty, there were Zhan Ruoshui, Xinjiang, Luo Hongxian, Mao Kun, Li Wei, Gan Gongliang, Cai Runan, Liu Yaohui and Wang. It makes Shigu become an institution that China Taoists yearn for and gather in Beijing and Hengyongchen. It has also become a striking base for spreading Confucianism in Hunan, and further developed into a model of ancient "lecture-style" academies, making outstanding contributions to the evolution and development of Huxiang culture.
As one of the oldest academies in China, Shigu Academy has produced countless talents in the course of more than 1,000 years. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Hengyang County ordered pottery to write a poem "Shigu Academy", which described the scene of "gathering talents". The poem says: "In the past, Confucianism was not happy, but the school tried its best for a while. Double streams surround the palace wall, and the trees are depressed and demoralized. The memorial ceremony has worshipped the new tile bucket, and poetry has revived the old pavilion. From today on, I am worried about traveling, once Qingzhu Xixi opens. "
According to the Records of Stone Drum in China, in the eighth year of Song Dynasty (1 172), Eddie Wang, Deng Youlong and Deng Youling were the first scholars in palace examination. Li, Wang Shaoshao, Tan Rugeng, Xu Yingnan, Peng and Tao Bin, students of Shigu Academy, all won the rural examination in Renzi in the 30th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1552), which was called "Six Phoenix" in history. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Shigu Academy also produced Wang Chuanshan, Xia, Guan and Zou Tonglu. In the sixth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1880), four scholars, Zhu Songyun, Tan Xinzhen, Yang Yidou and Chen Ding, were admitted to Shigu Academy, of whom 1 tried to explore flowers in the temple, and 1 took the exam and chose a common place. Such great talents include Zhu Bingru, Wu Dingxiang, Zeng Chaojie, Zhu Yong, Liao Ruheng and Chen Zongqi in Ming Dynasty, Peng Yulin, a famous minister of Zhongxing in Qing Dynasty, and Peng Shu, the first inheritor of Hengyang. They all moved from Shigu Academy to China stage, "each leading the way for hundreds of years".