Cerebral arteriosclerosis is a part of systemic arteriosclerosis, which refers to a chronic brain syndrome caused by cerebral atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis and vitreous degeneration. A large number of studies have confirmed that the incidence of cerebral arteriosclerosis is increasing year by year, and more than 90% of the elderly have different degrees of cerebral arteriosclerosis.
There are many reasons for cerebral arteriosclerosis, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, long-term spasm of arterial wall, smoking and so on. Cerebral arteriosclerosis usually begins gradually after the age of 50, with more males than females, and the ratio between them is about 2∶ 1. Cerebral arteriosclerosis can cause local or total cerebral blood flow reduction and cerebral hypoxia, and the clinical symptoms vary with the range of cerebral hypoxia. For example, memory loss and personality changes caused by arteriosclerosis dementia: tremor paralysis and dysphagia caused by muscle rigidity, decreased exercise, extensive cerebral malacia, dysarthria, and pseudobulbar paralysis caused by drinking water choking.
Headache is generally the early manifestation of cerebral atherosclerosis, often accompanied by dizziness, memory loss, decreased working ability, fatigue and other symptoms. However, neurological examination often has no other positive signs except retinal arteriosclerosis in some patients' eyes, which may be caused by mild cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.
The treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis includes lowering blood lipid, activating cells and improving cerebral circulation, but prevention is more important than treatment. Generally speaking, cerebral arteriosclerosis begins after the age of 20, and symptoms begin to appear after the age of 40, so prevention should start from young people. It is necessary to establish reasonable living habits, get enough sleep, strengthen physical exercise, avoid mental stress, do not smoke or drink, and actively control hypertension.
Headache caused by cerebral hemorrhage should pay attention to the following points in nursing:
(1) Patients should stay in bed immediately, keep quiet indoors, with dim light and appropriate temperature, and look up 15 ~ 30. If he has severe headache, nausea and vomiting, he should be sent to a nearby hospital for treatment immediately.
(2) During hospitalization, we should strengthen the observation of headache and vomiting, such as severe headache and frequent vomiting, which often suggest an increase in intracranial pressure, so we should be alert to the formation of cerebral hernia. If there is unconsciousness or local limb convulsion, you should immediately notify the doctor for rescue, so as to avoid respiratory arrest caused by a major attack.
(3) Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, maintain the respiratory function, loosen the patient's collar, remove the false teeth, and apply an ice pack on his head to keep the patient in the lateral position, which is beneficial to the outflow of oral secretions and can prevent the tongue from falling back. Pay attention to keep the respiratory tract moist, suctioning sputum frequently for patients, intermittently inhaling oxygen at low flow rate, and cutting the trachea if necessary.
(4) Pay attention to the changes of body temperature, pulse, breathing, blood pressure, pupils and consciousness, such as the gradual disappearance of orbital reflex, dilated pupils, slow pulse and irregular breathing, and consider bleeding. If the headache is further aggravated, the vomiting is frequent, the pupils on both sides are unequal in size, the light reflex disappears, and the patient is unconscious, the formation of cerebral hernia should be considered. The doctor should be informed to carry out rescue.
(5) Prevention of complications, control of fluid replacement and speed (except dehydrating agent), prevention of aggravating heart burden, prevention of limb paralysis complicated with bedsore, turning over every 2 hours 1 time, keeping the bed clean and dry, strengthening functional exercise, stabilizing cardiovascular function, improving cerebral blood circulation, maintaining emotional stability, avoiding blood pressure increase and preventing rebleeding.
Nursing care of arteriosclerosis headache should pay attention to the following points:
(1) 1. Carry out necessary health education on the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, help patients correctly understand the occurrence, development and prognosis of the disease, properly arrange their work and study, avoid unnecessary excessive tension, and persuade them to quit smoking and drinking.
(2) Diets high in cholesterol and animal fat, such as fat and milk, should not be eaten. Vegetables, fruits and beans rich in vitamins should be eaten more.
(3) If the headache is mild, symptomatic treatment can be given, such as oral Lumina, Ribenine, painkillers, etc. Headache gets worse and vomiting occurs. Be alert to the possibility of cerebrovascular accident. Observe blood pressure in bed. If the blood pressure is too high, medication can be given. If the blood pressure is too high, you should go to the hospital for medical treatment or follow the doctor's advice.
(4) Maintain emotional stability, pay attention to rest, and participate in appropriate physical exercise and social activities.
Headache caused by cerebral hemorrhage should pay attention to the following points in nursing:
(1) Patients should stay in bed immediately, keep quiet indoors, with dim light and appropriate temperature, and look up 15 ~ 30. If he has severe headache, nausea and vomiting, he should be sent to a nearby hospital for treatment immediately.
(2) During hospitalization, we should strengthen the observation of headache and vomiting, such as severe headache and frequent vomiting, which often suggest an increase in intracranial pressure, so we should be alert to the formation of cerebral hernia. If there is unconsciousness or local limb convulsion, you should immediately notify the doctor for rescue, so as to avoid respiratory arrest caused by a major attack.
(3) Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, maintain the respiratory function, loosen the patient's collar, remove the false teeth, and apply an ice pack on his head to keep the patient in the lateral position, which is beneficial to the outflow of oral secretions and can prevent the tongue from falling back. Pay attention to keep the respiratory tract moist, suctioning sputum frequently for patients, intermittently inhaling oxygen at low flow rate, and cutting the trachea if necessary.
(4) Pay attention to the changes of body temperature, pulse, breathing, blood pressure, pupils and consciousness, such as the gradual disappearance of orbital reflex, dilated pupils, slow pulse and irregular breathing, and consider bleeding. If the headache is further aggravated, the vomiting is frequent, the pupils on both sides are unequal in size, the light reflex disappears, and the patient is unconscious, the formation of cerebral hernia should be considered. The doctor should be informed to carry out rescue.
(5) Prevention of complications, control of fluid replacement and speed (except dehydrating agent), prevention of aggravating heart burden, prevention of limb paralysis complicated with bedsore, turning over every 2 hours 1 time, keeping the bed clean and dry, strengthening functional exercise, stabilizing cardiovascular function, improving cerebral blood circulation, maintaining emotional stability, avoiding blood pressure increase and preventing rebleeding.
Nursing care of arteriosclerosis headache should pay attention to the following points:
(1) 1. Carry out necessary health education on prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, help patients correctly understand the occurrence, development and outcome of the disease, properly arrange patients' work and study, avoid unnecessary excessive tension, and persuade them to give up drinking.
(2) Diets high in cholesterol and animal fat, such as fat and milk, should not be eaten. Vegetables, fruits and beans rich in vitamins should be eaten more.
(3) If the headache is mild, symptomatic treatment can be given, such as oral Lumina, Ribenine, painkillers, etc. Headache gets worse and vomiting occurs. Be alert to the possibility of cerebrovascular accident. Observe blood pressure in bed. If the blood pressure is too high, medication can be given. If the blood pressure is too high, you should go to the hospital for medical treatment or follow the doctor's advice.
(4) Maintain emotional stability, pay attention to rest, and participate in appropriate physical exercise and social activities.
Headache caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis can be called vascular migraine, but it should not be called vascular migraine. The former is more common in the elderly and most of them have family history. Pain is related to the increase of blood pressure and the degree of arteriosclerosis, and has nothing to do with the dysfunction of vasomotor function in and out of the brain. Headache is mostly distending pain, the location is unknown, and the blood pressure is increased and aggravated. Vascular migraine is characterized by throbbing pain in one side of the forehead and temporal region, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, mainly occurring in young women, but also transient migraine and ophthalmoplegia. So it's easy to distinguish between the two. Temporal arteritis can cause headache, but it is not vascular migraine. The superficial temporal artery is thickened, tortuous, tender, tender, cord-like, weak or disappeared. In the early stage, there may be systemic symptoms such as low fever, night sweats and fatigue. Anti-nuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor are positive, and hormone therapy is effective. Therefore, it is essentially different from vascular migraine in onset age, lesion site, pain nature, physique and laboratory examination.
I wish your mother and grandpa a speedy recovery and pay more attention to their health and diet. ...