The main component of salt is sodium chloride, of which 39% is sodium and 6 1% is chlorine.
Salt can be decomposed into sodium ion and chloride ion in human body, which play different roles respectively. Sodium ion can maintain the whole body blood volume and cell osmotic pressure, maintain the normal excitement and stress of nerves and muscles, and activate muscle contraction. Chloride ion helps to regulate the acid-base balance of human body, produce gastric acid and activate amylase, which is extremely important for life activities.
Many people in life know that a high-salt diet is bad for their health, and think that it is better to eat less salt, or even not to eat salt. Actually, this is a misunderstanding. As we all know, high salt will raise blood pressure, and doctors often advise hypertensive patients not to eat too salty. A light diet will help control blood pressure.
In fact, not all people who eat more salt will have high blood pressure. Studies show that about 1/5 people are sensitive to salt. These people will have high blood pressure if they eat too much salt. If they have high blood pressure, their blood pressure will be higher.
American experts have observed 1900 hypertensive patients for four years, and regularly analyzed the content of salt in their urine. The results showed that the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with the lowest urinary salt content was four times higher than that in normal people. Therefore, even for patients with hypertension, the less salt they eat, the better.
At present, medicine can't distinguish people who are sensitive to salt, so the World Health Organization recommends that the daily salt amount be controlled at about 5 grams. Excessive salt restriction also has some adverse reactions.
Insufficient intake of sodium salt will make the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell unbalanced, promote water to enter the cell, and thus produce different degrees of brain edema. Light will appear consciousness disorder, including lethargy, fatigue, trance, severe can appear coma. If the salt intake is excessively restricted for a long time, the serum sodium content will be too low, which will lead to neurological and mental symptoms, such as loss of appetite, weakness of limbs and dizziness. In severe cases, there will be symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, increased heart rate, weak pulse, muscle spasm, blurred vision and weakened reflex, which is called "low sodium syndrome" in medicine.
Acute salt restriction can reduce body fluid volume, increase the activity of renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system, and lead to the increase of blood pressure in some patients.
2. How to low salt
Some specific measures of low-salt diet are: 1) Eat more natural foods and eat less or no processed foods.
Natural foods are low in sodium and high in potassium. Most processed foods have sodium added and potassium removed.
2) Don't add salt when cooking, but in order to keep the taste, add a little salt when eating. 3) Eat overnight meals.
4) Don't eat or eat less fast food, most of which contain high sodium. For people with heavy tastes, we should gradually reduce the intake of salt, and do not pursue one step at a time.
In daily life, it is of great significance to correctly estimate the amount of salt. A flat spoon of salt for porcelain spoon is about 18g, a flat spoon of soy sauce for porcelain spoon is equivalent to 3g, a flat spoon of salt for coffee spoon is 3g, and a pinch of salt (three fingers) is about 2-3g. Patients can apply it according to their own needs and possible situations.
3. What is a low-salt, salt-free and low-sodium diet?
Low-salt, salt-free and low-sodium diet E69DA5E6Ba907A 68696416f3133431346435 is to reduce the salt in the diet, reduce the sodium content, and make use of the taste of food with little or no salt.
Low salt diet principle:
1, using the taste of vegetables.
The fresh fragrance of vegetables can taste buds and stimulate appetite, such as scrambled eggs with tomatoes, cauliflower with tomatoes, shredded pork with bell peppers and steamed eggplant.
2, with vinegar, sesame sauce, tomato sauce and other spices to increase appetite.
The use of sweet and sour seasoning can increase the sweet and sour flavor of food and relatively reduce the demand for salty taste. Using cooking methods to keep the original flavor of food, such as steaming and stewing, is helpful to keep the original flavor of food. For example, vinegar mixed with cold dishes, or sesame sauce mixed with eggplant and tomato slices.
Step 3 eat more fungi
The soup with mushrooms, auricularia auricula and kelp as the main raw materials is delicious, rich in color and nourishing, with or without salt. Fungi can also soften blood vessels.
Step 4 concentrate on salt
Sprinkle salt powder directly on vegetables, and taste buds will be strongly affected, thus causing appetite.
Extended data
Salt is directly proportional to the incidence of hypertension. For example, increasing salt intake twice a day will increase the incidence of hypertension by two times. Eating more salt will increase the sodium salt in the body.
Under the action of some hormones, sodium salt can strengthen the sensitivity of blood vessels to various antihypertensive substances, cause spasm of peripheral arterioles and raise blood pressure. Sodium salt can also absorb water, so that the water in the body is greatly increased, the blood volume is increased, and the heart and kidney diseases are complicated, which leads to an increase in blood pressure, which is often not easy to drop and accelerates the occurrence of stroke.
On the contrary, adopting a low-salt diet can easily control blood pressure and maintain a good level.