(1) Etiology and incidence
There are many causes of urticaria, but most of them are allergic reactions or vascular and neurological dysfunction caused by certain substances. Common related factors are as follows:
1. Food, such as fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, milk, etc.
2. Inhalations, such as all kinds of pollen, dust and smoke.
3. Drugs, such as penicillin, streptomycin, sulfanilamide, serum and vaccine.
4. Various infections, such as bacteria, viruses, molds and parasites.
5. Endocrine disorders, irregular menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, etc.
6. Physical and chemical factors, such as cold, heat, wind, light and some beauty stimuli.
7. Animal and plant stimulation, such as bedbugs, mites, nettles, kudzu roots, etc.
8. Genetic factors, such as allergies and immune dysfunction.
(2) the patient's performance
Many diseases are sudden, with severe itching at first, followed by red, skin color or pale wheals of different sizes and shapes. The rash rises quickly and disappears, leaving no trace after fading. It can recur within one day. The rash can spread to the whole body or involve mucous membranes. If the digestive tract is involved, upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may occur. Respiratory system involvement may lead to dyspnea and chest tightness. A few patients are accompanied by fever. Acute urticaria is the kind that disappears after a short-term attack, and chronic urticaria is the kind that recurs for more than 3 months.
(3) Home care
The best treatment of this disease is to find allergens and achieve the goal of radical cure through gradual desensitization therapy. At present, many hospitals have carried out skin allergy tests of different foods, drugs, animals and plants, or skin patch tests of different cosmetics and contacts to find allergic factors. Urticaria patients, if possible, should first go to the hospital to find the pathogenic factors in order to remove or avoid contact with these factors.
1. Family medication
(1) Oral drugs: Vitamin C 0.2g is commonly used and taken orally twice a day. Lutin 20 mg, taken orally three times a day. Anti-allergic drugs, commonly used Antaile 25 mg, three times a day or Diphenhydramine 25 mg, three times a day. You can also take 2-4 mg of cyproheptadine orally three times a day. Stubborn people use chlorpheniramine 4 mg, 4 times a day, and cyanogen 200 mg, 4 times a day, combined with medication, the effect is better. In recent years, a new drug, Cismin 10 mg, was taken orally 1 time a day, which has a remarkable effect on chronic urticaria. Patients with systemic skin lesions can be given intravenous injection of 10% calcium gluconate 10 ml, once a day. In case of laryngeal edema, dyspnea or severe symptoms, 0. 1% adrenal cord 0.5- 1.0 ml should be injected subcutaneously immediately.
(2) External application: commonly used 1% phenol calamine lotion or 1% mint tincture for external application, 3-4 times a day.
2. Traditional Chinese medicine and folk prescription
(1) Kochia scoparia, duckweed each 30g, cicada slough 9g, decocted in water, daily 1 dose.
(2) Peach leaves and mugwort leaves 30g, alum 15g, salt 9g, decocted and bathed, 1-2 times, 1 time per day.
(3) Fructus Xanthii, Herba Schizonepetae, Radix Saposhnikoviae each 65438±05g, and Onion 65438 0, decocted in water, 65438 0 doses per day.
3. Nutrition and diet
It is advisable to enter a light diet and avoid spicy and irritating foods such as fish, shrimp, crab, mutton and wine.
(4) Precautions
1. Patients should pay attention to observe allergens at ordinary times. If they find that a certain food or drug is allergic, they should stop using it immediately and try to avoid contact with suspicious allergens.
2. Cut your nails short and don't scratch them hard, otherwise the skin lesions will be obviously aggravated and the itching will be severe.
3. Keep the stool unobstructed. Constipation patients can take 2 pieces of fruit guide tablets, and put Senna leaves in appropriate amount of boiled water for 2-3 times a day.
4. The room should be kept clean and dry, flowers are prohibited, and chemicals such as Lysol and dichlorvos should not be sprayed to avoid sensitization.
5. When patients are doing desensitization treatment, they must be carried out in the hospital, and at the same time, first-aid drugs, such as adrenaline, phenamine, dexamethasone, oxygen, etc., should be prepared for timely rescue.
6. Drivers and aerial workers are forbidden to use antiallergic drugs such as chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine and antongding during work to avoid accidents due to dizziness and drowsiness.
(5) common sense of prevention
1. People with allergies should try to avoid contact with food, drugs, plants and chemicals that are easy to cause allergies, and reduce the stimulation of too cold, too hot and the sun.
2. Maintain a regular life, be cheerful, and actively treat gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases.
3. Clear the infected focus in the body as soon as possible, such as anti-infection, ascaris removal and other treatments.
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