First, the harm of air pollution to human health
The harm of air pollutants to human body mainly comes from three ways: first, human body is injured after touching the ground; second, food containing air pollutants and water poisoning are eaten by mistake; third, people suffer from various serious diseases after inhaling polluted air. As can be seen from the following table, all kinds of air pollutants enter the human body through various channels, which have many effects on the human body. Moreover, its harm is extremely serious.
Second, air pollution endangers the survival and development of living things.
Air pollution mainly harms the survival and development of organisms through three ways: first, it poisons or dries up organisms; Second, it slows down the normal development of organisms; Third, reduce the resistance of organisms to pests and diseases. Long-term exposure of plants to air pollution during the growing period will damage their leaves and weaken photosynthesis; It damages the internal structure and makes plants wither until they die. Among all kinds of harmful gases, sulfur dioxide, chlorine and hydrogen fluoride are the most harmful to plants. The damage of air pollution to animals is mainly respiratory tract infection and eating food polluted by air. Among them, arsenic, fluorine, lead and molybdenum are the most harmful. Air pollution makes animals weak and even die. Air pollution also kills soil microorganisms in the form of acid rain, acidifying soil, reducing soil fertility and endangering crops and forests.
Third, air pollution corrodes objects.
Air pollutants have corrosive effects on instruments, equipment and buildings. For example, rust spots on metal buildings and severe weathering of ancient cultural relics.
Fourth, the impact of air pollution on the global atmospheric environment.
The development of air pollution has transcended national boundaries so far, and its harm has spread all over the world. The impact on the global atmosphere is obviously manifested in three aspects: first, ozone layer destruction, second, acid rain corrosion, and third, global warming.
1. There is an ozone hole over Antarctica.
In the stratosphere 10-55km away from the ground, the ozone in the atmosphere is relatively concentrated, forming the ozone layer. With the ozone layer in the atmosphere, it can purify the atmosphere, kill bacteria, filter out most harmful ultraviolet rays, reduce the harm to human body, and increase the output of many crops. Excessive ozone concentration will poison human body. When the ozone content decreases, ultraviolet rays will drive in, which will increase the incidence of skin cancer and reduce crop production. Scientists have found that the ozone over the north and south poles decreases, just like a hole in the sky has collapsed, which is called an "ozone hole". Ultraviolet rays enter the atmosphere through the "ozone hole", endangering human beings and other creatures in nature. The appearance of "ozone hole" is the same as the widespread use of freon (refrigeration materials such as refrigerators and air conditioners). Now, countries such as the United States and Europe have decided to stop producing freon from 2000.
Hazards caused by air pollution;
Winter fog is called "winter killer", and pollutants such as industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust, dust in the air, bacteria and viruses in the air attach to these water droplets. In people's daily life and travel, these substances will have an impact on the human respiratory tract, which may cause acute upper respiratory tract infection (cold), acute tracheobronchitis, pneumonia and asthma attacks, and induce or aggravate chronic bronchitis. In particular, children's respiratory mucosa of nose, trachea and bronchus is tender, and the number of alveoli is small, the development of elastic fibers is poor, and the interstitial development is vigorous, which makes them more susceptible to respiratory viruses. Being in foggy weather for a long time will cause tracheitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, allergic diseases, etc., which will have a certain impact on the growth and physique of children and adolescents. In addition, diabetic patients with poor air quality and poor resistance in foggy days are very likely to have lung and trachea infections, which will aggravate their condition. [9]
The harm of air pollution to human beings is closely related to human survival, and it directly participates in the processes of gas metabolism, substance metabolism and body temperature regulation. The air a person breathes every day is about 65438+100000 liters, which is equivalent to 12.9 kg, which is about10 times of the food and water needed every day. With the rapid development of modern industry and transportation, the emission of smoke and automobile exhaust has exceeded the self-purification limit of the atmosphere, but a very serious problem-air pollution has also followed. The pollutants that have great influence on air pollution are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, dust and so on. Sulfur oxides are acidic substances, which come from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels (oil and coal), mainly referring to sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. They can form aerosols and acid rain, which are extremely harmful to human beings under certain conditions. Sulfur oxides not only pollute the environment, but also seriously endanger human health, which can narrow the inner diameter of human respiratory tract and increase the resistance, resulting in a decrease in the resistance to bacterial infection, damage hematopoietic organs such as bone marrow and spleen, and destroy metabolism in the body.
What are the hazards of outdoor air pollution to human body? Air pollution means that the air contains one or more pollutants, the quantity, nature and time of which will do harm to the lives of human beings, plants and animals, damage property, or interfere with the comfortable living environment, such as the existence of odor. In other words, as long as the quantity, nature and time of a certain substance are enough to have an impact on human beings or other creatures and property, we can call it air pollutants; And the phenomenon caused by its existence is air pollution. In other words, the abnormal increase of some substances in the air will produce air pollution.
People need to breathe air to keep alive. An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day and inhales 1.5 ~ 20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health.
The harm of air pollutants to human body is various, mainly manifested in respiratory diseases and physiological dysfunction, as well as pathological changes of mucous membranes such as eyes and nose. For example,1February 5-8, 952, the soot incident in London, England, killed 4000 people. People call the soot incident, disaster smoke, "killing smoke". According to the analysis, this is because there was no wind and fog in London, and the smoke and dust generated by factory chimneys and residents' heating permeated the urban area of London for a long time. The highest concentration of smoke and dust reaches 4.46 mg/m3, and the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide reaches 3.83 ml/m3. Sulfuric acid droplets produced by chemical reaction of sulfur dioxide attach to smoke or condense on fog droplets, and enter organs with breathing, which makes people sick or accelerates the death of patients with chronic diseases. This is also called photochemical pollution. As can be seen from the above example, when the concentration of pollutants in the air is high, it will cause acute pollution poisoning, or aggravate the symptoms, and even kill thousands of people within a few days. In fact, even if the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is not high, breathing this polluted air all the year round will cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, lung cancer and other diseases.
Give some points ~ ~, we have no points.
Handwritten newspaper materials on "the harm of air pollution to people"
Air is closely related to human survival, and it directly participates in the processes of gas metabolism, substance metabolism and body temperature regulation. The air a person breathes every day is about 65438+100000 liters, which is equivalent to 12.9 kg, which is about10 times of the food and water needed every day. With the rapid development of modern industry and transportation, the emission of smoke and automobile exhaust has exceeded the self-purification limit of the atmosphere, but a very serious problem-air pollution has also followed. The pollutants that have great influence on air pollution are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, dust and so on. Sulfur oxides are acidic substances, which come from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels (oil and coal), mainly referring to sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. They can form aerosols and acid rain, which are extremely harmful to human beings under certain conditions. Sulfur oxides not only pollute the environment, but also seriously endanger human health, which can narrow the inner diameter of human respiratory tract and increase the resistance, resulting in a decline in resistance to bacterial infection, damage hematopoietic organs such as bone marrow and spleen, and destroy metabolism in the body.
How harmful are water pollution and air pollution to human health? It can turn black ~ ~ ~ ~ Hainan is very hot.
Both water pollution and air pollution do great harm to human body. For example, Japan's pain is a public hazard event of water pollution, which has affected generations, while Britain was called "Fog Capital" earlier because of sulfur dioxide pollution.
However, these are serious pollution incidents. Generally speaking, poor air or water quality in cities can only lead to chronic respiratory diseases or intestinal diseases, with little acute harm, so don't worry too much.
Moving to a good environment will restore the chronic diseases caused by pollution, but acute diseases can only be treated by doctors, not slowly.
What environmental pollution is harmful to people's health? Air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, nuclear radiation, computer mobile phone radiation. ...
Harm of mercury pollution in food to human health? Poisoning performance
Acute mercury poisoning: the general symptoms are headache, dizziness, fatigue, fever, sleep disorder, emotional excitement and excitability. Respiratory symptoms include chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath, severe cough, expectoration and dyspnea; Stomatitis may occur in the early stage, with salivation, thirst, Kurenai Rin and pain in the gums, and "mercury line" can be seen at the gingival margin, and the oral mucosa is swollen, eroded and ulcerated, and the teeth are loose and fall off; Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and sometimes diarrhea, watery stool or bloody stool. Mercury can damage the kidney and lead to necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Edema, low back pain, oliguria and even urinary incontinence occur. Urine protein is positive, and there are red blood cells, exfoliated epithelial cells and casts in urine. A few patients may have dermatitis, such as red papules and watery rashes, and in severe cases may form pus or erosion. Urine mercury increased significantly.
Chronic mercury poisoning:
Neurasthenia syndrome: dizziness, headache, insomnia, dreaminess, obvious memory loss, general fatigue, etc.
Excitement is manifested as embarrassment, depression, shyness, timidity, excitability, boredom, impatience, fear, loss of self-confidence, inattention, confusion of thinking, and even hallucinations, hallucinations, laughter, impermanence, etc.
Autonomic nerve dysfunction, palpitation, hyperhidrosis, unstable blood pressure and blushing. Skin streak sign is positive. * * * recession, impotence, menstrual disorders, etc.
Stomatitis and digestive tract symptoms: metallic taste in the mouth, dark blue mercury line in the gums, salivation, thirst, congestion, swelling, pus discharge, ulcer, pain, loose teeth and easy to fall off. Nausea, loss of appetite, burping, diarrhea or constipation.
Mercury poisoning can make fingers, tongue and eyelids tremble. Most of them are intentional, and when they are focused and nervous, their tremors increase, making it difficult to complete fine movements. In severe cases, severe tremors may occur. Language inflexibility, stuttering, and even eating and walking difficulties.
A few other patients may have proteinuria, cast, edema and other kidney damage. Some patients may have rhinitis and upper respiratory tract inflammation. A few patients have "mercury" uveitis in their lenses. There are also manifestations of peripheral neuritis, such as hypoesthesia or allergies like gloves and socks.
On-site treatment of acute poisoning
Patients should leave the mercury work site in time, take a shower and wash their hair, and change their clothes. If you take mercury salt orally, you should wash your stomach alternately with warm physiological saline and 0.2% activated carbon in time, then pour milk or egg white and take 15g magnesium sulfate to induce diarrhea.
preventive measure
Using mercury-free materials instead of mercury chlor-alkali enterprises and ion-exchange membrane caustic soda instead of mercury caustic soda can fundamentally eliminate the harm of mercury; Silicon rectifier replaces mercury rectifier, electronic instrument and single board instrument replace mercury instrument, electronic sphygmomanometer and thermometer replace mercury sphygmomanometer and thermometer, all of which eliminate the harm of mercury.
In the reforming process, ethylene is directly oxidized instead of acetylene hydration to produce acetaldehyde, which eliminates the harm of mercury catalyst. Using ethylene oxychlorination instead of acetylene to produce hydrogen chloride and additive process vinyl chloride can also eliminate the harm of mercury catalyst, and using wet mercury smelting instead of pyrometallurgical mercury smelting can also reduce the harm of mercury.
Closed operation, strengthen ventilation and exhaust, and regularly repair equipment to prevent running, running, dripping and leaking; The walls, floors and surfaces of all objects in the workplace should be smooth, flat and seamless, and the desktop should maintain a certain slope to prevent mercury beads from adhering or infiltrating, which is convenient for washing and wiping. After work every day, the workshop puts iodine in the tray, which naturally evaporates and combines with mercury vapor to form mercury iodide, which can be washed with water after work the next day.
Pay attention to personal protection, develop hygiene habits, and do not smoke, eat or drink water in the post; Wear an iodinated activated carbon mask when operating; Shower and change clothes after work, rinse your mouth and wash your hands with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate solution.
National hygienic standard for periodic detection of mercury concentration in workplace air: 0.0 1mg/m3.
Under health supervision, an occupational health examination is conducted once a year. If occupational contraindications are found, they should be removed from mercury operations in time.
Occupational contraindications: obvious stomatitis, gastroenteritis and nephropathy. Women should be temporarily isolated from mercury during pregnancy and breastfeeding.