The culture in this period is developing towards diversification, which is an era of cultural creation, conflict and integration. Because the exclusive position of Confucianism has been broken, philosophy, literature, art, history and science and technology have been innovated one after another, and some have become independent knowledge. Contemporary ideas, including metaphysics, Taoism and Buddhism, spread from India to the East, and scholars gained the upper hand by talking openly. Because the frontier nationalities brought grassland culture, the Eastern Jin Dynasty had the Central Plains culture and Jiangnan culture, and the two sides gradually began cultural exchanges or ethnic integration. In terms of business, most of the wealth of the Central Plains was transferred to Jiangnan after the southern crossing of Jinshi, and business remained prosperous. The largest commercial center is Jiankang, followed by Jiangling. Due to the war and the shortage of copper and minted currency, the value of currency is in a state of chaos. Trade has also developed. North-South trade and overseas trade are mainly controlled by the government, and there are also many private businesses. The commodities traded are daily necessities such as grain, cloth, fish, salt and some luxury goods. Guangzhou has developed maritime trade, importing pearls, jadeite, rhinoceros and spices, and exporting silk in bulk. Culture: This period is an era of cultural creation, conflict and integration. Because the exclusive position of Confucianism was broken, the culture of this period developed towards diversification, and new fields and theories continued to develop. In addition to Confucianism, there are metaphysics, Taoism and Buddhism spread from India to the East, among which Taoism and Buddhism gradually extended to the lives of ordinary people during this period. The southern frontier nationalities brought grassland culture, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty merged the Central Plains culture and the Jiangnan culture, and then the North and South sides formed cultural exchanges or ethnic integration. The social problems in the Jin Dynasty mainly revolved around the clan, which constituted the ruling class of the society and had a far-reaching impact on the Jin Dynasty. Contemporary culture has developed pure philosophy, literature, art, history and new technology without the influence of Confucianism. For example, the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, and the painting of Gu Kaizhi. The image of Tao Yuanming, an idyllic poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, originated from 192 1 year. Jin Dynasty literature got rid of the shackles of Confucian classics, moved towards independence, and moved towards free and pluralistic development. This is because: the spirit of Confucianism in Wei and Jin Dynasties declined, and only morality was valued, and the scholar-officials were empty and absurd; Politics is dark and literati are oppressed; Metaphysics, Buddhism and Taoism are popular, and the translated classics are developed. In this context, the works of this period are realistic in content and attach importance to skills. Due to the influence of Han Fu, parallel prose appeared, with a number of four to six words, paying attention to gorgeous rhetoric, carving words, rhythm and ornamentation, and using antithesis and allusions. The main articles are fu and bamboo slips, which reached their peak in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Parallel prose brought the study of phonology, and the last four tones were recognized by Nan Liang Shen. In terms of novels, such as Zhang Hua's Natural History, Gambao's Searching for the Gods, and Ge Hong's Biography of Immortals. Most of the historical books in this period are folk works, or there are several versions, such as The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and The Book of the Later Han Dynasty by Ye Fan. Science and Technology: Famous scientists in Jin Dynasty include Liu Hui, a mathematician in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Fei Xiu, a geographer in Western Jin Dynasty, and Ge Hong, an alchemist in Eastern Jin Dynasty. Liu Hui studied Nine Chapters of Arithmetic since he was a child, and he was very interested in mathematics. When she was old, Liu Hui wrote "Heavy Difference" (later called "Island Calculation") and annotated nine chapters, adding her own experience to make it easy to understand. "Nine Chapters Arithmetic" represents the ancient mathematical system in China, and establishes that China's mathematics is centered on calculation. Fisher is a land official and a cartographer. He collected historical data, studied maps, and completed a map of Gong Yu. Scientifically describe the hydrological distribution and administrative divisions of the mountains at that time. He summed up the previous painting methods and put forward the six-body painting method: fraction (proportion), quasi-sight (object direction), road distance (road distance), competition, evil and circuitous truth (these three items represent the errors caused by terrain fluctuation). Religion: The Six Divisions of Karma Wheel and Karma Buddhism soothed people's hearts at that time. During the Jin Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism were the main religions, but Buddhism was more powerful than Taoism. Regarding the conflict between Buddhism and Taoism, Taoism in the south of the Yangtze River is attached to Confucianism, while metaphysics and Buddhism are integrated and divided into two factions, which only talk about debate and do not involve political power, which is different from that in the north. As can be seen from the above aspects, many aspects in modern times have the shadow and influence left by the Jin Dynasty. Although China experienced several powerful dynasties due to its long history, the influence of the Jin Dynasty on China's modernization cannot be underestimated. Due to the rich historical materials, the enumeration may not be perfect and is for reference only.