Purify blood and urinate by the way.
It is always said that the kidney is an organ that removes urea and water left by food digestion and maintains electrolyte balance in the body. In fact, the "great energy" of the kidney is completely underestimated: the kidney does not exist for urine production, but its real purpose is to purify blood, metabolism and detoxification. It only produces urine by-products, that is, urine is only a by-product of kidney purification and detoxification, which is also the reason why drug overdose or poisoning sequelae are easy to occur when renal function is poor. When human blood flows through the whole body, it carries a lot of metabolic waste and excess electrolyte, like a polluted river, which flows into the "intelligent sewage treatment plant" of the kidney.
However, the kidney is contrary to the normal operation of sewage treatment plants in reality. It first fished out useful blood cells and protein, then recovered sugar, amino acids, necessary electrolytes and most of the water, and sent it back to the blood. After layers of screening, the rest is useless urine, which finally enters the bladder through the ureter. To complete such a detailed and complicated work, you can imagine how much work space a kidney needs, so a kidney is equivalent to a combination of 8010.5 million "small kidneys".
They are the basic units that make up the kidney. Zooming in, nephron is like a long-handled tube, which is divided into two parts: spherical nephron is a bowl, and slender renal tubule is a handle, but it is full of blood and urine.
Because water accounts for 70% of the human body, the kidney belonging to water can be said to be one of the busiest organs in the human body. And "complaining", even if the renal function is only 50%, there will still be no obvious symptoms in clinic. Only when the remaining 10%, will there be obvious symptoms such as nausea, edema, hypertension, fatigue and cramp. However, once the kidney is damaged, it is irreversible and almost impossible to recover. At the same time, renal function dropped sharply, and symptoms such as shock and uremia appeared. Therefore, when chronic kidney disease continues to deteriorate to the end stage of uremia, it can only be treated by dialysis.
Staging of renal diseases, early treatment and early prevention
With the increase of years, the equipment of sewage treatment plant will gradually age, and the kidneys of human body will also age. Usually, after entering the age of no doubt, although the mind can distinguish things more clearly, the renal function will decrease by 1% every year. If there are still bad habits such as smoking, drinking, staying up late, overeating, taking folk remedies or painkillers, and suffering from chronic diseases such as three highs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia) and gout, renal function will decline ahead of schedule and become a high-risk group of kidney disease.
Kidney diseases can be divided into five stages according to the severity of glomerular filtration rate. Usually, renal function examination will check the concentration of creatinine in blood, and the normal range is 0.7- 1.2mg/dL. Only creatinine reaction renal function lags behind glomerular filtration rate (GFR). When the serum creatinine exceeds the standard, the renal disease has reached a serious level, which is not as accurate as glomerular filtration rate, but the measurement method of the latter is complicated and expensive. Therefore, creatinine clearance rate is often used to replace it in clinic. The normal glomerular filtration rate is120ml/min/1.73m. The smaller the glomerular filtration rate, the worse the renal function and the more serious the renal injury.
The stages of kidney disease are as follows:
The first stage: normal renal function and microalbuminuria. GFR 90ml ml/min/1.73m. 。
The second stage: mild chronic renal failure. GFR is between 89.60ml/min/1.73m.
Stage III: Moderate chronic renal failure. GFR is between 59 30ml/min/1.73m.
Stage 4: Severe chronic renal failure. GFR is between1529 ml/min/1.73 m.
Stage 5: End-stage renal disease. Gfr15ml/min/1.73m. 。
The first and second stages belong to mild chronic nephropathy, with occasional mild symptoms such as nocturia or hematuria, proteinuria or edema. Patients are usually advised to continue follow-up, have a regular life and rest, do not stay up late, do not smoke or drink, control blood sugar and blood pressure, make dietary adjustments, and use some drugs appropriately to delay the progress of chronic kidney disease when necessary.
The third and fourth stages are moderate and severe chronic kidney disease, characterized by proteinuria, fatigue, dizziness, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, edema, bone pain and other symptoms. In addition to following the above dietary habits, we should also adopt a low-phosphorus diet and pay special attention to salt intake;
The fifth stage belongs to the end-stage renal failure stage. At this time, the residual renal function is less than 65,438+05% of that of normal people, indicating that waste and water in metabolism cannot be eliminated by themselves, and nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia, arrhythmia, loss of appetite, edema and other phenomena will occur. At this time, we must actively cooperate with diet and drugs for treatment, and adopt a low-protein diet, which can only be improved through dialysis.
Running water does not rot, and the kidneys need maintenance and circulation.
As the saying goes, running water does not rot, because it has the function of circulation and self-purification. Kidney, as an important metabolic detoxification organ of human body, will age with the increase of age, but bad living habits such as eating less fruits and vegetables, overeating and drinking less clean water, drinking too much alcohol and tobacco, and often holding back urine are the chief culprit leading to the early decline of renal function. In addition, obesity, non-compliance with medical advice and chronic diseases such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and diabetes are also important sources that cannot be ignored.
All kinds of pathogenic factors have broken the virtuous circle of kidney and caused serious consequences. If you drink too little water, you can't let the kidneys effectively excrete toxins, and uric acid and stones accumulate to harm the kidneys; Overeating leads to unbalanced nutrition, resulting in protein and excessive calories, increasing the burden on the kidneys; Often taking folk remedies or not following the doctor's advice is a three-point poison, which eventually poisons the main filtered kidney; There is also habitual urination, which causes bladder urine to flow back to the kidney, which not only excites nerves and raises blood pressure, but also easily causes urinary tract infection and eventually hurts the kidney.
Therefore, in decades of intense operation, the kidney needs to be maintained, and the "self-purification" function of the kidney needs to be put into operation in order to build a virtuous circle, not to stagnate, and to be healthy for a long time.
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