First, the status quo and main problems of children's mental health
China society is undergoing rapid changes. The change of family structure, parenting style and the acceleration of life rhythm have increased the tension factors in the process of children's growth to varying degrees, leading to a significant increase in children's psychological problems. According to the survey of 22 cities in China, the detection rate of children's behavior problems is 12.97%. According to the psychological survey of 3,000 children aged 4-6 in Shanghai by Shanghai Mental Health Center, 8.8% children have bad behaviors, 1 1% children are depressed and feel inferior, and 8.5% children are anxious and nervous. Therefore, the current situation of children's mental health in China is not optimistic.
The mental health of preschool children is restricted by many intersecting, infiltrating and influencing factors. These factors can be roughly divided into four types: environment, biology, availability of health care measures and lifestyle. We should educate and infiltrate from these four aspects of psychology.
Second, clear the meaning of children's mental health
Mental health means that individuals can maintain a sustained, positive and good psychological efficacy in various environments. In this state, individuals can adapt well, life is full of vitality, and their physical and mental potential is fully developed. This is the universal significance of mental health. For young children, mental health can refer to the following criteria: 1) Willing to learn and develop intelligence; 2) Adapt to life and learn to take care of yourself; 3) Accept yourself and be confident; 4) Willing to associate and integrate into the group; 5) Adjust emotions and learn self-control.
Of course, nothing in the world is absolutely unchanged. When judging whether children are psychologically healthy, adults should not only proceed from the above five standards, but also consider the regularity and consistency of children's psychological and behavioral performance, and make a concrete analysis of people, events and times.
Thirdly, the foundation and basic educational methods of children's mental health education.
Austrian psychologist Freud once said: "Early mental health is particularly important for a person's future development." The emergence of mental health problems is cumulative, and children have begun to form their initial personality and psychological tendency during this period, which makes it possible for us to cultivate children's good personality and moral behavior through mental health education at this stage. I think children should be given mental health education of "sneaking into the night with the wind and moistening things silently".
Fourth, create a good family psychological atmosphere and set an example for children's healthy mentality.
Children receive early education at home, that is, parents are their first teachers. Parents' thoughts, behaviors, consciousness and habits, emotional attitudes and so on have a very obvious guiding role in children's character. It has been described that if children live in a critical environment, they will blame them. If a child lives in a hostile environment, he will fight; If a child lives in an encouraging environment, he learns to be confident. "Children can be said to be parents' mirrors, and what kind of parents are reflected in children." (Chen Heqin) This sentence also reflects the same truth. Therefore, parents should carefully create a good family psychological atmosphere and set an example, especially in the face of difficulties and setbacks, to maintain a healthy, positive and optimistic attitude and set an example for their children's mental health.
Fifth, increase the "nutrients" necessary for children's psychological growth in time.
In essence, the psychological nutrient that children need most is love, precisely, the love given by parents and relatives. Love has very rich connotations, such as warmth, care, tolerance, comfort, encouragement, reward, praise, support, trust and so on. If a child can't get the love of his parents and relatives for a long time and is in a lonely, lonely and disappointed situation for a long time, it will not only fail to grow up healthily, but also cause many unhealthy phenomena such as psychopathy, imperfect personality and distorted personality. Serious can also lead to criminal behavior.
Self-confidence is an extremely important nutrient that is useful to children all their lives. It is one of the good tools to success, and it is also the other side of victory. Self-confidence can maximize people's potential. Cultivating children's self-confidence means supporting children to do what they like (except bad things), cultivating children's interest in doing things, and experiencing their own strength and ability from success, so as to continuously enhance children's self-confidence.
Hope is an important and indispensable nutrient. People who are full of hope for the future will struggle and will not be willing to fail. The key to make children full of hope is the subtle influence of the environment. Parents should always show their love for life in front of young children, and be optimistic no matter what difficulties and obstacles they encounter. In the long run, children will be full of hope and complacent.
Venting and persuasion are effective ways to maintain children's psychological balance. If the psychological burden is not vented and channeled for a long time. It will aggravate psychological contradictions and then become psychological obstacles. Therefore, parents should pay attention to young children, and once they find abnormal situations, they should promptly guide and correct them.
Six, children.
Teachers attach importance to children's mental health and try their best to maintain and improve children's mental health.
Teachers are the foundation of education. Only teachers with mental health can cultivate students with mental health. In kindergartens, the most fundamental gains and losses in promoting children's mental health education are to strengthen teacher training, improve teachers' psychological quality and improve their mental health. Secondly, establish special psychological files to promote children to form a healthy personality; Third, improve the environment and create a good and rich psychological atmosphere; Finally, carry out mixed-age activities and coordinate peer relations.
Seven. abstract
Mental health education is a complex systematic project, which requires the full cooperation of schools, families and society, especially in the early stage, these three aspects should be organically combined and infiltrated each other. After all, three years old has to take care of seven-year-old people.