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Not too much, not too little, just 10 questions, need answers.
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First, control smoking and drinking.
1. Please name three or more harmful substances in cigarettes?
A: Nicotine, cigarette tar, phenylpropanoid, carbon monoxide, etc.
2. Why can't teenagers smoke?
A: Because teenagers are at the peak of their physical development, their physical development is still immature, their stress (resistance) is relatively poor, and they are sensitive to various harmful substances. Smoking is very harmful to their health.
Please name some diseases that smoking can easily cause?
A: There are many harmful substances in cigarettes. Long-term smoking can lead to tracheitis, lung cancer, oral cancer, coronary heart disease and so on.
What do you think medical staff should do to create a smoke-free hospital?
A: First of all, don't smoke or take the initiative to quit smoking; Vigorously publicize the knowledge that smoking is harmful to health; Actively discourage others from smoking.
Do you know when World No Tobacco Day is?
A: May 3 1.
6. When did Beijing begin to implement the ban on smoking in public places?
A: 1996 may 15.
7. What are the hazards of alcoholism?
A: Alcoholism, brain injury, chronic gastritis, liver injury and harm to future generations.
8. What are the requirements for alcohol and tobacco in the four cornerstones of health?
A: Quit smoking and limit alcohol.
Second, a balanced diet.
9. What is a balanced diet?
A: A balanced diet means that the amount of nutrients in the food that the human body ingests every day meets the needs of normal physiology, labor and daily life, and the proportion of various nutrients is reasonable.
10, what are the main nutrients in food?
A: Carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, inorganic salts, dietary fiber and water.
1 1. What is the daily intake of salt and soy sauce for residents in our city at present? What is the recommended intake of the World Health Organization?
A: At present, the daily intake of salt and soy sauce for residents in our city is 40 grams. The World Health Organization recommends that the intake be lower than 10g.
12. What are the reasons for the insufficient dietary fiber intake of residents in our city?
A: The diet is too delicate, too finished, and the variety of food is monotonous.
13. How should the meat in the diet be matched to make the nutrition reasonable?
Answer: We should eat more beef, mutton and chicken and less pork. Because the protein content of beef, mutton and chicken is higher than that of pork, but the fat content is obviously lower than that of pork.
14. What diseases can animal fat intake lead to?
A: Atherosclerotic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, etc.
15. What's the difference between animal oil and vegetable oil?
A: Animal fat mainly contains saturated fatty acids; The main component of vegetable oil is unsaturated fatty acid, which is easy to digest and has the effect of softening blood vessels.
16. What is the recommended amount of edible oil per person per month in China? How much oil does everyone eat every day?
Answer: per person per month 1.5 kg; 0.5 Liang per person per day.
17, "Eat less fried food and eat more whole grains" Is it correct?
A: Correct.
18, why do you advocate eating more fish in animal foods?
A: The protein content of fish is about 15-20%, the digestibility is as high as 87-98%, and the fat content is 1-3%. Most of them are unsaturated fatty acids and rich in inorganic salts.
19. Bacteria and algae are natural health products. Please name five of these foods?
A: Mushrooms, fungus, kelp, laver, tremella and so on.
20. Is sour food acidic? Are strawberries and oranges acidic foods?
Answer: acidic food refers to the food that produces negative ions in the body after food decomposition, not the food with sour taste. Strawberries and oranges are not acidic foods, but alkaline foods.
2 1, please name five acidic foods? Six alkaline foods?
Answer: Acidic food: egg yolk, chicken, pork, carp, flour. Alkaline food: kelp, spinach, radish, lentils, apples and lotus roots.
22. What's wrong with too much acidic food?
Answer; The blood is acidic, the color deepens and the viscosity increases, which can cause acidosis in severe cases.
23. How to wash vegetables can better protect water-soluble vitamins?
A: Wash first and then cut; Rinse with running water, do not soak in water; Cut vegetables before cooking to avoid long-term exposure and vitamin oxidation damage.
24. What problems should we pay attention to when cooking to reduce the loss of nutrients?
Answer: vegetables can only be put in when the water is boiling, which can reduce the time of vegetables in the water and will not squeeze out too much water in the vegetables.
25. What is the effect of adding a little vinegar when cooking bone fish soup?
A: Promoting the dissolution of calcium is beneficial to the absorption of calcium.
26. What is the food with the highest calcium content?
A: Milk, dried shrimps and seafood.
27. In order to reduce the destruction and loss of nutrients in vegetables, what principles should be mastered when cooking?
Answer; Stir fry quickly; Add less water when cooking to reduce the loss of water-soluble vitamins and inorganic salts; Thicken vegetable soup with starch to make it stick with vegetables, which can protect nutrients.
28, menopausal endocrine system changes easily lead to autonomic nervous system disorders, what should be paid attention to in this period of diet?
A: Foods rich in B vitamins, such as millet, corn flour, peas, mung beans, mushrooms, fungus and kelp, should be supplemented in time.
29. Do mental workers have any special requirements for carbohydrates in their diet?
A: Mental workers are most sensitive to hypoxia and should provide sugar in time, that is, carbohydrates in the diet. Consider choosing foods rich in monosaccharides, such as millet, honey and longan.
30. What is the heat energy distribution ratio of breakfast, lunch and dinner in a day?
A: In a day, the ratio of heat energy distribution for breakfast, lunch and dinner is 3: 4: 3.
Third, the scientific movement
3 1. When is the air quality most suitable for exercise in a day?
A: From 10 to 3 pm.
32. What does it mean to exercise regularly?
A: Exercise at least 3 times a week; At least 30 minutes at a time.
33. How to calculate the safe maximum heart rate after exercise?
Answer: 170 minus age.
34. How should people with high blood pressure and coronary heart disease exercise?
A: We should insist on safe, proper and regular physical exercise.
35. What is aerobic exercise?
A: It is a low-intensity, long-term exercise that provides energy through aerobic metabolism.
36. Please name some aerobic exercises?
A: Jogging, brisk walking, Tai Ji Chuan, playing table tennis, dancing and doing exercises.
Fourth, mental health.
37. What are the ways to get rid of bad emotions?
A: I am good at self-control, self-resolution, reducing mental burden and paying attention to venting my inner feelings.
38. When encountering psychological barriers, what is the best solution/
A: Ask a psychologist for psychological consultation or treatment.
39. What are the behavioral characteristics of people with type A personality and what diseases are they prone to?
A: People with type A personality are anxious, often have a sense of time urgency, act quickly (such as eating and walking), easily get nervous, easily lose their temper, have hostile tendencies and love competition. Susceptible to coronary heart disease.
40. What are the behavioral characteristics of people with type C personality and what diseases are they prone to get?
A: People with type C personality are often insecure, often dissatisfied and hostile, feel lonely and depressed, and experience more depression. Susceptible to malignant tumors.
4 1, "A good attitude is one of the foundations of health", right?
A: Correct.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Prevention of chronic diseases
42. What is the complete concept of health?
A: Good health, mental health and strong social adaptability.
43. What are the four cornerstones of health?
A: Quit smoking and limit alcohol, have a balanced diet, have mental health and exercise moderately.
44. What is the normal blood pressure?
Answer: Systolic blood pressure (high pressure) is less than140; Diastolic pressure (low pressure) is less than 90.
45. What is the inducement that easily causes angina pectoris?
A: Tired, emotional, overeating, cold, etc.
46. What lifestyle can prevent hypertension?
A: Low salt and less oil, reasonable diet, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, moderate exercise and emotional stability.
47. What kind of people are prone to high blood pressure?
A: Obese people, blood relatives with hypertension, salty people, alcoholics, long-term nervous people, the elderly, diabetics and hyperlipidemia.
48. Why can't hypertensive patients take antihypertensive drugs before going to bed?
Answer: To prevent cerebral thrombosis caused by decreased blood pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow and slow blood flow during sleep.
49. What are the early warning signs of cancer?
A: Abnormal mass, abnormal bleeding and abnormal emaciation.
50. What do the typical symptoms of diabetes "three more and one less" mean?
A: Eat more, drink more and urinate more.
5 1. What is the "troika" for treating diabetes?
Answer: Drug therapy, diet therapy, exercise therapy, diabetes education and psychotherapy, and self-monitoring of illness.
Intransitive verbs to prevent infectious diseases
52. What is the route of transmission of hepatitis A?
A: It is spread through diet and faeces.
53. What is the main method to prevent hepatitis A?
A: Pay attention to food hygiene.
54. What are the routes of transmission of hepatitis B?
A: The transmission routes of hepatitis B are blood transmission, body fluid transmission, iatrogenic transmission and mother-to-child transmission.
55. What is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B?
Answer: Inject hepatitis B vaccine.
56. Can only dogs infect rabies?
A: Besides dogs, cats, bats and wolves are also infected with rabies.
57. What should I do after being bitten by a dog?
Answer: Wash the wound with 20% soapy water or 1% bromogeramine immediately, then disinfect the wound with iodine and alcohol, and inject rabies vaccine. Wounds should not be stitched or bandaged.
58. What is the source of infection of epidemic hemorrhagic fever?
A: Rodents are the main source of infection of hemorrhagic fever, and domestic cats can also spread the disease.
59. What is the main route of transmission of AIDS?
A: Through unclean sex, blood and mother-to-child transmission.
60. When is World AIDS Day?
A: Every year 65438+February 1.
6 1. What are the clinical manifestations of cholera patients?
A: Acute onset, painless diarrhea, jet vomiting, watery stool, dehydration, collapse, shock and other symptoms.
62. How to deal with patients with infectious diarrhea at home?
A: Keep patients in hospital as much as possible. After the symptoms disappeared, stool culture was negative twice before discharge. The contaminated daily necessities of patients before hospitalization should be thoroughly disinfected. Family members who are in close contact with patients' lives had better have a stool examination, and those with negative results should take preventive drugs orally.
63. What are the symptoms of dysentery?
A: Diarrhea, purulent bloody stool, acute diarrhea and then severe diarrhea.
64. What is the best way to prevent intestinal infectious diseases such as dysentery?
Answer: Pay attention to food hygiene and wash your hands frequently.
65. What is atypical pneumonia?
A: SARS is a highly contagious respiratory disease. At present, there are cases in some parts of China and many other countries and regions in the world. The World Health Organization calls SARS severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.
66. What are the "four efforts", "five noes" and "three persistences" to prevent SARS?
Answer: Four diligence, namely, frequent ventilation, frequent hand washing, frequent mouthwashing and frequent drinking. Five noes, that is, don't rub your eyes, pick your nose, lick your hands, drink raw water and use towels. Insist, that is, insist on timely and scientific disinfection of living environment and daily necessities; Adhere to the patriotic health campaign, keep poultry and livestock in captivity, eliminate rats, flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches, and keep indoor and outdoor clean and hygienic; Insist on believing in science, change customs, and weddings and funerals are not a big deal.
67. What is avian influenza?
A: Avian influenza is short for avian influenza. It is an infectious disease caused by a subtype of influenza A virus (also known as avian influenza virus). It is classified as a Class A infectious disease by the International Bureau of Animal Diseases, also known as true chicken plague or European chicken plague. According to the different types of pathogens, avian influenza can be divided into three categories: highly pathogenic, low pathogenic and non-pathogenic avian influenza.
68. In what ways does bird flu cause human illness?
Answer: 1) is transmitted by respiratory droplets and air. When sick birds cough and sing, they spray droplets floating in the air with H5N 1 virus, and people are infected by inhaling respiratory tract. (2) through the digestive tract infection. Eating meat and its products, eggs, water and food contaminated by sick birds, eating utensils and drinking utensils contaminated by sick birds, or eating with contaminated hands, is infected and gets sick. (3) The damaged skin and conjunctiva are easily infected with H5N 1 virus.
Seven. Preventive health care
69. What is the correct way to brush your teeth?
Answer: the upper teeth are from top to bottom, and the lower teeth are from bottom to top, so that the toothbrush can rotate up and down slightly parallel to the tooth axis.
70. What should be the correct reading and writing posture?
Answer: The eye is one foot away from the book, the chest is one punch away from the table, and the hand is one inch away from the pen tip.
7 1, where is the sphygmomanometer when measuring blood pressure?
A: It should be parallel to the heart of the subject.
72. Sunbathing through glass can help the human body absorb calcium?
A: Yes.
73. What should I do if my hands are red and swollen?
Answer: Rinse with tap water immediately.
74, someone gas poisoning, how to do?
Answer: immediately open the window for ventilation and move the patient to a fresh air place.
75. What are the main measures after finding an electric shock?
A: Cut off the power supply.
76. Should air-conditioned rooms often be ventilated with windows?
I am a master of medicine, a senior nutrition and health care division and a senior psychological counselor.
If in doubt, kofj@sina