After graduation, students majoring in animal medicine can engage in animal husbandry and veterinary management, inspection of import and export animals and their products, meat hygiene inspection, feed industry, food safety, environmental protection, diagnosis and prevention of livestock and poultry diseases, medical care for companion animals, experimental animals, comparative medicine, public health, biology and so on. If you don't want to be a veterinarian or open your own pet clinic like most students, you can also go to an animal quarantine station or an animal production enterprise. If you are interested in animal infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and bird flu, I suggest you continue your studies and stay in universities or research institutions to specialize in this field in the future.
First, the necessary major professional abilities.
1. Master the basic theories of basic animal medicine, preventive medicine and clinical medicine, the pathogenic factors, the occurrence, development and transfer of diseases, and the basic knowledge of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and animal husbandry science;
2. Have the skills of factor analysis, inspection, correct use and development of drugs, routine and instrumental diagnosis, main treatment methods and animal quarantine;
3 master the skills of epidemic prevention, animal food hygiene inspection, veterinary law enforcement, health care, disease diagnosis and treatment of companion animals and pets in standardized livestock and poultry farms;
4. Have the awareness and basic knowledge of sustainable development of animal husbandry, understand the frontier and development trend of life science and the application prospect of related technologies in natural science;
5 familiar with the national animal production, animal medicine development planning, veterinary epidemic prevention and quarantine, environmental protection, animal import and export quarantine, veterinary administrative law enforcement and other relevant guidelines, policies and regulations;
6. Master the basic methods of literature retrieval, data query and Internet, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability.
Second, the employment prospects
At present, the research scope of animal medicine is no longer limited to animal husbandry, but extended to public health, social preventive medicine, companion animal and ornamental animal medical care and food hygiene, environmental protection, pharmaceutical industry and many other fields. Especially with more and more people owning pets, pet lovers regard pets as family members, and the market of pet hospitals and pet beauty salons rises rapidly, especially the Ministry of Labor and Social Security officially lists "pet health workers" as a new occupation, which means that many practitioners related to animal medicine are needed. In recent years, the status of veterinarians in society has gradually improved. Looking at the overall situation, the development of the industry is gratifying. Especially in recent years, the employment situation of other majors has been in a state of decline or sharp decline, and only the employment situation of animal science (including animal medicine) has shown a gratifying growth trend.
Third, the direction of employment
After graduating from Animal Medical College, there are many specialties linked to specialties. Because there are many scientific research fields of veterinary medicine, besides the prevention and treatment of livestock and poultry diseases is a very important task in veterinary work, it also extends to the fields of medicine, biology, environmental protection, aerospace medicine and so on, and is more closely integrated with biology and medicine. After graduation, my work mainly includes the following aspects:
First, the veterinary administrative departments at all levels of government enforce the law.
Second, control human and animal diseases and ensure human and animal health.
There are more than 250 kinds of infectious and parasitic diseases of livestock, poultry and wild animals in the world, including brucellosis in cattle and sheep, rabies, anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, Japanese encephalitis, schistosomiasis and kala-azar. The spread of these epidemics is directly related to living habits, food hygiene and environmental conditions, so it requires the joint efforts of doctors and veterinarians, who are generally highly scientific.
The third is the veterinary health inspection of animal food and livestock products such as milk, meat, eggs and fur.
With the development of industrial and agricultural production, industrial sewage and various agricultural chemicals are widely used. Some chemicals, insect repellents, antibiotics, hormones and other therapeutic drugs, as well as the application of radioactive substances, as well as mycotoxins in beverages and feeds, often make their residual toxins enter livestock through various channels. However, when the residues of these toxic substances exceed a certain limit, their livestock products will cause serious harm to human beings, and some will even cause cancer, teratogenicity and mutation. If people eat these foods with high toxic content for a long time, they will accumulate in the body and pass them on to future generations. As far as China is concerned, with the continuous improvement of people's material living standards, the food structure is also changing, and the demand for animal food and high-grade fur fabrics is increasing day by day. Veterinary health inspection of livestock products such as milk, meat, eggs and fur is becoming more and more important, especially in today's increasingly high voice of "returning to nature", so this industry has great development prospects.
Fourth, quarantine of import and export animals and livestock products.
With the further development of foreign trade and international exchange, the international exchange of excellent breeding animals, breeding birds, experimental animals or wild precious animals and the import and export of livestock products are increasing. In order to prevent the spread of animal diseases between countries, it is necessary to set up quarantine institutions in airports, seaports, railways, highways and other departments to do a good job in quarantine of animals and animal products entering and leaving the country. It requires quarantine workers to have higher modern veterinary scientific quarantine skills and higher political quality.
Fifth, ornamental and companion animal health care, disease prevention and control.
Sixth, develop veterinary biopharmaceuticals.
Using the basic knowledge of microbiology, immunology and biochemistry, genetic engineering technology is applied to produce efficient vaccines, vaccines, immune sera and diagnostic solutions. All kinds of domestic animals are free from the threat of diseases and can realize high-density intensive aquaculture. The attenuated vaccine of classical swine fever, attenuated vaccine of equine transmission and Marek's disease developed in China all occupy the leading position in the world. As far as this industry is concerned, it may go to pharmaceutical factories (veterinarians) and of course scientific research institutions. Judging from the current situation of various domestic livestock and poultry, this industry is promising.
Seventh, develop experimental animals.
Experimental animals have a wide range of applications, involving various disciplines of biological science. In the detection of toxic substances in industry and food, environmental monitoring, pollution countermeasures, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery production, especially in medical and biological research, it is necessary to carry out scientific experiments with high-standard experimental animals to verify the effects of drugs, test toxicity, test carcinogenic and teratogenic substances, and explore life phenomena in deep sea and high-altitude space flight. If this animal is used in scientific research, all kinds of interference factors that affect the experimental results can be eliminated, and high-level experimental results with good accuracy, reliability and repeatability can be obtained. This kind of high-quality experimental animal is called "high, precise and sharp biological instrument". Many scientists summarize the essential conditions of modern scientific research into four basic elements: experimental animals, instruments and equipment, intelligence information and reagents. It can be seen that experimental animals have become an indispensable factor in modern life science research, and veterinarians shoulder the responsibility of developing experimental animal science. The development prospect of this industry is also obvious.
According to the employment situation of agricultural colleges and universities, the employment situation of graduates majoring in animal medicine is optimistic in recent years, and the treatment of jobs is better. With the continuous prosperity of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the lifestyle will gradually change from traditional grain and vegetables to meat, and attention will be paid to the quality and safety of meat products. Under this trend, it is also an inevitable trend to improve the quantity of livestock production and the quality of meat products. In the process of realizing the industrialization of animal husbandry, the social demand for animal medicine professionals is on the rise.
Fourth, the postgraduate entrance examination
1, postgraduate direction 1: Veterinary.
Veterinary specialty refers to the industry or personnel engaged in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases. The main task is to study and implement the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, quarantine and health inspection of livestock and poultry diseases. With the expansion of animal husbandry in China, there are more and more employees in animal husbandry workplaces. Animal husbandry and veterinary specialty, once considered as "unpopular enrollment", has now become a new growth point in the job market, and some higher vocational colleges even have the phenomenon that many enterprises compete to book graduates of animal husbandry and veterinary specialty.
2. Postgraduate Orientation 2: Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Preventive veterinary medicine is a science that studies the pathogenic characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, epidemic law, disease diagnosis, prevention and control principles and technologies of animal infectious diseases and animal parasitic diseases. This subject consists of animal parasitology and parasitology, animal infectious diseases and preventive veterinary medicine, veterinary microbiology and immunology. The research scope covers all kinds of pathogenic parasites, microorganisms, animals and their infected people, and goes deep into animal groups, individuals, cells and molecules.
0 1 Biological research on animal disease pathogens: animal immunology research; Study on epidemiology and control countermeasures of animal diseases: research on human and animal diseases and food safety; Animal transgenic and biopharmaceutical research; Application of high technology in the field of preventive veterinary medicine.
3. Postgraduate Direction 3: Basic Veterinary Medicine
"Basic Veterinary Medicine" is one of the first-class disciplines of "Veterinary Medicine". This subject studies the morphological structure, life activity law, disease occurrence and drug action of animals. This course includes animal anatomy and histology and embryology, animal physiology, animal biochemistry, veterinary pharmacology and toxicology and veterinary pathology. This discipline pays attention to the whole research and carries out research at the cellular and molecular levels, laying a foundation for further clarifying life phenomena and guiding animal husbandry production. Professional direction:
0 1 Animal Anatomy and Histoembryology; Veterinary pharmacology and toxicology; Veterinary pathology; Animal biochemistry and molecular biology.
4. Postgraduate direction 4: Clinical Veterinary Medicine
Clinical Veterinary Medicine is the two disciplines under the first-class discipline of Veterinary Medicine. This subject studies the etiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment of non-communicable diseases and non-invasive animal diseases. This subject consists of veterinary internal medicine, veterinary surgery, veterinary obstetrics, clinical diagnostics and Chinese veterinary medicine. Directly serve veterinary clinic, ensure animal health and promote the development of animal husbandry. It is also an important related subject of human medicine. Professional direction:
(0 1) Animal embryo engineering; (02) Animal reproductive endocrinology; (03) Animal poisoning and toxicology; (04) Animal clinical diseases.
5. Postgraduate direction 5: Animal husbandry related direction.