Psychological nursing Diabetes is a lifelong disease, and the treatment needs to be carried out for a long time. And chronic complications can spread all over the important organs of the whole body, and patients often have anxiety, fear and disappointment. It is necessary to encourage patients to maintain a happy mood and establish confidence in overcoming the disease. We must firmly believe that diabetes can't be cured, but if it is well controlled, we can still enjoy the same life span as normal people.
Dietary care and dietary guidance are basic treatment measures, which can lower blood sugar and reduce the burden of islet cells. Some patients' blood sugar completely returned to normal after diet treatment.
Attention points: ① The calorie standard of children, pregnant women, nursing mothers and malnourished people should be increased by about 5kcal/kg every day. ② The daily protein 1.5 ~ 2.0g/kg for patients with malnutrition or hypoproteinemia, and the daily protein for patients with renal insufficiency is less than 0.6g/kg. (3) It is best to eat foods rich in crude fiber, such as brown rice, noodles and vegetables. Because a diet rich in crude fiber can increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, promote emptying, reduce digestion and absorption, and help control hyperglycemia. (4) Reasonable arrangement of dietary structure. Vegetables should be mainly Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, rape, white radish, water spinach and celery with less sugar content. Bananas, watermelons, pears and other fruits have high sugar content and should not be eaten more. ⑤ Vegetable oil should be used for cooking.
Exercise nursing exercise therapy is an auxiliary therapy, which can promote the oxidation of sugar and increase the sensitivity of insulin, thus achieving the purpose of lowering blood sugar. You can choose the way and amount of exercise under the guidance of a doctor so that you won't feel tired. There are also Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, walking, etc. There should be continuity and persistence. In order to avoid hypoglycemia, it is best to take candy when the blood sugar is high after meals.
Drug-guided insulin can promote the synthesis and storage of glycogen and fat, promote the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid, and accelerate the uptake, storage and utilization of glucose in blood by various tissues. Therefore, in the case that oral hypoglycemic agents are still not controlled, insulin should be used as soon as possible, which can effectively control blood sugar and reduce complications. Therefore, patients should be taught to inject insulin by themselves after discharge.
Nephropathy nursing:
1, Rest Patients with kidney disease should pay attention to rest, and don't exercise excessively, otherwise the condition will be aggravated, such as the change of urine test will be aggravated, urine protein or hematuria will increase, and they will get better or return to the original level after rest. In principle, people with normal renal function should take part in some mild recreational activities to prevent excessive and intense exercise.
2. Self-protection and anti-infective nephropathy patients, when the body's disease resistance declines and various infections occur, nephritis will aggravate or acute activities. The most common infection sites are throat and respiratory tract, followed by skin and other parts. Therefore, prevent cold and dampness, eat less dry and irritating food, pay attention to oral cleaning, keep skin clean, and occasionally protect it in time to prevent bacterial invasion.
3. Diet: The diet of patients with kidney disease needs a low-protein and low-salt diet. If patients with nephropathy eat a high-salt diet, it will aggravate glomerulosclerosis and accelerate the decline of renal function. Insufficient intake will lead to malnutrition, reduce the body's disease resistance, and is not good for the human body. Under normal circumstances, the intake of protein is about 60 grams per day. The specific intake should be adjusted regularly according to the albumin content of blood and physical condition.
4. Self-massage of patients with kidney disease should learn to relieve pain through reasonable massage methods, which is also very necessary to reduce the degree of kidney damage. Rubbing the waist and rubbing the eyes: after rubbing the hands, press the waist tightly and rub it hard for 30 times. Enhance renal function. Massage menu: massage your hands on the abdomen menu for 30-50 times. Dantian is the place where human qi and essence condense, and it is the foundation of human life. If this method is often used, it can enhance human immune function and improve human resistance, so as to achieve the purpose of tonifying kidney and strengthening body, which is conducive to prolonging life.