(1) antibacterial effect Garlic has strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and can inhibit or kill various cocci, bacilli, fungi and viruses. Doctors call garlic "a natural broad-spectrum antibiotic" and "an antibiotic that grows underground". The antibacterial effect of garlic mainly comes from allicin (also known as allicin), which has obvious inhibitory or killing effects on a variety of pathogenic bacteria, such as staphylococcus, meningitis, pneumococci, streptococcus, diphtheria, dysentery, Escherichia coli, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, pertussis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, etc., and can be used to treat acute bacillary dysentery, pertussis, infantile diarrhea, lobar pneumonia, tuberculosis, wound suppuration, and trachoma. Allicin can inhibit or kill many pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans. At low concentration, it mainly inhibits the growth of fungi, and at high concentration, it can completely kill fungi. Clinically, it is used to treat pulmonary and digestive tract fungal infection, Candida albicans toxemia, children dyspepsia caused by Candida albicans, fungal keratitis, neonatal thrush, tinea capitis, etc. Allicin has obvious antibacterial and bactericidal effects on digestive tract bacteria. Can effectively treat gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer related to Helicobacter pylori (HP). Allicin also has a good effect on treating diarrhea caused by chronic colitis. Experiments show that some bacteria resistant to antibiotics, such as penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and chlortetracycline, are still sensitive to garlic. Purple garlic has stronger antibacterial effect than white garlic.
The application of garlic in veterinary clinic and feed additives shows broad development prospects. It is reported that washing and peeling purple garlic, squeezing juice and adding water to make 20% garlic juice, 2 ~ 3 times a day for 2 ~ 3 days, can prevent calf diarrhea. Take garlic 10g, mash it, add starch 30g, and give sick pigs 500ml of water 1 time a day, which can treat pig gastroenteritis. Take 20g of garlic, heat it with slow fire, mash it, add 5ml of Belladonna tincture and 500ml of water, and give it to sick pigs once a day/kloc-0, which can treat cold diarrhea in pigs. Garlic is made into injection and injected intravenously 1 ~ 2 times a day for 3 ~ 7 days, which can treat swine tetanus. Pouring garlic into mud or squeezing juice and applying it to livestock wounds can obviously increase the number of white blood cells and promote wound healing. As a feed additive, garlic has also achieved satisfactory results, such as increasing the appetite of livestock and poultry, improving gastrointestinal function and feed conversion rate, accelerating growth and development, and preventing gastrointestinal diseases. Adding 0. 1% garlic dry powder to chick diet can stimulate appetite and prevent pullorum disease, coccidiosis and paratyphoid fever in chicks. Feeding garlic to pigs can prevent pinworm, roundworm and hookworm. Peel garlic, add the same amount of cold boiled water and grind it into slurry. After filtration, garlic juice is added to feed at a ratio of 3% and stirred evenly, which can prevent feed from becoming moldy and prevent gastrointestinal diseases of livestock and poultry. In recent years, an improved allicin feed additive has been developed, that is, adding trace element iodine into allicin feed additive, which has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, removing spots and detoxifying, sterilizing and inhibiting bacteria, promoting growth and so on, and the feeding effect is obvious.
Garlic is harmful to fungal diseases of plants, such as powdery mildew and damping-off of melons; Pathogens such as Fusarium wilt, tomato early blight, gray mold, celery leaf blight, cotton anthracnose, damping-off disease and wheat rust can inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth. 40 1 and 402 are fungicides made of garlic. In addition, garlic can also kill some pests that harm plants, such as red spiders, aphids, mites, nematodes and so on. (2) Antiworm effect: 5% ~ 15% garlic aqueous suspension can directly kill amoeba, and purple garlic is better than white garlic. Trichomonas vaginalis can be inactivated by 5% garlic filtrate for 5 minutes. Clinical trials have also proved that garlic has a good therapeutic effect on amebic dysentery and trichomonal vaginitis. Cryptosporidium is a newly discovered pathogen, which can cause infantile diarrhea. At present, there is no specific medicine for diarrhea caused by cryptosporidium, and domestic trials of allicin have achieved good results. Allicin can also effectively kill Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, and has obvious anti-Toxoplasma gondii infection, especially anti-toxoplasmosis recurrence. (3) The clinical study of antiviral effect found that allicin had obvious preventive and therapeutic effect on cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant recipients. The destruction rate of allicin diallyl dithiol solution on hepatitis B virus surface antigen reached 43.5%, which proved that allicin had a certain destruction effect on hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Garlic has a good inhibitory effect on influenza and herpes zoster virus. (4) Hypolipidemic effect Allicin can effectively reduce plasma total cholesterol, blood pressure, platelet activity, hematocrit and blood viscosity. Studies have shown that allicin has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, dispelling cold and dredging collaterals, and has achieved good results in the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and peripheral vascular diseases. Allicin tablets can also reduce the level of plasma endothelin, which is of great significance for preventing and relieving coronary artery spasm and reducing peripheral vascular tension. Allicin tablets are also beneficial to prevent coronary artery spasm, make the body in a state of coronary artery relaxation, and effectively reduce or eliminate the occurrence of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (5) Hypoglycemic effect: Different doses of allicin can reduce the blood sugar value, and its hypoglycemic effect is mainly achieved by increasing the serum insulin level. Moreover, allicin combines with fat, sugar and protein in vivo to produce lipid allicin, sugar allicin and compound protein, which have the same effect as vitamin E. Vitamin E not only has antioxidant effect, but also improves insulin. The key is to maintain the integrity of endoplasmic reticulum structure of islet endocrine cells and ensure the synthesis and secretion of insulin. (6) Effects on cardiovascular system Allicin can slow down sinus heart rate, inhibit myocardial contraction and resist arrhythmia. Domestic experts pointed out that allicin can play an anti-arrhythmia role by prolonging the effective refractory period of myocardial cells and reducing self-discipline, so it can be used for arrhythmia based on rapid heart rate, such as premature beats and tachycardia, and can be used as adjuvant therapy. (7) The effect on tumor cells has been proved by experiments. Allicin can prevent the occurrence of gastric cancer. It can obviously inhibit the growth of nitrate-reducing bacteria isolated from gastric juice and its ability to produce nitrite, and reduce the nitrite content in human gastric juice, thus reducing the risk of gastric cancer. Allicin has a direct killing effect on tumor cells. Allicin can also inhibit the growth of skin cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and liver cancer cells. One reason is that garlic can prevent the formation of free radicals, thus reducing the chance of damaging DNA, cell membrane and cell protein. (8) Effect on immune system Allicin is a good immune stimulating Chinese herbal medicine, which can activate macrophages in vivo, enhance their phagocytosis of foreign bodies, and improve cellular immunity, humoral immunity and nonspecific immunity. The effect of allicin on removing lead is persistent, and it can effectively remove the accumulated lead in the body. In addition, allicin also has the health care functions of removing dandruff, relieving itching, preventing neuralgia, treating mercury poisoning, resisting radiation, resisting oxidation, protecting biofilm, resisting aging, preventing mosquito bites and catching cold. (9) Other functional garlic can also treat atrophic gastritis and various chronic stomach diseases, and obviously improve symptoms such as discomfort, fullness, dull pain, acid regurgitation, belching, burning, loss of appetite, etc. Garlic has a good protective effect on chemical liver injury, which can inhibit the damage of lipid peroxide to membrane structure, improve enzyme activity and increase the detoxification function of liver, thus protecting the liver and even the whole body. Garlic can increase the level of cyclic adenylate in the liver, regulate the membrane transport of lipid metabolism and cell proliferation, and increase the activity of enzymes, thereby increasing the hydrolysis of blood lipids, reducing biosynthesis, increasing the excretion of blood lipid components, and maintaining the lipoprotein and triglyceride in serum, liver and kidney within the normal range, thus achieving the purpose of preventing and treating fatty liver.