In the past year, we have heard many news of sudden death. From a medical point of view, they died suddenly, but fundamentally, these diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, are not short-term benefits. In fact, some hidden dangers are buried early, such as? Time bomb? Same.
These? Time bomb? It is a high risk factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as lack of exercise, smoking, drinking, long-term hypertension and other unhealthy lifestyles, as well as some chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. But the reality is that many people don't care about the influence of lifestyle, and even regard these asymptomatic chronic diseases as diseases.
Besides, many people don't have time to pay attention to these potentials? Time bomb? , leading to the deterioration of the condition, and finally inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
If effective health management or chronic disease management is carried out, can the occurrence of tragedy be greatly reduced by early intervention on risk factors that may lead to diseases? The answer is yes. So what is the significance of health management, how far away from ordinary people and how helpful it is to our health?
What is health management?
Health management was first put forward in the United States in the late 1950s. It aims to prevent and control the occurrence and development of diseases, reduce medical expenses and improve the quality of life. Provide health education to individuals and groups, improve their self-management awareness and level, and continuously improve health risk factors related to their lifestyles through health information collection, health testing, health assessment, personalized management plan and health intervention.
With the continuous enrichment and development of practical business content, health management has gradually developed into a set of professional system solutions and operations. Different from traditional medical institutions such as hospitals, professional health management companies began to appear, providing systematic professional health management services as third-party service institutions and medical insurance institutions or directly facing individual needs.
Relatively narrow sense of health management refers to the establishment of exclusive health records based on physical examination results, health status assessment and targeted personalized health management programs (prescriptions). Accordingly, professionals provide one-to-one consultation guidance and follow-up consultation services, so that customers can obtain comprehensive health maintenance and security services from the perspectives of society, psychology, environment, nutrition and sports.
Scientific basis
The occurrence, development and risk factors of diseases, especially chronic non-communicable diseases, are the intervention and scientific basis of health management. Everyone will experience the development process from health to disease.
Generally speaking, it is from health to low-risk state, then to high-risk state, then to early pathological changes, clinical symptoms, and finally to onset. This process can be very long, often taking several years to ten years or even decades. And it is highly related to human genetic factors, social natural environment factors, medical conditions and personal lifestyle. There are also many subtle changes.
However, health management can help people to carry out targeted preventive intervention before the formation of diseases by systematically detecting and evaluating the risk factors of possible diseases, and successfully block, delay or even reverse the occurrence and development of diseases, thus achieving the purpose of maintaining health.
In the west, health management plan has become a very important part of the medical care system, and it has been proved that it can effectively reduce the risk of personal illness and reduce medical expenses. The experience of American health management proves that through effective active prevention and intervention, the probability of health management service participants taking medicine regularly according to the doctor's advice has increased by 50%, and the probability of their doctors prescribing more effective drugs and treatments has increased by 60%, thus reducing the comprehensive risk of health management service participants by 50%.
Characteristics of health management
Health management refers to the comprehensive management process of detecting, analyzing, evaluating and intervening the health risk factors of individuals or groups.
There are three main characteristics:
1. The focus of health management is to control health risk factors, including variable risk factors and immutable risk factors.
The former is a controllable factor changed by one's own behavior, such as unreasonable diet, lack of exercise, unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and drinking, abnormal factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
The latter is not controlled by individuals, such as age, gender, family history and other factors.
Second, health management reflects the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention:
Primary prevention, that is, disease-free prevention, also known as etiological prevention, is to take measures against the causes or risk factors before the disease (or injury) occurs, so as to enhance the individual's ability to resist harmful exposure, prevent the occurrence of disease (or injury), or at least delay the occurrence of disease.
Secondary prevention, that is, early detection and early treatment of diseases, is also called preclinical prevention (or preclinical prevention), that is, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases? Three mornings? Preventive measures. This level of prevention is through early detection, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, so as to prevent the disease from changing in the early clinical stage or early clinical stage, so that the disease can be found and treated early.
Three-level prevention, that is, treating diseases and preventing disabilities, is also called clinical prevention. Tertiary prevention can prevent disability, promote functional recovery, improve quality of life, prolong life and reduce mortality. Third, the service process of health management is a circular operation.
The implementation links of health management include health monitoring (collecting customers' personal health information is the premise and foundation for continuous implementation of health management), health assessment (predicting the risks of various diseases is the fundamental guarantee for implementing health management) and health intervention (helping customers take actions to control risk factors is the ultimate goal of implementing health management).
The whole service process, through these three links, is constantly circulating to reduce or reduce the number and level of risk factors and maintain a low risk level.
Significance of implementation
Health management is not only an idea, but also a method. It is also a perfect and thoughtful service process. Its purpose is to make patients and healthy people better recover, maintain and promote health, save money and effectively reduce medical expenses.
A large number of preventive medicine studies at home and abroad show that spending 1 yuan on prevention can pay 8.59 yuan for medicine, and 100 yuan for rescue, lost time and escort.
In the United States, where health management was first born, health management developed rapidly. There are 77 million people in the United States who enjoy medical services in about 650 health management organizations, and more than 90 million people in the United States have become users of health management plans.
Authoritative prophecy
2 1 century is the century of health management.
First, reduce the cost of medical expenses.
Participants and non-participants in health management spend less than $200 per person per year on average, which shows that health management participants save $4.4 million in medical expenses each year.
Second, reduce hospitalization time.
Among hospitalized patients, the average hospitalization time of health management participants is two days shorter than that of non-participants, and the average hospitalization cost of participants is 509 dollars less than that of non-participants. During the four-year study period, patients who received health management saved $654.38+$4600 in hospitalization expenses.
Third, health management is a long-term process, but it pays off quickly.
The return on investment of health management participants for two years or less is: the total net medical expenses of participants are reduced by an average of $75 per year.
Fourth, reduce the health risk factors of the managed.
Participants with two or less health risk factors increased from 24% to 34% (with the increase of age, human health risk factors will inevitably increase); The number of participants with 3 to 5 health risk factors decreased from 56% to 52%. The number of participants with six or more health risk factors decreased from 265,438+0% to 65,438+04%.
Personal health management
Personal health management is to provide professional health management services such as health education, health assessment, health promotion, health follow-up, health monitoring, medical guidance, and accompanying diagnosis based on personal living habits, personal medical history, personal physical examination and other data analysis. Who needs professional health management services? Everyone says health management. Do you know what health management is?
A healthy person who loves health has realized the importance of health. However, due to the lack of health knowledge, they hope to get scientific, professional, systematic and personalized health education and guidance, and plan to maintain a low risk level of health hazards and enjoy a healthy life through regular health assessment.
Second, in Asia, a healthy person has symptoms such as weakness of limbs, fatigue and lack of sleep. Due to the pressure of different industries, social competition and family burden, I know I am in a healthy state in Asia, but I don't know how to improve it. It is strongly urged to take measures to improve work efficiency and overall health level.
3. Patients want to actively participate in the improvement of their own health while receiving treatment. In the process of clinical treatment, it is necessary to improve the living environment and behavior in an all-round way in order to monitor the risk factors, reduce the risk level, delay the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life.
At present, in western developed countries, health management has covered most people, and hundreds of millions of people benefit from it every year, improving the quality of life and prolonging life. It can be said that health management has made great contributions to national health. In China, health management is also developing steadily, and various policies also strongly support the development of health management.