Life 1 Lecture Draft I, Teaching Materials
"The Origin of Life" is the content of section 2 1 chapter of Unit 7 of the eighth grade biology book II, which belongs to the related content of biodiversity and is one of the top ten first-level themes in the curriculum standard. The teaching content of this chapter starts from the origin of life, to biological evolution, and finally pays attention to the origin and development of human beings. The origin of life is the first section of this chapter and the historical starting point of biological evolution. This paper mainly introduces the process of biological origin, which plays a theoretical supporting role for continuing to learn the process and reasons of biological evolution.
Second, talk about learning.
Myths and religious stories such as "Pangu opened the sky", "rotten grass turned into fireflies", "Nu Wa made man" and "Genesis" all involve the origin of life. Students should be able to get some information from many aspects, but this information is often biased and unscientific. Because of the long history involved in this section, students can't get a direct perceptual knowledge, so it is difficult to understand the composition difference between the original atmosphere and the present atmosphere, and the energy source of inorganic synthetic organic matter. In view of this, teachers should make full use of pictures, words and other materials in teaching and prepare multimedia materials so that students can gradually understand the chemical evolution process of the origin of life.
Third, talk about teaching objectives.
1. Compare and distinguish the main viewpoints about the origin of life, such as creationism, natural occurrence, life, cosmic life and chemical evolution; Describe the process of chemical evolution.
2. Through the analysis of several important experiments in this course, improve the ability of experimental analysis.
3. By discussing the origin of life on earth, we can form a scientific quality that dares to question.
Fourth, talk about the difficulties in teaching.
According to the requirements of curriculum standards for knowledge objectives, Reddy's experiment and Pasteur's experiment, chemical evolution process and Miller's experiment are the key contents of this course, while the chemical evolution process under the condition of primitive earth is the difficulty of this course.
V. preaching the law
According to the characteristics of this class and the students' situation, I adopted situation creation, interactive inquiry, group cooperation, teacher guidance, students' autonomous learning and comparative method. Make full use of pictures and videos to show the process of chemical evolution, create a certain learning situation for students, mobilize students' senses and stimulate students' interest in learning.
Sixth, talk about the teaching process.
1, introduce a new lesson
Activity lead-in: Ask students to briefly describe their collected fairy tales about life before class. Students can tell myths, legends or religious stories such as "Pangu opened the sky", "Nu Wa created man" and "Genesis" through data collection before class. I gave an encouraging evaluation to the students' descriptions in time, and then asked: Do you agree with creationism? How on earth did life happen? This leads to the topic-the origin of life. Through activities, arouse students' enthusiasm for learning, and at the same time let students realize the mistakes of creationism.
2. New lessons.
This part will be divided into the following three links:
Link 1: spontaneous occurrence theory
The teacher simply tells the students the main points of spontaneous generation theory through multimedia: life naturally occurs from inanimate substances, such as "rotten grass turns into fireflies" and "carrion gives birth to maggots".
Link 2: Theory of Life and Death
Show students the experimental video of Pasteur Goose Neck Bottle, and guide students to think and discuss the following questions:
(1) Who finally proved through experiments that "the microorganisms in carrion are not from the meat itself, but from microorganisms"?
(2) The Goose Neck Bottle Experiment completely negates the theory of spontaneous occurrence and establishes the theory of life and death. What are the main points of the theory of life and death?
Through this link, students can have a clear understanding of Pasteur's experiment and make clear the main point of the living theory: biology can only come from biology, and can't be spontaneously produced by abiotic substances at any time.
Then I wondered: Why didn't life and the theory of life solve the problem of the origin of life? This leads to the third link.
Link 3: Theory of Chemical Evolution
Firstly, the main viewpoint of the theory of cosmic life is briefly introduced: life comes from the outer space of the earth. Then the viewpoint of chemical evolution theory is expounded: the primitive life on the earth evolved from inanimate substances after an extremely long process of chemical evolution. In order to make students understand this view further, I will play an animation of the chemical evolution process of the origin of life, so that students can understand the three stages of the chemical evolution process as a whole. When students have a perceptual knowledge of the process of chemical evolution, please summarize the places, conditions and substances produced in each stage in groups. On the basis of students' reports, the teacher supplemented the schematic diagram of chemical evolution process with board drawing.
In this way, through the intuitive demonstration of animation, group discussion and drawing schematic diagrams, the abstraction is turned into an intuitive image, which reduces the learning difficulty of students and thus breaks through the difficulty of this lesson.
Continue to doubt: Can small organic molecules be formed under primitive earth conditions? This leads to Miller's experiment. The teacher first explained Miller's experimental device and process. At the same time, show the following questions on PPT:
(1) What phenomenon did the spark point in the experiment simulate on the primitive earth? The condenser can condense the reacted gas and water vapor into liquid. What process does this simulate?
(2) Which stage of the origin of life is supported by Miller's experimental results?
In this way, students can independently analyze Miller's experimental device and results, and come to the conclusion that simple organic small molecules are synthesized from inorganic substances. It improves students' ability to observe, analyze and solve problems with what they have learned.
After that, the teacher supplemented the students with the relevant contents of "hot spring nozzle" and the experiments of synthetic crystalline bovine insulin and synthetic nucleic acid, which made the students agree that chemical evolution is possible and can also enhance national pride.
Step 3 summarize your homework
By comparing several main viewpoints on the origin of life with those listed by students, students can further sort out their knowledge, make clear the important and difficult points of this lesson and reduce the burden.
Ask students to collect the latest reports about the origin of life through the internet, newspapers and other media after class, and communicate with students. Improve the ability of collecting data and make students realize that scientific inquiry is endless.
Lecture notes of life 2. Let's talk about the textbook and the goals, key points and difficulties to be achieved in this class.
The Prescription of Life tells the story of Deno, a boy of 14 years old, who was infected with AIDS through blood transfusion under the treatment and company of Eddie, showing the pure and kind friendship between the two friends. It is with the care of friends and the care of life that Deno, who lives in a helpless and lonely world, gets happiness and inner comfort.
By studying literature, we can achieve the following goals:
1, can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.
2. Understand the meaning of keywords in the context, understand the main content of the text, and feel the sincere feelings and profound friendship between Eddie and Deno from their stories. Understand the true meaning of "the prescription of life".
Feeling the deep friendship between Eddie and Deno and understanding the meaning of the topic are the key and difficult points of the whole paper.
Second, say intention.
How to share this touching friendship with students in a class, so that students' hearts are strongly shocked? An all-encompassing approach may take care of one thing and ignore another. Simple and effective teaching design makes students gain something in this class, which is my goal in the teaching of this class. This is a text with strong human nature. Therefore, children will have this understanding of the theme of the article, but this understanding varies from person to person, more or less, deep or shallow. How to guide children to understand deeply and pursue a conflicting class by reading the text carefully is the embodiment of my teaching method in this class. I think, in the classroom, we can actively awaken students' thinking again and again, so that children can really gain something from reading teaching. At the same time, while emphasizing the humanistic spirit, we strive to realize the instrumentality of Chinese.
Third, design.
First, question the import.
1. The blackboard says: Prescription, son, when do we need a prescription?
2. blackboard writing: do you have any questions about such a topic in life?
Design intention: These problems are not deeply understood, but only involved in the later teaching. Here, just guide students to question the topic and stimulate reading interest.
Second, the first reading perception
1. With these questions, let's walk into the text together. I hope today's study will not only take away your doubts, but also leave you with more thoughts.
Design intention: to guide the learning direction of the whole class.
2. (Open the textbook) Through preview, I believe you can read this story correctly and fluently. However, children, I want to tell you that when the teacher finished reading this story, his heart was not calm, and many feelings turned into words flashing in his heart. Next, I want you to read this story silently. Later, you can also describe your feelings in one or a few sentences, ok? See if we're connected. (Beautiful, warm, sad ...)
Children, there is 1000 Hamlet for every 1000 readers. How happy it would be if we could have our own ideas every time we read.
Design intention: Pay attention to and cherish children's reading experience, let children understand that reading needs the voice of the heart, and each reading should have its own unique thinking to improve children's language expression ability.
4, I think, at this time, these two names, you will not be unfamiliar! Writing on the blackboard: Deno Eddie
After reading these two names, can you tell me what happened between them in the text? (Deno has AIDS, and Eddie finds a prescription for him. )
Design intention: With the previous reading experience, children must have something to say when they come into contact with these two names again, which also lays an effective foundation for children to summarize the main idea of the text. Stories are connected in series by names, and the overall perception of the theme of the text is natural.
Lecture Notes of Life 3 I Introduction of Stories and Penetration of Themes
1, the teacher told the students several touching stories, and used them to arouse the students' emotions. After asking stories: How do you feel after hearing these stories?
2. Through the students' answers, the teacher's camera blackboard was "moved". Then open the topic: Have you ever been moved by your parents' behavior? Maybe you've never felt this way before. Today, let's enjoy a beautiful essay "Touched by Life".
Second, read the text and feel moved.
(A) students independently read the text, summarize the content, the overall perception.
(2) Students read the text silently, draw the most touching content in the text and write down their feelings.
(3) Discuss in groups and talk about: What moved you in the text and why?
(4) Read aloud by name and exchange feelings.
1, learn "Dad is laughing ... It's good to have a daughter!"
Question: What was Dad's mood when I was born?
Read your father's words aloud. Can you feel his "great joy"? Read the sentences by name. )
(1) Did you find anything after reading the sentence?
A, inspire students to find out four sentences and the key words in the sentences, and summarize the meanings of the four sentences. Keywords: (anxiously waiting, happy beyond words, gentle and beautiful, it's good to have a daughter. )
Teacher's guidance: It is a good method to summarize the meaning of a paragraph or sentence by grasping the key words in the paragraph or sentence in the future. You can try more.
B, inspire students to find and analyze figurative sentences. Say figurative sentences. Can you say two figurative sentences like dad? Encourage students to use metaphors in their future writing. )
(2) talk about moving.
2. Learn "In the cold winter, put the diapers you use in my arms to warm up and then use them."
What do you feel after reading this sentence?
Dad's selfless care is only such a detail. What other details of life do you know also reflect dad's concern? Warm clothes and beds in winter, and try to see if the food is hot. )
4, learning "Another time, I fell from a Trojan horse, causing a concussion ... treatment time."
(1) Students learn independently and guide students to ask questions. I fell down. Why not describe "I" crying because of injury, but emphasize that my mother "Lacrimosa" is crying every day? (Students are free to express their opinions)
(2) Talking about moving: What did this incident make you feel?
(3) Read the sentences together.
(4) Question: What do you feel from this passage? How do you feel?
(5) Talking about moving:
(5) Read sentences and feel my parents' love for me.
Third, express emotional gratitude to parents.
1. Take out the things that you found at home before class to record your growth, tell the love story that happened to them, and exchange your growth feelings with your classmates.
2. Family quiz: Please close your eyes and imagine what you want to do for your parents at this moment if they are in front of you after a hard day's work.
Fourth, thank others for sublimating their feelings.
1, the little blackboard shows the sentence "I will respect all life bred by love".
(1) Understand "gestation".
(2) Guide students to understand the sentence by shortening the sentence: I (will) respect (all life bred by love)!
(3) Inspire students to illustrate their understanding of sentences with examples.
(4) the teacher's summary.
2, the small blackboard shows "I am grateful … because ……" Let the students talk about their growing feelings.
V. Collecting and accumulating to reveal the truth
1, arrange students to collect some sentences and stories about gratitude after class.
2. Teacher's summary: In our life, we will always experience the care of relatives, teachers, friends and society. Always being grateful will enrich our life, make our life full of warmth and sublimate our soul. A harmonious family, a harmonious collective and a harmonious society should not only be grateful, but also pay your love.
Lecture Notes of Life 4 I. teaching material analysis:
The Prescription of Life tells the story of Deno, a boy of 14 years old, who was infected with AIDS through blood transfusion under the treatment and company of Eddie, showing the pure and kind friendship between the two friends. It is the love between friends and their concern for life that brings happiness and inner comfort to Deno who lives in a helpless and lonely world. Physical diseases can be cured by drugs, while mental pain and loneliness can only be cured by life and the companionship and care of life. It is the key and difficult point of this paper to feel the deep friendship between Eddie and Deno and understand the significance of the theme through text research.
Second, the design concept
1, which reflects students' subjectivity and gives students the initiative in learning.
The Chinese Curriculum Standard points out that Chinese curriculum must be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' personality differences and different learning needs, care for students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. This course attempts to start from students' subjectivity, take "emotion" as the basis, take "reading comprehension" as the main line of training, and take "questioning" as the starting point, so that students can learn fully and independently. If you have questions about the topic after reading it, read the text with questions for the first time. Then, let the students read what Deno's mother said, ask questions again and learn the text. Students ask their own questions and solve them by reading the text under the guidance of the teacher. This reflects the students' subjectivity.
2. Insist on reading-based Chinese teaching, with reading passion, seeking enlightenment by reading and promoting writing by reading. Chinese curriculum standards require Chinese teaching to attach importance to reading aloud and cultivate students' sense of language in reading aloud. The text "The Prescription of Life" is a good material for reading aloud. The purpose is to create a situation and platform for students to want to read, be able to read and enjoy reading, such as showing sentences, reading with emotion after understanding sentences, teacher's model essay reading, reading guidance and so on.
3. Pay attention to the correct orientation of emotion, attitude and values.
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out that it is an important content of Chinese teaching to cultivate students' noble moral sentiment and healthy aesthetic taste, and to form correct values and positive attitude towards life, which should not be regarded as an external additional task. The learning activities of this class are mainly to feel the deep friendship between Eddie and Deno by studying literature, and to experience the power that great and selfless friendship brings to others.
Third, the teaching objectives
1, can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.
2. Understand the content of the text, cherish life, know how to be full of confidence at any time, and dare to fight against fate.
3. Deeply understand the meaning of the topic, take Deno's mother's words as a breakthrough, and experience the power that great and selfless friendship brings to others.
Fourth, preparation before class
1. Collect AIDS data before class.
2. courseware.
V. Default process:
Talk before class:
1, Teacher: Before class, will the teacher tell you a story first? A patient went to the hospital to see a doctor. Many patients came to the hospital that day. Finally, it's the patient's turn to see a doctor. When he told the doctor what was wrong with him, something unexpected happened. The patients ran out of the hospital in fright, shouting three words in horror as they ran. Do you know which three words are? (Blackboard: AIDS) What kind of disease is AIDS? Make so many people so scared? On the infectious characteristics of AIDS (only through blood and sexual transmission, shaking hands with AIDS patients will not be infected. )
Teacher: What do you want to say after hearing this story?
Design intention: Tell a short story before class, the purpose is to let students know people's ignorance and fear of AIDS, and pave the way for understanding Deno's experience in the future.
First, passion, situational introduction
1, Teacher: There is also an AIDS patient in today's text. The patient's name is Deno, and he is only ten years old. How did Deno spend the last period of his life? Let's go into the text "The Prescription of Life" (show the topic).
2. Look at the topic together and ask: When you first saw this topic, what questions did you have in your mind?
Ask the named students "the prescription of life". Please raise your hand if you have the same question as him. It seems that the question you asked is exactly what most students want to answer, and it is worth studying and thinking together. Solve the simplest problem first.
Design intention: to guide students to question the topic and sort out several main problems, which has certain guiding significance for learning this text.
Second, read through and feel for the first time.
1, requirements for reading the text with questions at the beginning:
(1) Read the text by yourself, read sentences fluently, and learn unfamiliar words by yourself. You can also ask the teacher.
② Think about what "the prescription of life" refers to.
Step 2 check the feedback
(1) What does "life prescription" mean?
Words on the blackboard: happiness and friendship
Are you satisfied with this answer?
3. Teacher: How do you know? It was Deno's mother, the unfortunate mother, who revealed the true meaning of "life prescription" for us:
Courseware demonstration:
Deno's mother was in tears. "No, Eddie, you found it." She gave Eddie a big hug. "Deno's biggest illness in this life is actually loneliness, and you gave him happiness and friendship. He has always been very satisfied with having you as a friend ... "
(1) Read what Deno's mother said. This prescription is full of heavy happiness and friendship.
(2) The mother who lost her son burst into tears. What are these tears besides the grief of losing your son? These are tears of gratitude, tears of happiness and tears of joy ...
(3) Teacher introduction:
Let's read this passage with gratitude, happiness and gratitude.
This is what Deno's mother said with mixed feelings of sadness and joy. Her words are intriguing. If you can understand this profound passage, you can also read this article. So how do you pronounce this passage? In the old way, please read this passage silently and ask some questions around Deno's mother's words.
Design intention: Take Deno's mother's words as a breakthrough, continue to guide students to ask questions, sort out a few questions to learn the text, and experience the strength brought by great selfless friendship to Deno. In addition, it also infiltrated the guidance of learning methods, suggesting that students should read a text, first of all, they should read profound words.
Third, follow the trend and feel lonely.
1. Why does Deno's mother say that Deno's biggest illness in this life is actually loneliness? Please read the text silently and find the answer in the text.
2. Feedback and random learning.
Courseware demonstration: the first sentence of the first paragraph.
(1) Read the name
From which word did you realize that he was lonely and helpless? (hide all)
Yes, as an AIDS patient, in addition to suffering from the disease, I have to suffer from alienation and discrimination from people around me. Can you use the words "misfortune" and "luck" to talk about your understanding of this sentence?
Let's read this sentence with sympathy for Deno and great respect for Eddie.
Courseware demonstration:
"That night, Deno was shivering with cold. He told Eddie in a weak voice that he dreamed of the universe 20 billion years ago. The light of the stars was so dark that he stayed there alone and couldn't find his way back. "
(1) We often say that "dreams are born from the heart". What kind of heart did you see through Deno's dream? (Lonely, afraid) Then would you please read that passage and read Deno's loneliness? Then please read that passage and read Deno's fear?
(2) Repeated reading:
Deno is unfortunate because he has to endure illness.
Handout of Life 5: Textbook:
The Prescription of Life is the second volume of the fourth grade of People's Education Press. When I first got the text and read it carefully, I was deeply moved by the friendship flowing everywhere in the article. Ten-year-old Deno was infected with AIDS, and Eddie never gave up. Make him soup, find a doctor, give him sneakers, and play a game of death. Eddie's words and deeds are a kind of love. The friendship between Deno and Eddie is ordinary, even greater.
Speak your mind:
How to share this touching friendship with students in a class, so that students' hearts are strongly shocked? I want to take the emotional route. I am located in the course of emotional appreciation, and implement plate-based teaching, so that students can question, solve doubts and feel, stimulate emotions and deeply understand the meaning of "life prescription" At the same time, while emphasizing humanities, we strive to implement the instrumentality of Chinese.
State the goal:
1, read the text with emotion. Grasp the key word "prescription" to radiate the full text and understand the meaning of "life prescription"
2. Taste the key words and feel the precious friendship contained in the words and deeds of the characters.
Theory and teaching method
1, stick to the topic and seize the clue.
First of all, I grasp the topic-"the prescription of life" to make students question the topic and sort out the question: what is the prescription of life? Who is born with what disease? Who prescribed it? What prescription? ) use the topic "hair" to move the "body" of the full text. Then, the overall perception, the implementation of plate teaching.
2, plate teaching, and gradually improve.
(1) Study the first sentence. Let the students know the horror of AIDS, the loneliness of Deno and the friendship between Eddie and Deno. This is the starting point and the keynote of teaching. That is, the problem of "who has what disease" is solved.
(2) Learning section 1-5. Students read the text 1-5. What did Eddie do and say in the face of the terminally ill Deno and the extremely lonely Deno? Circle, draw and read what impressed you the most? Through Eddie's words and deeds, I realized the friendship and happiness Eddie gave Deno. That is to solve the problem of "who prescribed what prescription".
(3) Learn Section 6-9. I understand Deno's mother's words, understand the prescription of life, and strengthen the expansion of the text. "The Inner Monologue of AIDS Patients", I want to expand the purpose, which is precisely the purpose of the article, not only to tell us that Eddie cares for Deno, but also to ask us to care for all AIDS patients and those who need help in life. It is also the true meaning of "life prescription".
Methods of speaking and learning
1, an outstanding student since enlightenment.
In the process of teaching, I don't intervene, let students use learning methods such as reading, rowing, imagining and speaking, so that students can speak for themselves more. In this way, through thinking, speaking and doing things, students' ability to analyze and solve problems is cultivated, the development of students' thinking quality is promoted, and their learning ability is improved.
2. Implement language instrumentality.
(1) Pay attention to students' language perception. In teaching, students are always guided to feel from specific words, such as "hide, get excited, quietly and tightly". Chinese learning must be carried out on specific words, on this basis, the true colors of Chinese can be reflected.
(2) Pay attention to text filling. In teaching, I designed what Eddie would say in the face of Deno's extreme loneliness, and what Eddie would say to guide students to further explore the text and understand it deeply.
(3) Pay attention to the process of thinking. I think induction is the best way to learn Chinese. To make students think, language is the shell of thinking. For example, "Why do you choose to play death games in so many games?" "Did Eddie find the prescription after all?" Where did you get the word?
(4) Strengthen reading training. Pay attention to students' individual and collective reading.
(5) Pay attention to the accumulation of results. Students' learning is a process of accumulation. After each lesson, I can consciously sum up and further study on the basis of the summary.
Of course, due to the content of the class, there are many touching sentences in the text, such as those describing the scenery, Eddie's dream and so on. I think students can realize that they can go to school, but they can't find it, so they can only give up and can't be forced. There are still many problems in the specific implementation, that is, the lack of personal ability. I hope to get guidance from experts and peers.