In terms of genetic factors, nearly 300 candidate genes have been found to be related to the inheritance of ADHD. Among the conduction pathways in the nervous system, dopaminergic pathway genes DRD4 and DAT 1 are the most widely studied candidate genes for ADHD, while 5- HT in serotonin-related pathway genes affects the symptoms of attention deficit and behavioral impulse in ADHD by regulating fronto-orbital striatum pathway (related gene SLC6A2) and noradrenergic pathway genes.
In neuroimaging, it is found that children's white matter is abnormal: the fiber connection of white matter in frontal striatum circuit (motor and attention control) is reduced, the development is delayed, and there are hereditary white matter changes in ADHD children's families. The results of magnetic resonance imaging showed that the activity of frontal lobe and frontal striatum decreased and the motor pathway was damaged. The decreased activity of left prefrontal cortex/insula, cerebellum and left inferior parietal lobule cortex is related to poor time control ability, which directly leads to abnormal phenomena such as attention difficulty and duration interruption in children.
Clinically, many children's ADHD is also related to the family rearing environment, such as parents' excessive restraint, insufficient care, bad parent-child relationship and less interaction. In addition, young mothers, single-parent families, reorganized families, left-behind children, tense teacher-student relationship in schools and conflicts among classmates all have direct or indirect effects on ADHD.
There are many schemes to treat ADHD in the medical field. For patients: psychological education, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy.
2. For parents: psychological education and training for parents.
3. For schools: psychological education and behavioral intervention.
Because the symptoms of ADHD patients have biological basis, drugs can change the core symptoms, lay the foundation for the implementation of psychotherapy and other means, facilitate the management of children at school or at home, and thus improve academic performance.
Mainly recommended drugs: central nervous system stimulants methylphenidate and tomoxetine.
Central nervous system stimulants (methylphenidate and tomoxetine) have their own advantages and disadvantages. Efficacy: Enhance central nervous system arousal, increase cerebral blood flow, improve study and work efficiency, and improve social relations. Side effects: slight increase of heart rate and blood pressure, digestive tract reaction, headache and sleep disorder. And it is not recommended for children under 6 years old and1children over 6 years old.
Many parents have doubts, because the child is very young and has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, so we can't give medicine immediately. Therefore, in addition to medication, psychological education also plays a certain role in ADHD.
We should let children know what behavior is. What are the common bad behavior problems of children? How to evaluate and record yourself? Let the child know when, where, what kind of person he is, and how others will react to such behavior. It's best to teach children to record themselves and see what effect it will have after recording those behaviors. In fact, many children with ADHD will have a lot of little tricks and problems. We can't seek to let the children get rid of it immediately, but let the children correct it bit by bit. First, we should start from simple problems and gradually formulate norms for our own behavior, so that when we have bad behavior, we can have the warning function of traffic lights, which ones can't run red lights and which ones can run green lights. Finally, it is necessary to plan a reward list for children and pay attention to the necessity of rewards. It is not just verbal praise, and of course it cannot blindly meet material needs. Then once the child shows the performance just mentioned, we should make a professional diagnosis and evaluation of the child's abnormal behavior in time, adopt the most suitable treatment plan for the child and recover as soon as possible.
Then, compared with the general population, children with ADHD will spend less time receiving education and completing college or graduate studies. If these children are not complicated with other mental diseases, they can enter the workplace like ordinary people, but they may engage in jobs that do not require professional quality or skills, and get along with colleagues worse than ordinary people. Generally speaking, ADHD symptoms will gradually improve in the early adolescence, impulsive symptoms will improve slightly in adolescence, but attention problems will continue into adulthood.
First of all, most ADHD can be cured. According to the actual situation of children, some children do have mild symptoms in clinic. Even without intervention, it will gradually ease with their growth and development. However, it is difficult for parents to judge for themselves whether there has been remission before, and they must review it on time and be diagnosed by a pediatrician. Therefore, the child's situation must be personally analyzed by a professional pediatrician. If you need intervention, you should listen to the doctor's active intervention. Generally, the earlier the intervention, the better the treatment effect! Clinically, 30% of children continue to grow up, but show different symptoms.
The etiology of ADHD in children is as follows: 1, which is related to heredity. In other words, if a child's parents suffer from ADHD as a child, the risk probability of the child suffering from ADHD will increase; 2. Effects of physical diseases: such as head injury and thyroid abnormality; 3. There may be early infection, medication, smoking, drinking, drug abuse, etc. In early pregnancy; 4. Other reasons: such as nervous system development disorder, lead poisoning, taking sedatives, etc. 5. Socio-psychological factors: such as disharmony in family relations and disharmony in parenting styles.
ADHD is generally characterized by inattention and short attention duration, which mostly occurs in children under 10. Once parents suspect that their children are prone to ADHD, face-to-face pediatricians are advised to make a systematic assessment, such as gesell assessment, to further clarify the diagnosis and take family-centered psychological and behavioral therapy if necessary.
Teacher Sanqing is a national second-level psychological counselor, who has been exposed to the treatment of ADHD children. I will explain it from a personal point of view for your reference.
This problem can be seen from several aspects:
1. First of all, during pregnancy, a mother decides whether a child is good or bad. We all know about prenatal education now. What's the idea of letting mom eat? Don't knock, don't touch, and some will play music to children. Of course, they all say it makes sense to make mom feel good. Because I have met such children in counseling, many mothers are very angry and even afraid during pregnancy. During the pregnancy, my mother was in a bad mood and anxious. Of course, for a newly married man, her mind is also immature. As soon as I see my anxious wife, I want to hide out and drink and play cards. In this way, I came back later, my wife was at home, and I was resentful. Therefore, during pregnancy, many emotions are related to men, which requires women to take care of their wives with more love before pregnancy, because a good child is like a good seed, the land is like a mother, and a good seed is like a father. Only when the weather is good can the seedlings grow well. By the same token, good children can only be born if the husband and wife are in love and harmony. Many people do not attach importance to prenatal education, but only to acquired education. Knowing this truth, we should pay attention to this period of pregnancy.
Many psychologists say that children should be princesses like emperors when they are two years old, but many parents see their children making various threats. Of course, it is not easy to be a parent, because they love their children dearly, and when they cry, they are worried. However, we can't stop our children from crying just because we are distressed. In the eyes of adults, crying is painful and not good. However, in the world of children, crying is a kind of catharsis and release, which is the world of adults. When a person is stressed and wronged, he needs to cry to release his emotions. Because when an adult releases his emotions, he will face his predicament again, so crying is also a way for adults to relieve stress. Similarly, for a child who can't speak and express, crying is also a way for her to vent and release, and it is also a way for him to express his feelings to adults. If it's not too big a problem, we just need to allow it. In this way, children will not be anxious and afraid, but many adults give their children too many restrictions. When a person gives him too many restrictions, she can't express it. Then it will move more or twitch a lot through a natural movement. Then our parents and doctors will label our children with TIC disorder and ADHD.
Many parents are anxious about older children, such as children going to the toilet. Originally 65,438+00 days, 20 days a month of training, many parents are anxious to train him for two days and three days a day. This will cause children to be overly nervous and anxious. Many parents are too anxious. They always treat their children differently from ordinary children, overtraining their children and overtraining their children. Such a child is bound to have problems. In many of my consulting cases, some children have bitten their nails since childhood until they bleed. There are children who bite their lips and bleed all the year round. In my consultation, the children are all 12 years old. I asked such a child, when did this happen? He said that's it. Now children are studying in international schools, which is very stressful and has psychological problems. However, parents still choose to transfer their children to international schools that teach all foreign languages. Children have already felt the pressure and have to transfer to more stressful schools. It is a greater fear for children, but children are also happy to choose to live on campus, because living on campus can leave their mothers. Otherwise, his fear at home exceeds his fear at school. We all think that parents love their children. If parents put pressure on their children blindly, we will destroy them instead of loving them. Children have not yet formed the ability to resist pressure, just like an adult tree, which can withstand thousands of kilograms of pressure. For seedlings, a few kilograms will hurt. It's not that we don't put pressure on our children. We should give him different pressures as he grows older, or we will give him too much pressure at an age he can't bear. Many high schools and universities have fallen ill, not to mention training talents. Many people have trained a patient, a child who dropped out of school and suffered from depression, and finally a child who is eager to learn.
When the repressed emotions appear under control, he will always find an outlet, which will turn into ADHD. So from my point of view, an ADHD child can try for half a month to see if the child has changed. When the pressure is gone, the children will get better and better. One thing to know is that children with ADHD must have anxious parents.
Attention deficit disorder in children is also called ADHD. Especially in children's preschool period, activity is an obvious symptom. Attention deficit disorder is a group of syndromes with hyperactivity, inattention, poor ability to participate in events, cognitive impairment and learning difficulties, and basically normal intelligence. ADHD in children may be caused by too much lead in children. My brother was very active before, and then he ate some dried walnuts. Can be eaten as a snack, effective, quite good. When you grow up, you will heal yourself Because children get older, they will change and become more stable, and the environment in which children live is constantly changing. At school, under the influence of teachers and classmates, they will rethink their lives.
Children's development is phased and unbalanced. In childhood, children's sensory perception develops rapidly, and the accuracy and systematicness of perception are constantly improved. The main manifestation of ADHD is difficulty in concentration. The developmental characteristics of children's attention: first, intentional attention develops gradually, while unintentional attention still plays a role. At this time, it is easy to be attracted by fresh, sudden and moving things from outside, and it is easy to distract attention. Second, the scope of attention is still limited. Children are not good at paying attention to the internal relations of things, so the scope of attention is limited. Third, the concentration and stability of attention are poor. Children's rest stability is poor, which is manifested in the short time to concentrate on something or an activity. Fourth, the ability to distribute and transfer attention is weak. Children are not good at distracting themselves. It can be seen that ADHD is a common problem for children at this stage. So parents need not worry too much.
When a child passes childhood, his body and mind are more mature, he can control some of his behaviors and pay attention to the leading role, and his ADHD may heal itself. Moreover, it is normal for children to be active, especially boys. Perhaps when a child is too quiet, not as active, lively and sensible as ordinary children, he loses his innocence. Of course, there is a limit to everything. Being too active will make parents worry about their children.
Generally speaking, childhood is a critical period, and parents need to pay more attention to it. Whether ADHD will heal itself is also related to the environment, state and self-reasons of the child's growth. Every child's personality and physique are different, and every child is unique and different. Therefore, parents should observe every step of their children's growth and protect their physical and mental health.
Q: What is the cause of ADHD in children?
A: The reason why children are hyperactive is that they have been disturbed, restricted and controlled by their parents for a long time.
Can it be cured?
A: Yes! Parents no longer disturb, restrict and control their children, and children can gradually decrease and disappear if they move around more.
Will it heal itself when you grow up?
A: If parents can't realize that children's hyperactivity is caused by improper upbringing and can't consciously control their thoughts and behaviors, children's hyperactivity will not heal itself, but will develop into more serious psychological and mental problems.
Hello, I'm Ping Li, a pediatrician at Beijing Angel Children's Hospital. I'm glad to answer your question.
Many parents don't know how their children get ADHD. They were surprised when they heard that their child had ADHD. After understanding the basic situation, some parents will wonder if it is possible for their children to heal themselves when they grow up!
So, what causes ADHD in children? 1, genetic factors
ADHD is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The basic reason is genetic factors, and the cause of ADHD is family aggregation. Most scholars believe that ADHD is a manifestation of polygenic genetic diseases. In addition, there are environmental factors. If the mother smokes and drinks alcohol during pregnancy, it will increase the probability of ADHD. In addition, lead exposure, if children have lead exposure, ADHD can occur.
2. Abnormal development
There are other reasons, such as abnormal brain development. Studies have shown that children suffer from ADHD, abnormal frontal lobe development, low central control ability of attention and sports-related areas, and reduced metabolic rate. In addition, neurophysiological research shows that the abnormal rate of EEG in children is high, and the analysis of EEG power spectrum improves the central nervous system of children, especially the delayed maturation of frontal lobe and insufficient awakening of cerebral cortex. It is also found that many children have low functions of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and hyperfunction of 5- hydroxytryptamine.
3. Psychological factors
There are also social and psychological factors, such as parents' discord, family discord, improper educational methods, parents' bad personality or parents' depression, children's father's antisocial behavior, or family financial difficulties, father and parents' divorce at an early age, children's abuse, improper school education methods, etc., which may all lead to ADHD.
So, will ADHD children heal themselves when they grow up? ADHD is a developmental disease caused by many reasons. 70% of children still have symptoms in adulthood, and about 30% of children can reach the diagnostic criteria of ADHD in adulthood, so they generally cannot heal themselves. However, with the increase of age, patients' related symptoms, such as attention and control ability, will improve.
The main purpose of treating ADHD in children is to ensure good academic and social relations without affecting neurological and psychological functions. In the whole development process of ADHD, the symptoms will endanger individuals, families, schools and even the whole society, which will cause a heavy burden to families, society and individuals. Therefore, after the diagnosis of ADHD is clear, intervention and treatment should be given in time.
The etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD are not fully understood. However, it is generally believed that there are two major factors involved: ① biological factors, such as drinking, smoking or genetic factors during pregnancy; (2) sociological factors, such as family environment, parenting style, etc.
At present, modern medicine believes that children of different ages should consider different treatment methods, such as: ① Preschool children (4-5 years old) can take behavior correction under the management of parents and/or teachers; ② School-age children and adolescents (over 6 years old) may need medication besides behavior modification, including central stimulant (methylphenidate) and non-central stimulant (tommoxetine).
Although the symptoms of ADHD children may be alleviated or disappeared during their growth, if they are not treated, their symptoms such as inattention and impulsiveness will persist and affect their lives. Furthermore, if left untreated, with the growth of age, ADHD children will often have more and more social dysfunction, such as inferiority complex, destructive behavior, poor learning ability, poor social adaptability, criminal behavior, conduct disorder, provocative behavior, various learning difficulties, occupational instability, various mental disorders, etc., which will have a wide range of negative effects on future academic, professional and social life. Children with ADHD will get effective drug treatment, and their prognosis will be greatly improved, reaching or approaching normal level.
Clinically, many children's ADHD is also related to the family rearing environment, such as parents' excessive restraint, insufficient care, bad parent-child relationship and less interaction. In addition, young mothers, single-parent families, reorganized families, left-behind children, tense teacher-student relationship in schools and conflicts among classmates all have direct or indirect effects on ADHD.
Create personally believes that mental illness can be traced back to the formation of fertilized eggs in terms of obvious time stages. According to Shi's experiment, a sperm looks for a suitable position on the egg surface and secretes some enzymes. If the egg thinks the "secret code" is acceptable, it will let the sperm in and then "close the door" and refuse others to enter. After that, the sperm degrades and forms a nucleus, which combines with the nucleus of the paper to form a diploid. Then the fertilized egg gradually divided into 2.4.8... 128, which has not yet entered the stage of uterine implantation.
In the above process, my early research has always thought that it is not the combination of the healthiest sperm and the healthiest egg. Because the health factors of parents before pregnancy can really affect the "quality" of sperm and eggs, the genetic information of parents is carried by sperm and eggs. There are selective fusion and exclusion parts in the genes that make up a new human being, which may increase, decrease and change. Then this process will form a part of the factors that determine the quality of life of children in the future. In other words, if sperm and eggs reach the healthiest and most perfect standards, children will have high-quality absolute health in the future.
According to my ten-level explanation (ten is the healthiest and most harmonious ideal), if the comprehensive health level of both sides is lower than five or six, they are likely to die halfway. If you are between the ages of six and seven, you are likely to get sick. Above grade eight, it will meet the future health standards. It is not easy to get sick after birth.
What I want to talk about now is children in grades 6-8. It is this group of children who are prone to illness both physically and psychologically after birth.
So how does ADHD come about? According to the results of some biological experiments, I think that if the fertilized egg is affected by gene deletion or change in the early stage of implantation, and the mother's bad habit of continuous living, the sensory nervous system of the fetus will be disturbed after implantation. For example, the husband and wife quarrel and make a scene, and the mother sends out bad related information through secretions and transmitters because of fear and depression. Experiments show that the fetus has corresponding behaviors such as fear, avoidance, tolerance and resistance to the bad environment created and contacted by parents in the mother. He was extremely sensitive to the environment after his birth.
Excluding the influence of diet drugs or air pollution during pregnancy, I think hyperactivity is caused by the persistent discomfort of the environment, fear is caused by the long-term influence of fear information, depression is directly related to mother's long-term depression, anxiety is also related to mother's persistent anxiety, and compulsion is related to mother's rigid life behavior and thoughts. In short, parents are the main reason.
Therefore, mental illness is not caused by the environmental influence after birth, but has been formed in the mother, and the day after tomorrow is only a continuation of the influence. Children with ADHD also get extreme environmental discomfort, such as depression and rigid educational methods. This is another field, and the mode of merit-based admission has eliminated most people, which is extremely unreasonable.
These mental illness conditions can be completely changed by various comprehensive adjustments in scientific life. There are many psychological and psychiatric treatments. I solemnly remind you that as long as it can promote the harmonious beauty of the body, no matter what form of harmony is a good way! I strongly object to treating it in a way that may cause other harm! Real scientific treatment has no side effects. Thank you.
Hello, ADHD is a common psychological disorder in childhood, which is mainly manifested in behaviors that are not commensurate with age and development level, such as inattention, short attention time, excessive activity and impulsiveness. Simply answer the question: 1, the reason is complicated; 2. Early intervention is treatable. 3. Few children with ADHD will heal themselves.
At present, there are many explanations about the etiology of ADHD in clinic, including the following reasons: genetic factors, neurotransmitters, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, environmental factors, family and psychosocial factors.
Doctor's suggestion: When parents find that their children have signs of ADHD, they must take them to a regular hospital for examination and treatment in time, make clear the cause and give symptomatic treatment.