1, lifestyle
In terms of exercise, you can do light exercise in the morning and evening, such as walking and gymnastics, but you should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor to avoid adverse effects on the fetus. Regular work and rest, adequate sleep and full spirit are not only conducive to fetal development, but also help pregnant women to have enough energy to cope with some possible situations during pregnancy.
Step 2 stay away from pets
In the second trimester, expectant mothers should also stay away from pets to avoid being infected with Toxoplasma gondii, otherwise they may infect the fetus, which will bring harm such as abortion, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal malformation.
3. Physical examination on time
It is necessary for every pregnant expectant mother to go to the hospital for regular check-ups. Because this can not only observe the development of the fetus, but also avoid some unexpected situations.
4. Use appropriate and comfortable underwear
After pregnancy 14 weeks, the chest will swell sharply. In order to spend the second trimester easily, suitable underwear is especially important in the second trimester. From the fourth month, we began to change underwear that is more than two cups larger than before, and we can also use underwear made of steel rings to correspond. Sometimes expectant mothers will also consider the inner beauty, so they should seize the opportunity to try it on when choosing to avoid being uncomfortable when buying it back.
5, pay attention to low back pain.
The belly starts to bulge obviously, so it will also affect the action, even the backache. It is also possible that hormones have changed during pregnancy, leading to joint loosening. Therefore, expectant mothers wear elastic socks and low-heeled shoes when they are active during the day, and they can put a pillow under their knees or hold their stomachs with special pillows when they sleep at night. If necessary, you can go to a regular hospital for professional nursing, proper local hot compress and massage, and also do some exercises to strengthen abdominal muscles.
2. Essential knowledge of health care in the second trimester
First, check up on time to ensure health.
Hospitals in different places may have different requirements. Generally, after twelve weeks, they will go to the hospital to file files for inspection. There are no special circumstances in the second trimester. In addition to routine examinations, these examinations in the second trimester are also important:
1. Down's screening/noninvasive DNA testing: (15-20 weeks) Mid-term Down's screening can be done during this period. Down's screening and non-invasive are two common methods to check whether the fetus has Down's syndrome. It mainly detects the risk assessment of fetal congenital malformation or congenital mental retardation and diseases caused by genetic factors and improper medication during pregnancy. The price of non-invasive testing is better, and I heard that the test results are more accurate. You can consult a doctor for details, and the doctor will make suggestions according to your age and specific situation.
Note: Down's screening and non-invasive doctors generally require fasting tests. Generally, people who need blood tests will go to the test on an empty stomach for fear of affecting the test results. They often prepare a snack to carry with them, which can replenish their physical strength after the exam.
2. Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound: (20 -28 weeks) Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, also known as systemic abnormality, can rule out the risk of infant malformation. Some hospitals in Siwei need to make an appointment more than one month in advance and also need to consult a doctor. It is not good to be too early or too late.
3. Screening for gestational diabetes: (24 -28 weeks) Some people usually have no diabetes, but they will get gestational diabetes during pregnancy. This test also requires an empty stomach test, and you can't drink a drop of water. The test took a long time and was accompanied.
Second, combine work and rest and exercise properly.
You must ensure adequate sleep and regular work and rest during pregnancy. Proper exercise is also needed in the second trimester to avoid excessive weight gain, and proper exercise is also conducive to the healthy development of the baby.
Third, a reasonable diet ensures nutrition.
The more you eat, the better, and the faster you gain weight during pregnancy, which shows that the idea that the baby grows fast is wrong. There are many factors that affect the fetal size, such as genetic factors, placental function, hormones in the body and so on. On the contrary, pregnant mothers eat too much food, which leads to excessive weight gain and many dangerous complications, such as hypertension and gestational diabetes, which will endanger the health of pregnant mothers and babies. Pregnant mothers should eat less and eat more, and increase the intake of fruits and vegetables.
Fourth, it is particularly important to supplement calcium and iron.
In the second trimester, the baby grows rapidly and needs more nutrition. Babies need nutrition from their mothers. At this time, it may lead to maternal iron deficiency anemia. Iron is an essential element to form hemoglobin, and hemoglobin is needed for the transmission of oxygen. With enough oxygen, nutrition can be transmitted well. Therefore, pregnant mothers must eat more iron-rich foods, such as animal viscera, lean meat, egg yolk, bean products and other iron-rich foods. If necessary, they can consult a doctor about drug supplements and health products to supplement iron. In addition, pregnant mothers should also supplement calcium in moderation, which can be supplemented by food. If you need calcium tablets, you need to consult a doctor. The more you add, the better. Adding too much may also aggravate the constipation of pregnant mothers and even affect the health of the fetus!
3. Health care and supplementary nutrition in the second trimester of pregnancy
1, protein:
Increasing protein will help to establish fetal organs and tissues, and make appropriate reserves for labor consumption and postpartum milk secretion.
Protein-rich foods mainly include beef and mutton, chicken and duck meat, rabbit meat, eggs, fish, milk, soybeans, bean products and fruits. Pregnant women should eat animal protein and plant protein together, and take more animal protein.
2. Fat:
Fat intake can not only supplement the necessary nutrition for fetal brain development, but also store the necessary energy for delivery and postpartum lactation.
Expectant mothers use 2-3 spoonfuls of vegetable oil for cooking every day, which helps to consume fat. Other nuts such as hazelnuts, walnuts, peanuts and sunflower seeds are also rich in fat, so mothers don't have to worry about getting fat. For the sake of the baby, mothers should bear it first.
3. Trace elements:
Only by supplementing trace elements can we balance dietary nutrition, and mothers in the second trimester should pay special attention to the supplementation of calcium, iron, zinc and iodine.
Iron deficiency anemia will occur if iron-iron intake is insufficient or malabsorption, and severe anemia can cause fetal growth retardation, premature delivery and even stillbirth;
Pregnant women can eat more fruits such as animal liver, lean meat, poultry, fish, beans, green vegetables, peaches, pears and grapes.
Calcium-calcium deficiency during pregnancy, the mother is prone to low back pain, osteoarthralgia, hand and foot convulsions and other diseases, and the fetus is also prone to rickets;
Calcium nutrition can be taken from dairy products, seafood, soybeans and bean products, dark green leafy vegetables and so on. Be sure to drink two bags of milk or one bag of milk with soy milk every day.
Zinc-if the fetus does not get enough zinc, it will affect the growth of fetal bones, leading to intrauterine growth retardation and decreased immunity;
Expectant mothers should eat more foods rich in zinc, such as oysters, meat, animal liver, eggs and seafood.
Iodine-the demand for iodine in the second trimester has also increased, and expectant mothers can eat more seafood such as kelp, seaweed, sea fish, shrimp skin and fish floss.
4. vitamins:
In the second trimester, the demand for folic acid, vitamin B 17, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other B vitamins will increase. At this time, mothers should increase the intake of these vitamins.
4. Precautions for health care in the second trimester
1, diet, early pregnancy, mostly no appetite, mid-pregnancy, appetite becomes bigger. At this time, many pregnant mothers may supplement a lot, which is also unwise. Pay attention to nutrition, eat more foods rich in iron and calcium, and eat a reasonable diet. At this time, the fetus did not absorb a lot, but only increased its own fat. You need to pay attention to its weight change every week, not in a short time.
2, living habits, in the second trimester, you can do some exercise in the morning and evening, such as walking or gymnastics, avoid strenuous exercise or housework, do not stay up late, develop the habit of regular work and rest, ensure the quality and time of sleep, in order to promote the healthy development of the fetus.
3, regular check-ups, check-ups are more important, you can always grasp the development of the fetus and the physical condition of pregnant women, if there is an accident, you can treat it in time.
4. In sleeping position, I was pregnant as early as the second trimester. Be careful not to lie flat when sleeping. It is good for the growth and development of the fetus to lie on the side, especially on the left side.
5, prenatal education, prenatal education in the second trimester is very important. At this time, the fetus has heard it. Talking to the baby and playing some music can stimulate the development of the baby's brain.
Be extra cautious during pregnancy and pay attention to your physical changes and fetal development. These are all aspects that should be paid attention to in the second trimester. I hope that through the above description, I can help more pregnant mothers. I want to be cautious in my life, avoid excessive behavior and try not to do housework, so as not to have a bad influence on the fetus. I want to be normal and not too nervous.