I. Consultation
About how to operate and manage, some thoughts and feelings of family members need to find a suitable time, so that we can communicate and analyze well and give play to our superior resources. Give your feelings some time. Under all uncertain circumstances, more patience and hard work will pay off.
Difficulties are temporary, I believe all persistence and efforts will be rewarded!
Second, family therapy, also known as family therapy, is a family-based psychotherapy method. Through communication, role-playing, alliance-building and identity-reaching, the chain effect of personality and behavior patterns among family members can be used to coordinate interpersonal relationships among family members, improve family psychological functions and promote their mental health. Couple therapy (also called marriage therapy) is a special mode of family therapy.
Family therapy is characterized by paying attention to interpersonal relationships among family members.
The goal of family therapy is to help a family eliminate abnormal or pathological conditions in order to perform good family functions.
According to different psychological problems in the family, different family therapy models can be adopted. The main family therapy modes are as follows:
1. Structured family therapy model. This treatment model focuses on the family structure such as organization, relationship, role and power execution, and uses various specific methods to correct the problems in the family structure and promote the improvement of family functions.
2. Behavioral family therapy model. Behavioral family therapy focuses on the observable behaviors among family members, that is, establishing specific goals and progress of behavior improvement, making full use of learning principles, giving appropriate rewards and punishments, and promoting the improvement of family behavior.
3. Strategic family therapy model. This model is characterized by a dynamic understanding of the nature of family problems, the establishment of a set of step-by-step handling strategies, the change of basic cognitive problems, and the change of family problems in a hierarchical manner.
4. Analyze the family therapy mode. Based on psychoanalysis, this model understands the deep psychological and behavioral motives of family members and the development of parent-child relationship, focusing on understanding and improving the emotional expression, satisfaction and desire of family members and promoting their psychological growth.
No matter what treatment mode is adopted, family therapy should be carried out according to the following steps: at the beginning, at the beginning of treatment, the therapists should briefly explain the nature of family therapy and explain the principles that each other should abide by in order to carry out treatment smoothly.
At this stage, the therapist needs to use various specific methods to help his family practice to improve their personal and mutual relations.
In the final stage, the family members of treatment seekers should cultivate the ability and habit of self-examination and improvement of family pathological behavior, and keep the correct behavior.
Family therapy should adhere to:
1. Everything is centered on the whole family.
2. Adopt systematic views and opinions.
? 3. Use "interpersonal relationship" to analyze the mutual behavior of members.
? 4. Understand the behavior of all family members with the concept of group.
Family therapy needs to pay attention to some basic treatment principles:
(1) downplays "reason and reason" and pays attention to "emotion and action". (2) Abandon the past and care about the present. (3) Ignore shortcomings and emphasize advantages. (4) Only providing help and consultation cannot replace major decisions.
* * * Structured family therapy:
Originated in 1960s, it was founded by SalvadorMinuchin. With its simple and practical features, it dominated the whole field of family therapy in 1970s and 1980s, became the most influential and widely used school in family therapy, and also promoted the development of family therapy.
Treatment procedure:
In the book Family and Family Therapy, Minuchin simply summarizes that therapists enter the family as leaders, outline the potential structure of the family, and then take intervention measures to change this structure. The treatment procedure of structured family therapy includes the following four steps:
One is to enter the family.
The core is that the therapist enters the family. This is not only the beginning of family therapy, but also the foundation. The therapist's mind or emotion is integrated into the family and with family members. As an expert or authority, therapists can't keep their distance from their families.
The second is to evaluate the family structure.
The process of evaluation and entering the family often overlaps. In this process, the therapist evaluates the family by paying attention to the organizational structure and continuous interaction mode of the family, and pays special attention to the social background in which the dysfunctional behavior can be expressed. The evaluation focuses on the family level, the functional status of subsystems, possible alliances and alliances, and the quality of the current border, such as the permeability, elasticity and rigidity of the border.
Evaluation is also a dynamic process. Therapists can observe the interaction between individuals or subsystems through role-playing, and sometimes deliberately create real interaction. For example, Minochin often uses the opportunity of having lunch with the families of anorexic children to implement treatment. In this process, there may be cases where parents can't cooperate to encourage their children to eat, or there may be cases where parents and children form alliances in different ways. Family discussions will be held on the spot to discuss the reasons for these behaviors.
The third is to break the old institutional balance.
First, break the balance of the old dysfunctional behavior patterns in the family system. This process is very enlightening. Different from the position that therapists should maintain value neutrality in most treatment models, the performance of structured family therapists is that they often need to stand with different individuals, subsystems or allies. Often, the weak or marginalized family members are supported first, and then their support is fairly distributed to other members; You can also join powerful members to break through the tolerance of other family members and trigger challenges from other members; Sometimes, therapists join a family alliance against some family members. However, no matter which family member or family alliance the therapist joins, the whole family will eventually be combined to form a treatment system.
The fourth is the reconstruction of the family.
Family therapy has entered the final stage of reform, that is, the reconstruction of family structure. At this stage, the therapist's main task is to help the family rebuild the system of managing family interaction to replace the dysfunctional communication mode in the family. The job of family therapists is to make each member realize that the problem belongs to the family, not to the individual, often by re-framing. The new form of family functional interaction must replace the old dysfunctional model.
Evaluation steps
Structured family therapy has always followed a basic path, from understanding the family to formulating strategies to change the family. The purpose of therapeutic exploration is to discover the family organizations that lead to certain types of experiences and behaviors, and accurate evaluation is the premise of intervention. Including: first, expand the current chief complaint, the therapist's purpose is to disperse the current family problems and symptomatic people. In other words, turning problems or symptoms into interpersonal relationships is also a step to turn treatment into family therapy. The second is to explore the family model to maintain the current problem. The purpose of this step is to explore what words and deeds of family members have led to the persistence of the problem. This process is to help family members realize how their actions safeguard family problems. This step is the basis of various intervention methods. The third is to explore the past influence of important family members. This step is to simply and emphatically explore the past of adult members of the family, mainly parents. The purpose is to help family members understand how their narrow views on themselves and others are formed. The fourth is to explore relevant ways of change. The purpose of this step is to redefine the problem and find a new solution. When the therapist and the family complete a family map to maintain the family's predicament, family members will discuss with the therapist: Who will change in the family? Change what? Who wants to change? Who won't change? This step is to change the evaluation process from working above the family to working with the family. Need to use a variety of home treatment techniques.
General technology
1) relation problem
The problems mentioned in the relationship problem should involve the relationship between family members, and can arouse their thinking and dialogue, thus vividly showing the family relationship and family structure.
2) Redefinition
Redefinition is a way to change the original meaning of events and recalibrate what happened in order to provide a constructive view to look at events and situations. There are two kinds: negative redefinition: treating family members as positive behaviors and giving them negative meanings again.
Positive redefinition: treat family members as negative or destructive behaviors and give them new positive meanings.
3) Set boundaries
Setting boundaries is a technique to reorganize family boundaries by changing the psychological and logical distance between family subsystems. The first meeting of structured family therapy usually requires the participation of the whole family, but the follow-up treatment can also be attended by only individual members or members of a subsystem as needed to strengthen the boundaries between them. For teenagers who are overprotected by their mothers, individual conversations can be arranged to support their independent development.
4) Metaphor
Metaphor is a skill that uses some concepts or words to indirectly or implicitly express some problems that family members are unaware of or unwilling to face. This technique is widely used in the treatment process. The advantage of using metaphor is that the therapist not only challenges the family members, but also doesn't make them too alert, so they are easy to accept or have an epiphany.
5) Draw a family map
After joining the family, the therapist collects information and materials about the family through living and listening, so as to evaluate the structure and function of the family. Minuchin and Felschmann pointed out: "Family maps show the relative positions of family members. It reveals the alliance or subordination, explicit or implicit conflict, and the organization of family members in conflict resolution.
Characteristics of structured family therapy model;
Emphasize the recovery of family function; Family-centered work; Pay attention to the assessment of family dysfunction.
Third, study.
1, all deliberate actions are to cover up another purpose.
In life, it is very common for acquaintances to meet. They can say hello and chat casually, but it is very different for the two sides of psychological counseling to meet in social situations. This is not a question with a unique answer. "It varies from person to person" is the best answer to this question.
It is impossible for tourists to be indifferent to the chance encounter. As for how to deal with it, we only need to follow one principle: "visiting as the center". Whether your behavior will activate some of her emotions, whether you leave with a polite greeting, whether you ask with concern, or whether you pretend not to see it, all depend on the response of the visit, and the next consultation must be a topic at work.
4. There are gifts, invitations, etc. In particular, before deciding on such feedback, you should consider two things: What was the inspiration of the visit? Is this your own need?
The issue of physical contact has been debated in the industry. Traditional psychoanalysis can't have any form of physical contact. Owen Yalong's view on physical contact: In this respect, it is necessary to know who needs it, and whether your feedback inspires the other person or aggravates the other person's "morbid empathy". It is difficult to judge, but it is still necessary for the counselor to make an appropriate response quickly according to the situation and the age, gender and personality characteristics of the visitors. Sometimes a counselor must first consider being a real, living person and treat others sincerely, and then be a counselor. In fact, the real healing between people happens after all the roles are removed.
6, some physical contact is to refuse and attract attention, such as frequent interaction, beyond the usual time and intensity. For example, long hugs and handshakes, such as often asking you to pass paper towels, will be sensitively captured by systematically trained consultants. Whether your feelings are comfortable, compulsive, sexual or strange, whenever you feel abnormal as a normal person, then such contact needs to be analyzed.
In particular, I suggest that you talk to your supervisor or your personal experience as soon as all the sexual parts of physical contact or imaginary contact are aroused.
7. Borrowing things is also common. As a consultant, if you can't tell normal from abnormal, it may be that you lack emotional awareness. It is not difficult to distinguish between an act of just borrowing books and returning them next time and an act of frequently borrowing books and not returning them. This is normal and abnormal. Is it borrowing the book itself or something else? You need to have a strong grasp of the visiting mode.
8. We can't underestimate the power of the transition object. A good behavior of the consultant will have a great effect on the interview, rather than sticking to the old routine. The flexibility of personality is not arbitrary, but follows the ethical setting. At the same time, who should be the beneficiary? Is it a consultant or a visitor?
9. There are as many boundaries as there are relationships in the world. In reality, people with a weak sense of boundaries will encounter obstacles in intimate relationships. If the counselor is a person with no sense of boundaries, it will be very dangerous. Too clear and too vague will vary from person to person, and even the same person will be treated differently at different times. In any case, cherish every visitor, after all, there are too few intimate encounters in life, which is a kind of inner support, not harm. 13:00