Mental health refers to normal spirit and activities and good psychological quality. The following is the content of my special lecture on mental health knowledge. Let's take a look at it together, hoping to help everyone.
1. What mental health knowledge do you have?
Psychological annoyance
Psychological annoyance refers to temporary emotional annoyance caused by obvious or lasting psychological stimulation factors, or accompanied by bad education and cultural background, but you can identify and adjust yourself, and people around you may not find or find that you can fully understand and provide effective help.
Generally, it will not continue to affect social functions and others, including all kinds of abnormal emotional troubles in daily life, such as natural and man-made disasters, where will you go? If there are no stimulating social factors, there will be no emotional troubles. This kind of psychological annoyance obviously caused by social factors has a good therapeutic effect, and the damage is completely reversible, which is generally relieved within one week.
But if it is not handled properly, it may cause persistent psychological problems. This type is the best choice for psychological counseling. Generally, medication is not needed, even if it is needed, it is short-term. Of course, if the parties have a good social support system, they don't necessarily need professional help.
psychological problem
Psychological problems refer to certain personality deviation caused by bad educational or cultural background, which may be induced by certain psychological stimulation factors, resulting in temporary or local emotional problems, which can be self-identified but difficult to get rid of, and must be adjusted by others or psychologists. People around you may find it, but they can only partially understand it. Normal people would not have similar problems if they were in the same environment.
If there are no stimulating social factors, problems may not occur immediately, but they may still appear in the future. Partial slight impact on social function, without affecting others. The central nervous system may have abnormal function, and the treatment effect is good, and the damage is reversible. Generally, it will be relieved within half a year, and a few symptoms may remain for a long time. This type is the main choice of psychotherapy, and it is also an auxiliary means if it is combined with drug treatment.
Psychological barrier
Psychological disorder refers to obvious personality deviation, accompanied by some mild psychological stimulation factors. There is a persistent and wide-ranging emotional disorder that you can identify but can't get rid of, so you take the initiative to ask for help, which is difficult for ordinary people to provide, and generally requires the adjustment of psychologists. People around you can often find something strange but difficult to understand. Normal people will not have similar problems in the same situation.
If there are no stimulating social factors, the parties will also have emotional troubles. Some of them affect their social functions, but generally do not affect others. They have neurotransmitter disorders in the central nervous system, and the treatment effect is acceptable. Some injuries may be irreversible, but the degree is minor. This type can be called neurosis, and drug therapy and psychotherapy are equally important.
psychosis
Mental illness refers to obvious biological factors, psychological process obstacles such as cognition, emotion, will and behavior, and the disharmony between psychological activities and the environment, which has a serious, extensive and lasting impact. Ordinary patients can't identify and adjust themselves, and refuse treatment, which seriously affects social function and others. Ordinary people can easily identify this anomaly, but unprofessional help may be ineffective or even harmful.
Sociological and psychological factors are not the main reasons, but they are closely related to genetic variation, neurobiochemistry and abnormal brain structure. Under social intervention, the treatment effect is acceptable, and the damage is basically irreversible, which requires long-term treatment and social supervision. Drug therapy is the main method, and psychotherapy and social support are effective in rehabilitation period. This type is generally called mental illness.
Second, what is psychology?
"The formal definition of psychology (English name) is: scientific research on individual behavior and psychological process. Key parts in the definition: science, behavior, individual and psychology. The scientific nature of psychology requires that psychological conclusions should be based on the evidence collected according to the principles of scientific methods, and behavior is the way for organisms to adapt to the environment. The object of psychological analysis is often an individual-a person or an animal. At the same time, it is impossible to understand human behavior without understanding the psychological process-the activity of human spirit. Psychology not only studies animal psychology (the main purpose of studying animal psychology is to deeply understand and predict the occurrence and development law of human psychology) but also studies human psychology, with human psychological phenomena as the main research object. Therefore, in a word, psychology is a science that studies psychological phenomena and psychological laws. " {Quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia Psychology}
There are many branches of psychology, and each branch studies psychological phenomena from different angles. However, any branch inevitably involves the general viewpoints of psychology and psychological phenomena, such as the objects and methods of psychology, the essence of psychology, the regularity of psychological phenomena and so on. The elaboration of these general theoretical problems of psychology constitutes an important research field of general psychology, that is, the study of basic principles of psychology. Its research results are of great significance to other branches of psychology.
In general psychology, the study of the basic principles of psychology and the general laws of psychological phenomena are two important aspects. There are two main types of research on the basic principles of psychology: one is centered on the essence of psychology, involving the relationship between psychology and objective reality, between psychology and brain, between psychology and society, between psychology and practice, and the regularity of psychological activities, which is usually called the philosophical problem of psychology; The other is centered on the structural problems of psychology, involving the hierarchical organization of psychological activities and the classification of psychological phenomena, such as the connection of various psychological phenomena. These two kinds of research are interrelated, sometimes collectively referred to as methodological problems of psychology. Different views on these issues show different psychological theoretical tendencies.
In the history of modern psychology, there have been many important psychological thoughts. Such as early structural psychology and functional psychology, as well as behavioral psychology, psychoanalysis, gestalt psychology and Pavlov's theory. They have different views on the basic principles of psychology, which have a great influence on the development of psychology.
The study of the basic principles of psychology by general psychology is closely related to certain philosophical thoughts, and also depends on the development of specific psychological research, and is often influenced by neighboring disciplines. The development of psychology is inseparable from the study of basic principles, and with the accumulation of psychological scientific data, some basic principles of psychology will also change.
In general psychology, the research on the general law of psychological phenomena is often divided into several fields: feeling and perception; Learning and memory; Thinking and speech; Emotion and will; Personality and individual psychological characteristics. These fields include extremely important aspects of people's psychological activities. Many psychologists believe that general psychology takes the psychological activities of normal adults as the research object.
On the whole, the psychological activities of normal adults have reached the advanced level of psychological development, which embodies the characteristics of human psychological activities and is typical. General psychology studies not the special laws of psychological phenomena in a certain age or social life, but the general laws of psychological phenomena, such as the measurement of sensitivity and various sensory mechanisms, the forms and processes of learning and memory, various operations of thinking, the perception and understanding of speech, the measurement of ability, and the structure of personality. These research results have certain universal significance, and can be applied to people of different ages and different activity fields to some extent. It can be said that general psychology mainly reveals the general laws of psychological phenomena through the study of psychological activities of normal adults.
Third, the standard of healthy psychology.
Psychologists describe the standards of mental health as follows:
(1) has a moderate sense of security and self-esteem, and has a sense of value for self-achievement.
(2) Moderate self-criticism, don't brag too much, and don't be too hard on yourself.
In daily life, he has moderate initiative and is not affected by the environment.
Rational, realistic, objective, good contact with reality, able to tolerate setbacks in life, without excessive fantasy.
⑤ Moderately accept personal needs and have the ability to meet such needs.
⑥ Have self-knowledge, know your own motivation and purpose, and be able to make an objective estimate of your own ability.
All landowners can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality, personal values can adapt to social standards, and can concentrate on their own work.
Have realistic goals in life.
Pet-name ruby have the ability to learn from experience, can adapt to the needs of the environment to change yourself.
Attending to have good interpersonal relationships, the ability to love and be loved. On the premise of not violating social norms, I can keep my personality, neither too flattering nor too seeking social recognition. I have my own independent opinions and criteria for judging right and wrong.
Standard for the elderly
Good psychological quality is conducive to strengthening physical fitness and improving disease resistance. What kind of mental state is healthy for the elderly? Relevant scholars have formulated the 10 mental health standard:
(1) Full sense of security.
2 fully understand yourself.
③ Realistic life goals.
④ Keep in touch with the external environment.
⑤ Maintain the integrity and harmony of personality.
⑥ Have certain learning ability.
⑦ Maintain good interpersonal relationships.
Be able to express and control your emotions properly.
Pet-name ruby limit their talents and hobbies.
Attending in the case of not violating social ethics, the basic needs of individuals should be met to a certain extent.
Middle-aged standard
① Good feeling and perception. Judging things is not a delusion.
② Good memory. You can easily remember the seven-digit telephone number you have read.
③ Sound logical thinking. When considering and answering questions, be clear and definite.
4. Rich imagination. Good at association and analogy, but not good at thinking.
⑤ Moderate emotional response. Handle emergencies properly and be emotionally stable.
6. Strong will. Do things from beginning to end, do not act rashly, do not suppress sadness, and can withstand sadness and joy.
⑦ Kindness, optimism, self-enjoyment, self-elimination of anger and self-cultivation.
8 Good interpersonal relationship. Helpful and popular with others.
Pet-name ruby study hobbies and abilities remain basically unchanged. Pay attention to all aspects of information and be good at learning new knowledge and skills.
Attending to keep a hobby, keep a pursuit, a yearning lifestyle.
Basically in line with the psychology of most people. Abide by public morals and ethics.
Keep normal behavior. Strong self-care ability, can effectively adapt to changes in social environment.
Juvenile standard
① Normal intelligence.
② Emotional stability and coordination.
③ Good social adaptability.
④ Have a harmonious interpersonal relationship.
⑤ The ability of reaction and behavior coordination is moderate.
⑥ Psychological age conforms to actual age.
All landowners have psychological self-control.
⑧ Have sound personality characteristics.
Pet-name ruby have confidence.
Attending to have psychological endurance.
Children's standards
1. Normal intellectual development.
Normal intelligence refers to the level of individual intelligence development commensurate with one's actual age and is one of the important signs of mental health.
Second, stabilize the mood.
Teenagers with mental health have more advantages in positive emotional experience such as optimism and satisfaction. Although there will be negative emotions such as sadness, confusion, failure and frustration, it will not last long. They can express and control their emotions properly and keep relatively stable.
Third, you can know yourself correctly.
Have a full understanding of yourself, know the value of your existence, feel satisfied with yourself, and strive to make yourself more perfect. We can carry forward our own advantages, fully understand our own shortcomings and make conscious efforts to overcome them. Have their own ideals, full of confidence in the future, and constantly make new achievements in study and work.
Fourth, have good interpersonal relationships.
Mentally healthy children and adolescents have positive and good interpersonal relationships. Respect others, understand others, be good at learning their strengths to make up for their own shortcomings, and get along with others in a friendly and tolerant manner. They can be sincere and frank in front of others, so it is easy to gain the trust of others and establish harmonious interpersonal relationships. High prestige in the collective, full life.
5. Steady and harmonious personality.
Personality is also called personality, and personality shows a person's whole mental outlook. Mentally healthy people have a sound "self", have a correct understanding of themselves, can objectively evaluate themselves, and can effectively control and adjust their personality tendencies and psychological characteristics.
Sixth, love life.
Mentally healthy people love life, can deeply feel the beauty of life and the fun in life, and actively look forward to a bright future. Can give full play to their potential in all aspects of life, and do not lose confidence in life because of setbacks and failures. Can correctly handle practical difficulties, adjust their thinking mode and behavior strategy in time to adapt to various social environments.
Fourth, bad emotional changes lead to physical illness.
Modern people encounter a lot more things than the ancients, so they face a lot of psychological confusion and are prone to all kinds of complicated emotions. It is not surprising that there are many intractable diseases now.
The body likes to be in a state of peace of mind, and emotions are most conducive to health in a calm state. Peace is an obstacle to keeping healthy. There is no smoke without fire, and the disease is helpless in the face of calm. Emotional ups and downs, like wind and rain blowing this barrier, there are gaps that can be penetrated, and diseases and evils take advantage of it. If the mood fluctuates greatly, the stormy mood will open the door of the body, the disease will go straight ahead, and the qi and blood in the body will be greatly hurt.
People's immunity is the worst when their emotions are ups and downs. Often something goes wrong, only to find that your body is beginning to feel uncomfortable. In fact, when you have emotions, the internal environment has changed. The ancients realized the harm of emotional extremes to the five internal organs long ago. People with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are often too happy to get sick, and some people fall on the mahjong table; Anger hurts the liver, causing pain in the right flank, causing liver fire, causing qi and blood to rush up, dizziness, and even fainting; Great sadness, excessive sadness, often feel breathless; Fear hurts the kidney, and fear makes the stool out of balance and the kidney qi weak; Thinking too much hurts the spleen, and thinking too much about one thing will ruin your diet, loss of appetite and depression.
Let's look at the word "patient". A word "string" above and a word "heart" below constitute a "patient". My heart always goes up, worrying for a while, worrying for a while, worrying for a while, panicking for a while ... My heart is not calm for a moment with the changes of the external environment, and I can't keep a normal heart when dealing with things. Your body has met the requirements of being a patient. Can you not get sick?
We should be good at resolving emotions, remember, it is to resolve, not to suppress. Some people always think that I put up with everything, which is another misunderstanding. If I endure it, it will still be in my body, and it will do more harm after a long time. When the mood is high, we should hold an indifferent attitude and let it slip through our hearts naturally without leaving a trace.
Seven kinds of unhealthy psychology in growing up
1. Melancholy: For various reasons, teenagers will be unhappy, sad and taciturn. If you are in this state for a long time, you should pay full attention to it.
2, narrow-minded: the performance is haggle over every ounce, too narrow-minded, can not tolerate people and do not understand others. I'm worried about small things, too, and I love to get to the bottom of it.
3. jealousy: when others are better than themselves, they are unnatural, uncomfortable and even hostile. What's more, they even use blows and slanders to vent their inner jealousy.
4, panic: a sense of terror to the environment and things, such as fear of needles, fear of the dark, fear of ghosts and so on. The light person's heart beats violently, his hands shake, and the heavy person can't sleep, insomnia, screaming in his dream, etc.
5. Brutality: If you are unhappy with a little thing, vent it on others, hit people and curse them, and others will make fun of others and laugh at them, without warmth.
6. Sensitivity: that is, nervousness and paranoia. They often regard others' unintentional words and irrelevant actions as contempt or ridicule for themselves, and they are moody and have great emotional changes.
7. Inferiority: I lack confidence in myself and think that I am not as good as others in all aspects. Whether I am studying or living, I always look at myself as inferior to others and can't lift my head. This inferiority complex has seriously affected my mood, and I feel too depressed because I lack interest in myself.
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