Writer's works
Li Si, Chu people in the Warring States; It played an important role in the process of Qin Shihuang's unification of the whole country;
His prose is good at reasoning and rich in literary talent.
The book of remonstrance and expulsion is contained in Historical Records and Biography of Lisi.
The "book" here is not a letter, but a letter and a memorial, which is a style in which ancient courtiers stated their political views to the monarch. (key)
Main idea
Read the note 1 at the back of the text carefully to understand the background of writing this article. (key)
Based on the achievements of four monarchs in the history of Qin, this paper explains Ke Qing's achievements. Citing a large number of facts, this paper explains that the British host should not value others over himself, and theoretically explains the interest relationship between expelling guests and accepting guests, thus pointing out that expelling guests is not conducive to the development of Qin's cause and is wrong.
Difficult words and phrases
1, I heard that the official discussion on expulsion, I think it's too much. (stealing: private; End: Error)
2. The people are rich and the country is strong, the country is rich and the people are strong, and folk music is used. (use: therefore; Yin Sheng: Feng; Fun: willing to serve the country)
3, Chu, the teacher of Wei, has raised thousands of miles and is strong to this day. (acquisition: capture; Lift: capture; Governance: rich and powerful)
4, cutting fertile soil, then scattered from six countries, making the west Qin, merit has been applied to this day. (scattered: make-scattered;; From: trade unions; West: facing the west; Stone; Continued)
5, make the four gentlemen not inside. (Shi Xiang: At the beginning, if; But: refuse; Inside: Na)
6, this is not the art of crossing the sea and making princes. (Cross: unification; System: unified)
7. Taishan does not let the soil, so it can become big; Rivers and seas do not choose trickle, so they can be deep; The king is not only popular, so he can understand his virtue. (let: exclusion; Select: select; On: verb, achievement; But: turn away; Ming: Everbright)
8. But the guest is a prince. (industry: verbs, make contributions)
9, come to the leopard, Gongsun is in gold. (Come: make-come)
10, force it, Dusit. (Du: Let's finish it)
Full text translation
I heard that officials discussed expelling guests: I privately think this is wrong.
Once upon a time, Qin Miao (Mu) recruited talented people from Xirong in the west, and from Chu in the east, he chose Priscilla as the prime minister, took an uncle and nephew from Song, and appointed Pi Bao from Jin as the general and a doctor. These five sages were not born and raised in Sri Lanka, but were hand-picked by Qin Miaogong, who annexed 20 countries and dominated the West. Qin Xiaogong adopted the method of Shang Yang to change customs, which made the people increase their wealth, made the country rich and strong, made the people willing to serve the country, and made the vassals close and obedient (Qin), thus capturing the army of Chu and Wei and expanding the territory of thousands of miles. So far, this country is stable and strong. King Hui of Qin took advantage of Zhang Yi's strategy to seize the land around the Yellow River, Yishui and Luoshui, connecting Ba and Shu in the west, Shang Jun in the north and Hanzhong in the south. They conquered ethnic minorities, controlled Hubei and Du Ying, occupied (dangerous) elevation and carved up fertile land, thus disintegrating the alliance of the six eastern countries, making them face the west and submit to Qin, and their achievements continue to this day. Zhao Haoqi of Qin got it, abolished the handsome seal of Ran, exiled his mother and younger brother Hua Yangjun, consolidated the royal family, ended the despotism of the powerful, and gradually annexed the princes, thus making Qin complete the great cause of claiming the emperor. These four monarchs all depend on the work of your guests. From this perspective, what did Ke Qing do for Qin? If the first four gentlemen refused to accept these guests and alienated them, Qin would not be rich and powerful, and Qin would not have a strong reputation.
Now your majesty has sent the beautiful jade of Kunlun Mountain, including the pearl of the later dynasty, the jade of He Shen, the night pearl, the sword of Pei Tai, the galloping horse, the colorful flag of Cuifeng and the drum of the coffin. None of these treasures are made in Qin, but your majesty likes them. Why? If things produced by Qin must be allowed to exist, then luminous jade will not be used to decorate the court; Musical instruments made of ivory will not be your favorite thing to appreciate; Beautiful women from Zheng and Wei will not fill your harem; A thousand miles of horses will not fill your stable; Suk Kim in the south of the Yangtze River will not be your vessel; The pigments in Bashu area will not be used to paint your court; If the beauty used to decorate the harem, fill the hall and make you happy must be born and raised in Qin, the hairpin inlaid with bamboo, earrings inlaid with pearls, silk and brocade embroidery in Dong 'e will not come to you. With the secular changes, Zhao Nv, who dresses more fashionable, elegant, beautiful and slim, will not be with you. Those sounds of knocking on the crock, playing the bamboo zither, patting the thighs and whining are the real Qin music, while Zheng, Wei, Sang Jian, Wu Xiang and other musical instruments are the music of other countries. Now, I don't use musical instruments that hit tiles, but I like the music of Guzheng and Wei. I don't play Guzheng anymore, but I use classical music such as Yu Shao and Wuxiang. Why? Just for immediate comfort and pleasure, it is suitable for viewing. The current talent selection is not like this. Regardless of whether it is used or not, regardless of merits and demerits, all those who are not in Qin will leave and all foreigners will be expelled. Doing so shows that women's colors, music, jewelry and beautiful jade are valued and talents are despised. This is not the way to unify the world and subdue the princes.
It's said that there is plenty of food in a vast area, and the country has strong manpower, brave soldiers and excellent weapons. Therefore, Taishan does not dislike soil, so it can become so high; Rivers and seas can become so deep only if they don't abandon the trickle; Being a monarch does not exclude ordinary people; Carry forward his virtues. There is no distinction between east, west, north and south in land, and there is no distinction between people at home and abroad. Life is full and happy all year round, even ghosts and gods will bless. This is why the five emperors and three kings are invincible in the world. Now they abandon the people to help the enemy; Drive Keqing to help other vassal States make contributions. It makes talented people in the world flinch, dare not rashly go west, stop, and dare to take the lead in Qin. This is what is usually called lending weapons to the enemy and sending food to the robbers.
Many things are not made in Qin dynasty, but there are many things that can be regarded as treasures; Talented people were not born in Qin; But there are many capable people who are loyal to Qin. Nowadays, expelling guests to support the enemy country has harmed the interests of the people and increased the strength of the enemy: it has caused its own weakness at home and forged hatred with the princes abroad. It is impossible to make the country not dangerous.
Learning points
In the second paragraph of this article, I analyze: I use induction to reason historically. Taking the four monarchs in the history of Qin State as guests, achieving imperial achievements Note: Remember the names and events of the four monarchs of Qin State.
The third paragraph of this paper analyzes: reasoning from reality. First, a large number of facts are used to explain that the "things" that I love are not produced in Qin Dynasty. Compared with employing people to reject Qin Keqing, it is pointed out that they are contrary to the goal of unifying the world.
Demonstration and reasoning methods of positive and negative contrast.
The second paragraph: The four kings, Mu Gong, Xiao Gong, Hui Wang and Wang Zhao, take "guest work" as a positive exposition, which is in contrast with the negative reasoning of "Shi Xiang";
The third paragraph: the "non-Qin love" for things contrasts with the "begging" for people;
The fourth paragraph: "The reason why the five emperors and three kings are invincible" is in contrast with Qin's "abandoning the leader of Guizhou to defect to the enemy";
The full text compares the harm of expelling customers with the benefits of accepting customers.
Layout writing method (using layout writing method, more using parallelism sentences to complete)
The second paragraph: take it from the west, get it from the east, and welcome it: pull it, melt it into the west, collect it from the north, take it from the south, and package it.
The third paragraph: It is more important to explain that the king of Qin likes treasures, beautiful women and music.
Key paragraph analysis
1, paragraph 2 of the article.
Hierarchical.
Divided into two layers. On the first floor, "In the past, I longed for a scholar-from this point of view, why did the guest defeat Qin Zai?" Prove Ke Qing's contribution in the history of Qin State. Second, it is wrong to fire the guests.
Model law.
The first level is induction, and the second level is comparison.
What is the focus of the appointment of Keqing Emperor by the monarch of the Fourth Qin Dynasty?
Mu Gong strives for hegemony, filial piety reform, Hui Wang expansion, Wang Zhao Anne. The appointment of guest secretaries has its own emphasis, which is conducive to highlighting the functions of guest secretaries.
2. The fourth paragraph of the article.
The central argument of this paragraph.
This paper discusses the harm of expelling guests.
Hierarchical.
Divided into two layers. On the first floor, "I have heard that there are many millet in the world-the reason why these five emperors and three kings are invincible."
The second floor "Today is-"
3. Model law.
The first layer: analogy method; Between the first floor and the second floor: comparison method
Rhetorical methods.
Parallel, binary.
Expand:
Teaching Design of "Persuade the Guest"
Design concept
This paper focuses on intensive reading teaching of The Book of Exciting Guests, supplemented by group reading teaching in unit theme teaching, to guide students to sort out and summarize the similarities and differences of the text features of The Book of Exciting Guests, Zou Ji's Irony and The Book with His Wife, so as to deepen their understanding. As for the intensive teaching of the single article "exhortation to expel guests", take "exhortation" as the lesson eye, and pass "Who admonishes whom?" Why are you protesting? In what way? What is the effect of exhortation? Why is this effect? "Guide students to summarize the writing structure and writing characteristics of this article, that is, the textual characteristics. At the same time, step by step, from special to general, guide students to summarize the common characteristics of the genre of "book"
Textbook analysis
The book of remonstrating and expelling guests is the first text in lesson 2, Unit 5, Book 2, a compulsory Chinese course in senior high school, followed by Lin Juemin's book with his wife. The reading texts of this unit are practical reading and communication texts such as speeches, official documents and general letters, and their humanistic theme is "ambition and mission". Li Si wrote a letter to Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, to dissuade him from withdrawing his marching orders. "Guest" is a guest, referring to people from other vassal States who were officials in Qin at that time. "Book" is a form of official document submitted by ancient courtiers to the emperor. This paper is profound in meaning, always centering on the grand plan of "crossing the sea to control the monarch", and then repeatedly using positive and negative arguments, comparative arguments, causal arguments and other argumentation methods. Through the "technique", it is eloquent and forceful, and the facts are obvious.
Analysis of learning situation
Regarding the three teaching contents of "practical reading and communication", senior one students have learned the article about news media in unit 2 of senior one last semester, and this semester they have also learned the article about knowledge reading in unit 3. Therefore, for senior one students, the study of social articles in this unit can not only increase their overall sexy knowledge of practical texts, but also play a key role in their oral expression and logical thinking training. Therefore, in the teaching process, we should not only pay attention to the characteristics of practical texts, but also pay attention to the personality characteristics of such texts.
Teaching objectives
Based on the above analysis of teaching materials and learning situation, combined with the 20 17 version of the new Chinese curriculum standard for ordinary senior high schools, the teaching objectives of this unit and the related contents of learning tips after class, the teaching objectives of this class are formulated as follows:
1. Consult reference books, combine notes, grasp the meaning of key words and phrases, dredge the meaning of the text and clarify the structure of the text;
2. Understand and be able to express one's point of view by using comparative argumentation, causal argumentation and other argumentation methods and meticulous writing skills in the article, and cultivate strict logic and thinking ability of reasoning and argumentation (teaching focuses on difficulties);
3. Grasp the effectiveness, pertinence and judgmental characteristics of the genre of the book, learn to use comparative thinking to analyze and summarize the text characteristics and genre characteristics, and understand the "ambition and mission" of Li Si and Qin Wang at that time.
Teaching law
Autonomous learning method, group cooperative inquiry method, intensive reading method, mind map construction method, group reading teaching method and so on.
Class arrangement
One class hour
teaching process
First, check the preview and sort out the context of the article.
Preview homework: refer to the reference book, dredge the meaning of the text by yourself, and find the original text of the marching order. Combine the following three materials to understand the writing background of this article.
(Note: The three materials are historical materials and videos related to the content of the Book of Advice. The first material is taken from Sima Guang's Zi Tongzhi Qin Jianji (Volume 1), from "Wen Xin Hou will leave the country in October" to "In a few years, he will die and occupy the world". The second material is an excerpt from Sima Qian's Biography of Li Si in Historical Records, from "Li Si is also a scholar in Chu" to "no war after the attack". The third material is the plot fragments of admonition and marching orders in the TV series Qin Shihuang (No.16 andNo. 17) directed by Yan Jiangang. )
Cut to the chase, directly lead into the classroom, then check the preview and guide the students to sort out the context of the article.
1. Make clear the meaning of the text and master the key words.
First, correct pronunciation and sentences by reading the text aloud, then check the translation of difficult words and sentences by asking students, and then translate the paragraphs at the same table in groups to clarify the meaning of the text. That is, the whole class is divided into three groups, the first group is responsible for the first paragraph, the second group is responsible for the second paragraph, and the third group is responsible for the last two paragraphs, and the full text is translated in the form of mutual translation at the same table (that is, A reads a sentence and B immediately translates a sentence orally) to clarify the meaning.
(Design intention: By asking questions and translating at the same table, while checking the effect of students' autonomous learning, guide them to pay attention to the key words and sentences of the text, which will help to clarify the meaning of the text and pave the way for the next stage to clarify the context of the article. )
2. Clear the general context of the article
Next, after the group discussion, send a representative to speak and summarize the paragraph in one sentence. Finally, guide the students to answer the following four questions: "Who admonishes whom?" "Why are you protesting?" "In what way?" "What is the role of remonstrance?" Guide students to sort out the context of the article.
Clear: The structure of the article is "total score", and Li Si remonstrated with Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, for marching orders, in the form of a book. The remonstrance effect is that "the king of Qin used his tactics to remove the expulsion order and reinstate Li Siguan."
(Design intention: to cultivate students' language generalization ability, improve students' language construction and application quality, and clarify the context of the article at the same time, so as to lay the foundation for the next link of teaching. )
Second, from cause to effect, reveal the mystery of form.
Next, the teaching is divided into sections, focusing on "Why is this effect?" Teach this key question, lead students to analyze the reasons from the results, reveal the mystery of the article form, and summarize the text characteristics of the article.
1. Text Close Reading and Logical Construction
Guide students to read the segmented text carefully, analyze the main content of the article in detail through the logical construction of mind map, and explain how the article reflects the structure of "total score"
Clarity: total (introduction: "stealing is too much") and division (this theory: first, through historical facts, explain "why the guest defeated Qin Zai"; Secondly, by comparing the attitudes of the king of Qin to things and people, the theory of "attaching importance to people is not the art of controlling the sea king" is put forward. Thirdly, by comparing the benefits of accepting guests and expelling guests, it is clarified that expelling guests is a move of "borrowing soldiers to steal food" (conclusion: "not getting it").
Design intention: read the text carefully and guide students to understand the logical structure of the article from the speech content. )
2. Reveal secrets in form and summarize methods.
Combined with the logical construction of speech content, guide students to set out from the form of speech and explain what argumentation methods and artistic techniques are used in the article. At the same time, combined with the mystery of the content and form of the article, answer "Why is this effect?" This key question.
Clarity: argumentation methods (positive and negative argumentation, comparative argumentation, causal argumentation) and artistic techniques (laying out, metaphor, parallelism, parallel and scattered combination). Therefore, it is precisely because of the logical structure of introduction, theory and conclusion, careful selection of materials, comprehensive use of artistic techniques such as exposition, metaphor, parallelism, parallel and scattered combination, and through positive and negative arguments, comparative arguments, causal arguments and other argumentation methods, the article is concise and eloquent, thus achieving the goal of "the king of Qin reinstated the official in order to expel guests."
(Design intention: Pay attention to the important and difficult points of this course, closely follow the teaching objectives, pay attention to the content and form of the speech, and guide students to deepen their understanding of the article from the micro and macro perspectives, and summarize the text characteristics of this article. )
Third, from the special to the general, summarize the category of "book"
1. Use comments to enhance meaning and consolidate textuality.
Combining the following comments of Liu Xie, Li Tu, Lin Yunming and Lu Xun, and combining with the analysis just now, we can understand the text characteristics of this article again.
(1) "Li Sizhi stopped driving away the guests and entered the plane according to the situation, but the conversation turned in the middle. Although he criticized the balance, he succeeded in completing the plan. This book is also good. "-Liu Xie's On Wen Xin Diao Long"
(2) "Everything in the Central Plains did not come from Qin, but was used by Qin. The Jews did not come from Qin, but Qin did not. Repeated discussions have won the law of composition. " -Li Tu "Essentials of Articles"
(3) "If you play with words carefully, there will be an angry period when you put pen to paper. So it's better not to be complicated, suddenly say, suddenly say, suddenly say that there is no clue. " -Lin Yunming's New Meaning of Ancient Chinese
(4) "Legalists generally have less literary talent, but Lisi has a memorial, and there are still Chinese, such as saying' remonstrate and expel guests' ..."
-Lu Xun's Outline of the History of China Literature
2. Take the book as the body and understand the category.
From top to bottom, from special to general, taking the book of exhortation and expulsion as an example, this paper discusses and summarizes the genre characteristics of the book. Similarly, the three groups of students only discussed three questions, namely, "Has Reese's goal been achieved?" "Why did the king of Qin accept Li Si's advice?" "How did Reece develop his argument?" Then the group representatives speak to guide students to understand the practical, targeted and critical literary features of the book.
Clarity: Effectiveness (Li Si's purpose has been achieved. With this letter, the King of Qin immediately took back his life, from chasing customers to staying, using customers and paying attention to customers. From this, the characteristics of the book are summarized, such as practicality, attention to effect and pertinence (why did Qin Wang accept Li Si's suggestion? The reason is that Lisi avoided talking about his career, completely focused on the interests of Qin, and tried to figure out the wishes and ideas of Qin Wang from the perspective of people's livelihood, always catering to the psychological needs of Qin Wang. From this, it summarizes the targeted characteristics and judgment of the book (how did Reese develop his own argument? From ancient times to now, from light to heavy, step by step, there are both powerful "theories" and "stealing too much" decisions. So as to summarize the judgmental characteristics of "book").
Design intention: Guide students to grasp the genre characteristics of "book" and deeply understand the practicality and pertinence of the article. )
Fourth, class summary and homework.
1. course summary
Summarize the class briefly according to the blackboard writing, and guide the students to sort out the text content and discourse characteristics again.
2. Homework after class
(1) Choose one of the following materials and write a short essay as required. Requirements: Combining factual basis with theoretical basis, using causal argument, comparative argument and other methods, the number of words is between 300 and 400, and it is written in standardized modern Chinese.
(1) Material 1:
On February 2nd, the Notice of Emergency Disposal Expropriation issued by Dali Municipal Health Bureau of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture aroused social concern. The "Notice" shows that in order to effectively strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic, the Dali Municipal People's Government decided to "urgently requisition" nine masks sent from Ruili City, Yunnan Province to Chongqing according to law. The notice also stated that the expropriated person should apply to Dali Health Bureau for emergency compensation within 1 year from the date of receiving the compensation notice. Failing to file an application within the time limit without justifiable reasons shall be deemed as giving up the right to compensation. According to media reports, after Dali detained the materials, Chongqing sent a letter asking for it, but because the masks had been issued and used, they could not be recovered.
-People's Network
If you are a staff member of Dali Health and Wellness Bureau, and you learn about it from your colleagues on February 2, and you are going to write a book about advising the requisition of materials and asking the leaders to reconsider it, what would you write?
② Material 2:
At present, there is employment discrimination against workers in areas with serious epidemic situation. Looking through the reports, some Hubei workers were unreasonably dismissed by the company because of their ID cards "42", and some were rejected by the company because they recently worked in Hubei; In the recruitment information of some enterprises, it is bluntly said that "Hubei people are full, please do not register", and some Hubei employees are not allowed to return to work. Even people who have never been to Hubei during the epidemic have "entered another book".
—— China Youth Daily
If you are the head of the human resources department of a company, and the boss hints not to recruit people from Hubei when recruiting, and you are going to write a book "Reject Hubei" for your boss, what will you do?
(2) Read The Wife's Book and Zou Ji's Satire on the King of Qi to Be Trained, complete the form and discuss it in the next class.
Zou Ji satirized Shangshu, King of Qi, Exhortation and Expulsion, and Wife's Letter.
type
target
purpose
attitude
hue
means of expression
Stylistic choice
(Design intention: The implementation of the task force of "Practical Reading and Communication" will ultimately be implemented in oral expression. Combined with the humanistic theme of "Ambition and Mission" in this unit, two current events during the COVID-19 epidemic were taken as materials, which not only highlighted the practicality, but also highlighted the sense of the times. At the same time, setting group reading topics combined with after-class learning tips can not only guide students to better grasp the generic characteristics of "books" and the chapter characteristics of articles, but also pave the way for the next class and implement the whole unit teaching idea. )
V. Blackboard Design