Q: Director Xiao, as an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, would you please talk about what kind of disease diabetes is? What are the clinical manifestations of diabetes?
Xiao Wu: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. The harm of diabetes to human health occurs unconsciously and will cause many complications. Acute complications, such as ketoacidosis, can directly endanger patients' lives, while chronic complications, such as coronary heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, gangrene and other vascular diseases, nephropathy, cataract neuritis and so on. , can greatly reduce people's health level, quality of life and ability to work, and can cause myocardial infarction, blindness, renal failure, amputation, hemiplegia and premature death in severe cases. It, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension are also called the three killers that endanger human physical and mental health.
The clinical manifestations of diabetes mainly include "three more and one less": drinking more, eating more, urinating more and losing weight. In addition, there will be dry skin, itching, hunger, decreased vision, blurred vision, frequent fatigue and fatigue.
Q: How to control and prevent diabetes? How to treat diabetes?
Xiao Wu: To control and prevent diabetes, specifically, we should do four things, namely "know more", "eat less", "be diligent" and "relax". "Know more" means to know more about the etiology, symptoms, complications, prevention knowledge and treatment of diabetes, and learn more about the basic knowledge of diabetes prevention and treatment through books, newspapers, radio and television. "Eating less" means reducing the daily calorie intake. It is suggested to eat "80% full", avoid being fat and sweet, eat more coarse grains and vegetables, and ban smoking and alcohol. "Diligence" refers to strengthening physical exercise to avoid overweight and obesity; "Relaxation" means keeping a normal mind, avoiding psychological stimulation, striving to be cheerful and open-minded, optimistic, combining work and rest, and avoiding excessive tension and fatigue.
Got diabetes, how to treat it? Here, I will introduce some common treatments to you. First, diet therapy, control total calories, reasonable diet. The second is exercise therapy. It is necessary to "persevere and do what you can", so that patients can adhere to appropriate physical exercise for a long time, keep their blood sugar level normal and keep fit. Third, drug therapy, doctors choose hypoglycemic drugs and drugs for lowering blood pressure, viscosity and blood lipid according to clinical needs, so as to control the patient's blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar at a certain level; Fourth, it is necessary to do a good job in monitoring diabetes, and regularly monitor various indicators according to the needs of the disease, which is conducive to guiding the next treatment.
Q: Recently, our hospital organized medical staff to screen the high-risk population of diabetes in the mining area and surrounding rural areas. What is the high-risk group of diabetes? What is the significance of screening high-risk groups?
Xiao Wu: The high-risk group of diabetes, in layman's terms, is the high-risk group of diabetes. Mainly refers to over 40 years old; Obesity, weight ≥ 1.20% of ideal weight; First-degree relatives of diabetic patients (diabetes has genetic factors); Give birth to a giant baby (weight >; 4Kg) or have a history of gestational diabetes; Hypertension; Hyperlipidemia; Habitual physical activity is less; People with impaired glucose tolerance or people whose blood sugar is higher than normal. Anyone is a high-risk group. Through screening, pre-diabetes and diabetic patients can be found early.
Pre-diabetes refers to people whose blood sugar rises, who fail to meet the diagnostic criteria of diabetes and have reached the final threshold of diabetes. For patients with pre-diabetes, in addition to taking a reasonable diet (according to the doctor's advice), properly enhancing physical activity and maintaining normal ideal weight, they should also go to the hospital for regular re-examination, actively participate in diabetes health education activities and actively treat other related diseases, so as to effectively control blood sugar. For pre-diabetes, through lifestyle changes and effective prevention and control, one-third of people can avoid diabetes for life. Through screening, on the one hand, early detection, early prevention and early treatment can be achieved, on the other hand, bad living habits of high-risk groups can be improved, high-risk early warning can be lifted, and people can move towards health. At the same time, through screening, every high-risk patient or diabetic can identify the following problems: 1. Do I have diabetes? 2. What type of diabetes am I? 3. What is the status of my diabetes, and is it complicated with other metabolic abnormalities or lesions? 4. Do I have diabetes complications? 5, what kind of treatment should be chosen, whether the current treatment is effective, and whether it should be changed. 6. How often should you review, what to review, and so on.
Q: As the only national second-class hospital between Luoyang and Sanmenxia, what has our general hospital done in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetes in recent years?
Xiao Wu: In order to better serve the people in the mining area and its surrounding areas, in June 2002, our hospital set up a diabetes diagnosis and treatment cooperation group composed of experts from Chinese and Western medicine, internal medicine, inspection, nursing and other related departments, and established a diabetes patient association to provide diabetes patients with free education on diabetes health knowledge every month, guide them to take medicine, including daily life style, diet adjustment and mentality adjustment, and supervise them. At present, screening, consultation and free clinic activities for high-risk groups are being carried out in mining areas and communities, aiming at letting people know more about diabetes, preventing and treating it by groups, curbing the high incidence of diabetes and reducing its harm.