Emergency treatment of sudden myocardial infarction
Acute myocardial infarction is the most serious cardiac emergency and one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death in middle-aged and elderly people. Many families don't know the first aid measures, resulting in irreparable consequences. In life, we may encounter the phenomenon that someone has a sudden myocardial infarction. At this time, people will be very flustered and don't know how to give first aid, which will delay the treatment of patients and threaten their lives.
1, keep calling the patient's name to keep him awake and never pass out; You'd better prepare a small bottle of agarwood oil with you. At this time, first drop a few drops of agarwood oil on the patient's tongue.
2. Press the patient with your fingers until wrinkles appear between the eyebrows of the patient.
3. Hold an empty fist, press the patient's chest from halfway up the mountain to the crown area, and * * * the heart muscles.
4. Hold an empty fist in the right hand, overlap with the left hand, and roll the patient's chest from right to left with the strength of the body; Remind patients to inhale when pressing and rolling, and exhale when releasing their hands. Continue to do this until the patient's shoulders move and his face improves.
Manifestations of myocardial infarction
1, halo
50%-8 1.2% of the patients had symptoms such as fatigue, chest tightness, palpitation, shortness of breath, dysphoria and angina pectoris in the first few days, among which new angina pectoris and original angina pectoris were the most prominent, angina pectoris occurred more frequently than before, and nitroglycerin was less effective, so we should be alert to the possibility of myocardial infarction.
2. Symptoms
Pain first appears, mostly in the early morning. The location and nature of pain are the same as angina pectoris, but the degree is heavier and lasts for a long time, which can reach several hours or longer. Rest or nitroglycerin can't relieve it. Patients are often fidgety, sweaty, afraid, and may be accompanied by a sense of near death. A small number of patients have no pain at first, showing shock or acute heart failure. Some patients have upper abdominal pain, which is easy to be misdiagnosed. There are systemic symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, leukocytosis and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Fever usually occurs 24 ~ 48 hours after the onset of pain, and the body temperature lasts for about one week at about 38℃. Severe pain is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, flatulence is not uncommon, and severe cases have hiccups; Arrhythmia mostly occurs 1 ~ 2 days after onset, and is most common within 24 hours.
Ventricular arrhythmia is the most common, especially ventricular premature beats. Ventricular fibrillation is the main cause of death in the early stage of myocardial infarction, especially before admission. Atrioventricular block and bundle branch block are also more; Hypotension and shock shock often occur within hours to days after onset, mainly cardiogenic; Heart failure is mainly acute left heart failure, which can occur in the first few days of onset.
3. Symbols
Cardiac signs: the heart boundary is enlarged, the heart rate is fast, the first heart sound at the apex is weakened, and the fourth heart sound can appear, and there is pericardial fricative sound in 2 ~ 3 days. Rough systolic murmurs or mid-late systolic clicks may appear in the apical region, which is caused by the dysfunction or rupture of mitral valve muscles, and various arrhythmias may occur.
Blood pressure drops.
There may be other signs related to arrhythmia, shock or heart failure.
Etiology of myocardial infarction
1, coronary atherosclerosis
Unstable atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery ruptures and erodes, followed by bleeding and intracavitary thrombosis, resulting in partial or complete acute occlusion of coronary artery, but collateral circulation is not fully established, and myocardial ischemia of the corresponding blood supply part of coronary artery lasts for more than 20-30 minutes, which may lead to myocardial infarction. This is the most common cause of myocardial infarction, and about 70% of fatal events are caused by plaque rupture.
The causes of plaque rupture, bleeding and thrombosis are:
From 6 a.m. to 12 a.m., sympathetic nerve activity is enhanced, stress reactivity of the body is increased, myocardial contractility, heart rate and blood pressure are increased, and coronary artery tension is increased. After a full meal, especially after eating a lot of fat, blood lipids increase and blood viscosity increases; When heavy physical activity, excessive emotion, sharp rise of blood pressure or forced defecation, the left ventricular load is obviously aggravated; Shock, dehydration, bleeding, operation or severe arrhythmia lead to a sharp decline in cardiac output and coronary perfusion.
2. Non-coronary atherosclerosis
Occasionally caused by coronary artery embolism, inflammation, congenital malformation, spasm, coronary artery occlusion, etc.
Diet for treat myocardial infarction
First, pay attention to diet, avoid alcohol, coffee, lean meat, exquisite condiments and so on.
Avoid sex diets: alcohol, coffee, cola, cigarettes, etc. Have some sex with the body. Avoid eating cod liver oil and drinks with such substances: pay attention to avoid eating cod liver oil; Don't eat lean meat and condiments: pigs, cattle, mutton and finely seasoned food, sugar, white flour, etc. Are not suitable for eating.
Because eating refined sugar is easy to cause various changes in blood sugar, it is easy to make all cells in the body produce harmful substances and cause uncomfortable reactions. The fluctuation of blood sugar in the body is easy to threaten the stability of intracellular sugar.
Second, supplement essential fatty acids: human health needs some fatty acids, which are necessary for the human body.
The diet of patients with myocardial infarction needs to be supplemented, and healthy people should pay more attention to it, because essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized naturally in the body and must be obtained through food supply. The three essential fatty acids in human body are linolenic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.
In addition, you should eat more vegetable oils compressed at low temperature, such as olive oil, peanut oil, linseed oil and black vinegar millet oil, which all contain unsaturated fatty acids and belong to a kind of polyunsaturated fat.
Third, limit calorie intake and reduce the burden on the heart.
Especially in the early stage of the disease, we should eat less and eat more meals, mainly liquid, and avoid too cold and overheated meals. With the improvement of the disease, semi-liquid food can be appropriately increased to increase heat energy. It is allowed to eat moderate amounts of lean meat, fish, fruits, etc. Keep the gastrointestinal tract unobstructed at all times to prevent overexertion during defecation.
Fourth, pay attention to the balance of sodium and potassium, increase the intake of magnesium appropriately, and prevent or reduce complications.
Especially the occurrence and development of arrhythmia and heart failure. A low-salt diet is generally recommended, but if there is too much sodium loss in urine in the acute stage, there is no need to limit sodium too much. The intake of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the diet should be adjusted at any time according to the condition.
Five, acute myocardial infarction with cardiac insufficiency, often gastrointestinal dysfunction, more attention should be paid to diet.
On/0/-2 days after onset, only liquid food such as hot water juice, rice soup, honey water and lotus root powder was given, 6-7 times a day, each time 100- 150 ml. If the patient's heart function improves and the pain is relieved, he can gradually increase some diets, such as lean meat, steamed egg white, and thin rice porridge. With the recovery of the disease, coronary heart disease can be treated with diet 6 weeks after illness, but the diet still needs to be soft and digestible.
Guess you are interested in: