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Chopin wrote about 200 works in his life. Most of them are piano music, including two piano concertos, three piano sonatas, four ballads, four scherzos, 24 preludes, 20 etudes, 18 Polish dance music and four impromptu songs. Schumann once praised Chopin's music as "a cannon hidden among flowers" and solemnly declared to the world: "Poland will not perish."
The Anshi Rebellion is an important event in the history of China and a turning point in the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Ann refers to An Lushan (also refers to An Qingxu) and history refers to Shi Siming (also refers to Shi Chaoyi). An Shi Rebellion means that they rose up against a rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. The Anshi Rebellion lasted for eight years, from the 14th year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755) to the end of the first year of Baoying in Tang Daizong (762). This historical event was caused by various social contradictions at that time and had a great influence on the late Tang Dynasty. There are many reasons for the Anshi Rebellion, which is a concentrated reflection of various social contradictions, including the contradiction between the ruling class and the people, the contradiction within the rulers, the national contradiction and the contradiction between the central and local separatist forces.
3 Jin State (111234) was a dynasty established in the history of China, with Huining House as its capital (now Baicheng Town, Acheng, Heilongjiang Province), and then moved to Yanjing (now Beijing) and Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province). Its founder is Jin Taizu and Hong Yan Akuta. The ancestors of the Jurchen nationality lived in Changbai Mountain and Heilongjiang Valley for a long time. In the Five Dynasties, the name of Nuzhen began to appear in history books and was ruled by Qidan. After the establishment of the tribal alliance headed by the Jurchen Wanyan Department, the various departments of Jurchen quickly unified. Since then, the development of the Jurchen nationality has entered a new era. In the fourth year of Liao Tianqing (AD 1 1 14), in September, Akuta, the leader of the Jurchen nationality, led his troops to swear allegiance to Lailiu River (now Lalin River between Heilongjiang and Jilin Province) and declared war on the rulers of Qidan in Liao Dynasty. After he won the battle between Ningjiang Victory and Chuhedian, he was proclaimed emperor and founded the country in the fifth year of Liao Tianqing (AD115), with the title of Daikin and the title of the country. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Jin Dynasty defeated the Liao army in the battle to protect the steps and answer the questions, and then launched the war to destroy Liao with the strategic goal of Liao, Wujing and Beijing. The steps before and after the capture of the five capitals were Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), Shangjing (now south of Zuo Qi, Bahrain, Inner Mongolia), Zhongjing (now a famous city west of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia), Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi) and Nanjing (now Beijing). After five visits to Beijing, the Liao Dynasty immediately perished. After Jin destroyed Liao, it became an enemy of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Jin Taizong ascended the throne, he wiped out the forces of Liao, and quickly went south. In the fifth year of Tianhui (A.D. 1 127), he wiped out the Northern Song Dynasty. After that, Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty fought many times, and the southern attack and the northern expedition were unable to change the situation of confrontation between the north and the south.
During the coexistence of Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty and Xixia, he forced Xixia ministers to attach themselves to the Southern Song Dynasty, humiliated them to make peace, and always maintained his hegemonic position. However, with the rise of Mongolia, Kim's status as a powerful country has been threatened. The feud with the Mongols is very deep, and the Mongols "complain into the bone marrow" about gold. Shanxi is adjacent to Mongolia in the northwest, Xixia in the west and Southern Song Dynasty in the south. Being in the land of three wars in the northwest and south, its strategic position is obviously weak. In the strategy of dealing with the Three Kingdoms, Jin's correct choice is to unite Xia and Song Dynasties against Mongolia. Combined with Xixia, Mongolia can be contained from west to south. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Genghis Khan "decided to discuss gold, but did not dare to act rashly". The important reason is that he is worried about the possible side threat when Xixia attacked gold. United with the Southern Song Dynasty, you can avoid worries, avoid fighting on both sides, and do your best to deal with Mongolia. However, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty mistakenly chose the strategy of rejecting Xia, attacking Song and resisting Mongolia. As a result, they made enemies on three sides and isolated themselves, which led to a sharp turn for the worse. Mongolia attacked Xixia, Xixia turned to Jin for help, and Jin was helpless. Xixia United with Mongolia to attack gold, and gold was in a dilemma between the west and the north. In order to relieve the pressure, Jin moved the capital from China to Bianjing, and adopted the strategy of abandoning the north and introducing the south, attacking the Southern Song Dynasty in an attempt to beggar his neighbor and lose to Mongolia, thus benefiting the Song Dynasty. Therefore, "Nankai Song, the west invaded the summer, and the strength was divided to make up for it." As a result, the northern Jin Dynasty was completely defeated by Mongolia, while the southern Jin Dynasty was defeated by the Song Dynasty. The land is shrinking and the national strength is declining. Under the attack of Mongolia and Song Dynasty, it was "humiliating the country".
Jin * * * calendar nine emperors, before and after one hundred and twenty years. At its peak, the territory reached Xing 'an Mountains in the north, Huaihe River in the south, Haiyu in the east and Shaanxi in the west, with a population of more than 44.7 million.
The political, military and economic systems of the State of Jin have changed before and after. Jurchen tribal alliance adopts the system of national phase, and both national phase and tribal alliance leaders are fiercely divided into various ministries. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the national phase system was abolished and an auxiliary political system was established. At the beginning, there were four extremely fierce (the original meaning is official): class is extremely fierce, nationality is extremely fierce, nationality is extremely fierce, and nationality is extremely fierce. Later, the State Council Room B was added to form the highest ruling body below the Emperor. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty, after occupying the land of Liao and Song, many Liao and Song systems were adopted. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty, various systems were reformed. King Hailing of Jin moved the capital to Zhongdu (now Beijing) to unify the system and further reform. In Jin Shizong, this system is generally established. The central government set Shangshu Province to be responsible for government affairs, which consists of six parts: officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, punishments and workers. There are four levels of local government: Dao, Fu, Zhou and County.
Agriculture, handicrafts and commerce were the main social and economic sectors in the Jin Dynasty, and the economic development in different regions varied greatly. Although the Jin culture retained and absorbed some cultural traditions of the Jurchen nationality, it basically inherited the Han culture in Liao and Song Dynasties. In the second year of Tianxing (AD 1234), the State of Jin was destroyed under the joint attack of Mongolian army and Song Jun.