Enlightenment 1: the leap-forward development of non-public economy in "three cities"
For more than 20 years since the reform and opening up, Wenzhou has found the lowest effective starting point from "one car with two wheels", that is, the "car" for developing commodity economy and the "two wheels" for family industry and professional market, creating a situation in which thousands of households engage in family industry and thousands of troops develop individual and private economy, and creating a "Wenzhou model" for the rapid development of non-public economy. Since the reform and opening up, Ningbo's non-public economy has experienced four stages: allowing development, encouraging development, liberalizing development and improving development. Non-public ownership economy has become the locomotive leading Ningbo's economic and social development.
Since 1982 Yiwu established the development strategy of "prospering businesses and building counties", relying on the market to develop small commodity manufacturing industry, the block economy of "small commodities, made in Yiwu" has risen rapidly. The development of non-public economy and the prosperity of the market have promoted the development of logistics industry and convention and exhibition industry. "Yiwu China Commodity Fair" attracted more than 6,000 merchants from more than 100 countries to purchase goods in Yiwu permanently, and Yiwu has become an international trade city.
Enlightenment 2: The new trend of non-public economy development in "three cities"
1, the trend of grouping and demutualization is more obvious. Wenzhou non-public enterprises have set up more than 130 groups, and a number of large-scale national enterprise groups without regions have emerged. At present, a considerable number of enterprises in the "three cities" are gradually transitioning to the modern enterprise system, and have been promoting three major changes: First, the property rights of enterprises are changing from centralized closure to diversified opening, and the door of property rights is open not only to those with capital, but also to those with knowledge, technology and management decision-making ability, leading to the demutualization of production factors. Second, the system reform of the board of directors. The main trend is that the board of directors and the management team are integrated, and the directors and managers are relatively separated. External expert directors and internal executive directors complement each other, and the functions of the board of directors and the management team are separated, forming an effective mechanism of checks and balances. The third is the reform of the entrepreneur system. Some enterprises have hired general managers from the society, and entrepreneurs have become professional and market-oriented, forming a new management decision-making mechanism. The development of enterprise collectivization and shareholding system is a leap in the scale and grade of non-public economy and an innovation in institutional structure.
2. Regionalization features are more prominent. Ningbo regional block economy and local characteristic industrial parks such as "one place, one product" and "one village, one product" have developed rapidly, with an output value of over 100 million yuan reaching more than 90 pieces. Shoe leather, clothing, lighter, lamps, etc. Wenzhou has become a considerable production and sales base. With China Commodity City as the core, Yiwu has established more than 10 professional markets and more than 30 professional streets. The socialized division of labor in this regional block economy and the degree of specialization and cooperation are very high. At the same time, the supporting large-scale production materials market, product trading market, professional design institutions, information institutions and exhibition institutions determine their low production costs and sensitive market reflection ability, form the group scale of non-public economic enterprises, and give play to the agglomeration advantages, brands and leading effects of production factors such as technology and capital.
3. The degree of marketization is getting higher and higher. Wenzhou people have set up more than 170 markets all over the country, and only 104 wholesale markets and enterprises have been established in Brazil, Russia, United Arab Emirates and other countries. Yiwu's small commodities have been exported to more than 90 countries and regions. More than 300,000 people in Ningbo are employed in 54 overseas countries and regions, and their products are distributed in almost all countries on five continents. With the continuous updating of modern electronic communication means such as program-controlled telephones, mobile phones and the Internet, many enterprises have also got rid of their dependence on the tangible market, entered the Internet, developed e-commerce and participated in the network economy, so that the non-public economy of the "three cities" is closely linked with the national market and the international market.
4. The level of intensification has been gradually improved. Through years of cultivation, Yiwu has gradually formed competitive industries such as clothing, knitting, stationery, ornaments, color printing, zippers, handicrafts and toys. , and established 17 "commodity research and development center", and established cooperative relations with dozens of well-known domestic universities. Many enterprises in Wenzhou rely on large enterprises, scientific research institutions and universities to increase technology development. Actively use modern information technology to occupy the market from the commanding heights of technology. A large number of large-scale and climactic enterprises are transforming from family management to modern enterprise system. The development of non-public economy began to change from extensive management to intensive management, and gradually realized the strategic change from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement.
Revelation 3: Suggestions on promoting the development of Zunyi's non-public economy.
1. Promote industrial upgrading and innovation, and improve the modernization level of the non-public economy.
The first is to combine the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries with the development of high-tech industries. Guide enterprises to actively use high-tech and advanced applicable technologies to transform and upgrade traditional advantageous industries such as wine, medicine, bamboo, electricity and aluminum, and increase their proportion in the national economy. Second, according to the principle of specialized division of labor and economies of scale, through merger, association and reorganization, we will strive to develop large companies and groups into industry leaders, guide Zunyi SMEs to establish cooperative relations with them, join their industrial chains, improve market share and resist market fluctuations, and promote the rapid development of SMEs. The third is to establish three major projects: enterprise network, government network and home network, actively use information technology to arm enterprises, and infiltrate information technology into business decision-making, internal management, product development, quality control, process innovation, equipment transformation and marketing, so as to promote the rapid leap-forward development of the non-public economy. The fourth is to speed up the construction of characteristic industrial parks, form the overall scale advantage of the region, and speed up the construction of a number of comprehensive industrial parks, characteristic industrial parks and specialized production bases with large scale and high industrial relevance. Reflect new features and form new advantages.
2. Promote institutional innovation and management innovation, and enhance the vitality of the non-public economy.
First, in the ownership structure, we will continue to take the development of individual and private non-public sectors of the economy as an important economic growth point, and actively encourage, support, guide and manage them to make them develop healthily. Encourage and guide all kinds of ownership components to give full play to their respective advantages, optimize the combination of capital, technology, talents and brands according to the laws of market economy, establish a * * * complementary mechanism, further promote the development of diversified mixed ownership economy and form new development advantages. Second, in the enterprise system, strive to make large enterprises basically establish a modern enterprise system and improve and perfect the internal corporate governance structure; For enterprises that have established a corporate system, we should guide them to improve and truly establish a balance mechanism between the interests of owners and operators; Adjust the ownership structure of enterprises, actively promote technology stocks, project stocks, management stocks, marketing stocks and other essential stocks, and promote the diversification and socialization of equity. Third, in enterprise management, we should guide a large number of family enterprises linked by geography, consanguinity and kinship, implement scientific management, promote management modernization, actively use and develop the capital market, support and encourage private enterprises to go public, and vigorously promote capital management; Using modern management means, we will vigorously promote joint marketing, logistics and distribution, multimodal transport, online sales, virtual management and other marketing means to promote market form innovation.
3. Promote the transformation of government functions and the innovation of management system, and create a fair competitive development environment for the non-public economy.
Combined with the reform of government institutions, we will further standardize the government's economic and social management behavior, improve the efficiency of government administration and public service, provide less intervention, more guidance, less accusations, more services, less checkpoints, more coordination and less wrangling to the non-public economy, truly integrate management, inspection and supervision into services, and create a more relaxed and good environment for the development of the non-public economy. Non-public enterprises should be encouraged to create "famous brands", and the government should reward enterprises that have obtained national, provincial and municipal advantages. It is necessary to reduce the government's administrative examination and approval of economic affairs and gradually implement the registration system. Strengthen administration according to law, open government affairs, and promote scientific, democratic and legal administration. It is necessary to standardize the market order and the behavior of market participants. Give full play to the role of trade management and self-management of chambers of commerce at all levels, associations of individual workers, private enterprise associations and various trade associations, and effectively prevent disorderly competition. Take active measures to guide the non-public economy to invest in efficient agriculture, develop high-quality service industries, set up industries such as science and technology, education, culture, health and sports, participate in urban construction and infrastructure construction, and promote the rapid, coordinated and sustainable development of the non-public economy.