Article 1
Good afternoon, teachers and students!
A: 65438+February 1, 20* is the * * th World AIDS Day. The theme of this year's World AIDS Day in China is "* *", and the subtitle is "* *". The purpose is to call on the whole society to actively participate in AIDS prevention and control, share the responsibility and obligation of prevention and control, and work together to curb the AIDS epidemic.
Students, do you know how to prevent AIDS?
AIDS is a serious infectious disease caused by HIV, and there is no effective vaccine to prevent it. After being infected with HIV, you will become a virus carrier and will not get sick for a long time. You can't see it from the outside, but it can infect others. If we don't know the knowledge of prevention, there will be the possibility of infection, which will seriously affect our further studies and employment.
198 1 After the first case of AIDS was discovered in the United States, the spread of HIV around the world was amazing. According to the report of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as of 201365438+1October 3 1, there are 389443 people infected with HIV and AIDS in China.
At present, our society is very complicated. In study and life, students should know some necessary knowledge about AIDS prevention and control, and prevent and control AIDS by changing bad behaviors.
A: First of all, we don't have to be afraid of AIDS. The following daily life and work will not spread AIDS:
AIDS will not spread through the air, and eating or drinking together, shaking hands, hugging, kissing politely, eating, working together, using labor tools, office supplies, coins, bedding, and swimming with HIV-infected people or patients will not spread AIDS. Mosquito bites do not spread AIDS.
B: AIDS spreads through three ways: first, sexual contact: the more * * *, the greater the risk of infection; Second, blood transmission: injecting drugs with unsterilized syringes and needles, importing blood or blood products containing HIV, and using various unsterilized or unsterilized medical instruments, such as needles, acupuncture needles, dental instruments, beauty instruments, razors, toothbrushes, etc. Third, women infected with AIDS can transmit the virus to their children during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
A: After understanding the route of transmission of AIDS, we can prevent it from the following aspects:
1. Be law-abiding, honest, and abide by sexual ethics;
2. Don't take drugs in any way and stay away from drugs.
3. Do not use untested blood products to reduce unnecessary blood transfusion.
4. Don't go to medical institutions with poor disinfection for injections, tooth extraction, acupuncture, beauty and surgery.
5. Don't use a toothbrush or razor.
6. Avoid contact with the blood of the injured in daily work and life.
B: Although we don't have effective treatment drugs at present, as long as we lead an honest and clean life and pay attention to prevention, we won't be easily infected with AIDS. Let's act together to promote the construction of a safe, civilized, hygienic and harmonious campus and create a healthy and safe living and learning environment!
H: Today's campus broadcast is over. Thank you for listening. See you at the same time tomorrow!
the second
M: In today's knowledge garden, we want to talk to you about AIDS.
The medical name of AIDS is "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". "aids" is the transliteration of its abbreviation "AIDS" in Ying Ying.
Female: "Immune deficiency" means "something is wrong with the immune function". Our normal human body has certain resistance to harmful microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. We call it immunity. It is precisely because of this ability that the human body will resist the invasion of germs in time, and will not get sick every day and live a healthy life. However, HIV destroys human immunity. Therefore, AIDS patients will be very vulnerable: some bacteria and viruses that are not pathogenic to ordinary people will take advantage of it, and a very light disease in ordinary people will become a very serious incurable disease in them. The so-called "syndrome" means that AIDS shows complex and diverse symptoms.
M: hiv is also called "human immunodeficiency virus" or "HIV" for short. HIV is too small to be seen under ordinary microscope. After HIV enters the human body, it mainly destroys the white blood cells of the human body. In addition, the virus mutates rapidly, which makes it very difficult to develop preventive vaccines.
Female: AIDS virus directly invades the human immune system, interferes with and destroys immune cells with anti-infection ability, and makes the human body's disease resistance decline.
HIV is very fragile, and HIV outside white blood cells will soon die in the external environment. Common disinfectants, such as "84" disinfectant, bleaching powder, disinfectant and alcohol, can be killed.
M: When the virus in the body of an HIV carrier grows to a certain amount, his immune function is also damaged to a certain extent, which means that his resistance is already very low. At this time, the real germs enter the human body in weakness, causing various diseases, such as severe diarrhea, pneumonia, various cancers and even dementia. Patients at this time are called AIDS patients. Finally, AIDS patients often die of physical failure caused by these diseases.
Female: From HIV-infected people to AIDS patients, it is as short as a few months, as long as ten years, or even longer, with an average of 7- 10 years. HIV-infected people in this period seem to be able to work, live and study normally like normal people, but they are contagious, and the virus in their bodies can spread to others through certain channels.
Male: Healthy people can't test HIV antibody in blood immediately after being infected with HIV, but they can test it two to three months later. The period from HIV infection to detection is called window period. Only after the window period can hiv antibodies be detected in the blood of infected people to confirm whether a person is infected with hiv.
W: The period from HIV infection to AIDS development is called incubation period. The incubation period can be as short as 6 months to 1 year, usually 5 to 7 years, and the longest can reach 10 year.
When a person is infected with HIV, because of the long incubation period, there are no symptoms at all for a long time. He looks and feels like a healthy person. Even infected people do not know that they have been infected with hiv if they are found to be hiv-positive without blood sampling. The incubation period is highly contagious, and the virus can be transmitted to others through blood and blood. Therefore, anyone who suspects that there is a chance to be infected with HIV should take the initiative to consult a doctor or accept HIV antibody testing.
M: The infection period refers to the period when the infected person or patient has the ability to transmit the virus to others. As far as AIDS is concerned, it is an infectious period from infection to death.
Generally speaking, HIV-infected people are more contagious in the window period and onset period of AIDS. Although the infectivity of asymptomatic period is lower than that of window period and onset period of AIDS, its average time is about 8 to 10 years, so it plays a very important role in virus transmission.
Female: 65438+February 5th The red ribbon is a symbol of international concern about AIDS prevention and treatment. In the late 1980s, people regarded AIDS as a terrible disease, and AIDS patients were discriminated against. At a world AIDS conference, HIV-infected people and patients called for people's understanding in unison. A long red ribbon was thrown across the venue, and supporters cut it into small pieces and pinned the folded red ribbon to their chests. Since then,
Man: The red ribbon, like a bond, closely links people all over the world. Fighting AIDS symbolizes people's care and support for HIV-infected people and patients, their love for life and their desire for peace, and their dedication to AIDS prevention and treatment.
W: Finally, let's go into the column of "sharing good songs". Today I want to recommend a song "The Fruit of Hawthorn Tree" to you.
M: At the end of the program, we gave this song to everyone.
Man: Time flies. It's time to say goodbye again
Teachers and students, this broadcast is over.
W: Thank you for listening. Goodbye!
Article
Student:
65438+February 1 day is World AIDS Day. Around this year's theme of "mobilizing the whole people, curbing AIDS and fulfilling promises", we know about AIDS.
First, what is AIDS?
Aids AIDS is a serious infectious disease caused by a transcriptase virus-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV for short) invading the human body, destroying the immune function of the human body and eventually leading to the death of the infected person. The full medical name of AIDS is "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" AIDS. From this name, we can know the complete concept of AIDS: acquired: indicating that the etiology is acquired rather than innate. Immunodeficiency: refers to the pathogenesis, which mainly damages the human immune system, leading to the reduction and loss of the protective function of the immune system. The common characteristics of immunodeficiency diseases are: 1. Susceptibility to infection increased significantly; 2. It is prone to malignant tumors; 3. The clinical and pathological manifestations are diverse. Syndrome: refers to a complex symptom group caused by opportunistic infections of various systems and tumors caused by immune deficiency in clinical symptoms.
Once the human body is infected with HIV, it will devour and destroy a large number of T4 lymphocytes, which is the most important in the human immune system, thus destroying the human immune system, leading to the collapse of the immune system, and finally making the body lose its disease resistance. At this time, various pathogens and microorganisms can invade the human body through blood and broken wounds. Some abnormal cells in the body, such as cancer cells, can also grow and multiply rapidly and develop into various cancers, thus leading to various functional failures and deaths of the human body.
Second, AIDS has the following characteristics.
1. The pathogen of AIDS is a retrovirus. The reproductive ability is very fast.
2. HIV does not destroy an organ of the human body, but destroys the immune system of the human body, thus causing damage to multiple organs. HIV is a T4-loving lymphocyte, which plays a central role in the cellular immune system. It can promote B cells to produce antibodies and neurotoxic viruses, and destroy human immune system and brain tissue.
3. HIV mutates very quickly. At present, two variants have been identified: type ⅰ and type ⅱ. Type ⅰ has subtype 12, and type ⅱ has subtype 6.
4. The antibodies produced by people infected with HIV have no antibody protection effect on human body. If the test is positive, you will be infected with HIV.
5. HIV has poor survival ability outside the human body, is not resistant to high temperature, has low resistance, is not easy to survive without the human body, and can only survive for a few hours to a few days at room temperature. Sensitive to heat, inactivated at 56 degrees for 30 minutes; Sensitive to a variety of chemicals, such as 75% alcohol, 2.5% sulfur tincture, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and other commonly used disinfectants, 1 minute inactivation; Not sensitive to ultraviolet rays.
Third, the process of AIDS infection.
HIV has a complete process from infection to onset, which is divided into four stages: acute infection period, incubation period, pre-AIDS period and typical AIDS period. Of course, not every infected person will have four stages of performance, but patients at each stage of disease can see it clinically.
1, acute infection period, window period is also at this time. The response of HIV to * * * after attacking human body. In acute infection, the symptoms are often mild and easy to be ignored. After 2-6 weeks of infection, the serum HIV antibody can be positive. Since then, a relatively healthy and asymptomatic incubation period has appeared in clinic. The window period is also at this time. Window period refers to the period from HIV infection to the production of corresponding antibodies. The average time is 2-3 months. Although the corresponding antibody can not be detected, it is still contagious.
2, incubation period, the infected person can have no clinical symptoms, but the incubation period is not a static period, not to mention a safe period, and the virus continues to multiply, which has a strong destructive effect. The incubation period refers to the time from HIV infection to the appearance of clinical symptoms and signs of AIDS. It is now considered that the average incubation period of AIDS is 2- 10 years. This has caused great difficulties for early detection and prevention of patients.
3, pre-AIDS, after the incubation period, AIDS-related symptoms and signs began to appear until it developed into a typical AIDS-related period. The patient already has the most basic feature of AIDS, namely cellular immune deficiency, but the symptoms are mild.
The typical AIDS period, called fatal AIDS by some scholars, is the last stage of HIV infection. This period has three basic characteristics: severe cellular immune deficiency, various fatal opportunistic infections and various malignant tumors. At the end of AIDS, the immune function completely collapsed, and patients developed various serious comprehensive diseases until they died.
Fourth, the route of AIDS transmission.
HIV mainly exists in the blood and sexual secretions of patients and asymptomatic infected persons, and a small amount of saliva, tears and milk is contagious. AIDS is mainly transmitted through three ways, namely:
1. Sexual transmission: transmission through unprotected heterosexual or homosexual sex.
2. Blood transmission: injecting drugs with unsterilized syringes and needles, importing blood or blood products containing HIV, and using unsterilized or unsterilized medical instruments, such as needles, acupuncture needles, dental instruments and beauty instruments. , and use a razor and toothbrush.
3. Mother-to-child transmission: An infected mother can transmit the virus to the fetus or baby during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Because the blood, sexual secretions, saliva, tears and milk of HIV-infected people are contagious, and HIV itself has a certain viability in nature, it cannot be completely ruled out that it can be spread through daily close contact, especially if the individual's immunity is low, and the damaged panels or mucous membranes such as inflammation and ulcers of respiratory tract and digestive tract accidentally come into contact with the blood, sexual secretions and even saliva and tears of infected people through various channels, they may be infected.
AIDS will not spread through ordinary daily contact in public places such as air, drinking water, shaking hands, seats in public places, toilets, bathtubs, banknotes, coins, tickets, mosquito bites, and swimming pools.
5. How do middle school students prevent AIDS?
1, understand the knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment, and understand the etiology, transmission route and clinical manifestations of AIDS. The transmission routes of AIDS are: sexual contact transmission, blood transmission and vertical transmission from mother to child.
2. Avoid impurity, especially sexual contact with AIDS patients.
3. The blood donors are tested for HIV, and those with positive antibodies are forbidden to give blood. To minimize the use of blood products, domestic blood products must be the first choice.
4. Do not use needles and syringes, toothbrushes, razors and other items that may be contaminated by blood.
5. Women infected with AIDS and HIV should avoid pregnancy.
6. Strengthen frontier quarantine to prevent the introduction of AIDS.