Leanhealthcare is the most advanced and scientific concept in the international medical service system in recent years. It has been widely used in the design of medical buildings in Europe and America, and achieved relatively successful results. Its basic principle is "patient-centered, less waste, low cost and good curative effect". Referring to the improved mode of Toyota production system, it was applied to large-scale medical projects and produced good benefits. While improving patients' satisfaction with medical treatment, the curative effect is greatly improved and the cost is reduced. Designers (including architects and medical planners), hospital decision makers, medical experts and patients must understand the whole process of medical treatment. Everyone plays an important role and participates. We participate in and experience the medical process as much as possible in the design, and cooperate with hospital decision makers, users and customers to jointly design, improve the efficiency of hospital layout and better provide design services for the hospital.
Planning and design from the perspective of city, architectural design from the perspective of process, and space design from the perspective of environment.
The hospital design task book received by our designers is often the demand for basic medical space and design points. But architects should design from the perspective of urban planning. The relationship between hospital and urban space, as well as the surrounding environment are the most basic elements, and the dialogue with surrounding buildings and the coordination with urban space are the key factors that architects should consider. Our design method begins with the study of the surrounding building environment. The outline of the city skyline by the hospital and the concession of the city road space, as the elements of the city space and as the landscape of the surrounding buildings, are all important planning points.
Of course, the rationality of the medical process is essential. Through the analysis of urban space, medical process is the most important factor to control architectural design. We respect the functionality and rationality of medical procedures very much, and create architectural space on the basis of reasonable medical functional procedures, creating grey space under canopy, colonnade and corridor, spacious and bright hall, efficient and practical emergency room, medical ecological and cultural street with appropriate scale, quiet and tidy waiting room and comfortable and pleasant examination and treatment space. Greening courtyard space, roof garden and outdoor rest and rehabilitation garden are important components of outdoor environment. How to make patients feel the changeable landscape in the convenient medical experience is an important consideration in architectural design. Our design emphasizes the interaction between medical functional space and environmental space.
3. Views on the development direction of domestic medical building design.
I think the development direction of domestic medical buildings will develop in several directions.
A. Public hospitals will develop in the direction of collectivization and scale, and there are more and more cases of domestic brand hospitals forming medical groups and merging. With the deepening of medical reform, the investment in medical and health buildings is increasing, and large hospitals emerge one after another. 1000 beds hospitals have become very common, and hospitals with 2000 beds or more have been built and designed. This is conducive to giving full play to the main role of public hospitals in the national medical system. The bigger the hospital, the finer the division of labor, and the longer the process of seeing a doctor. The concept of subject center is a very good solution. A large hospital is a collection of several or even a dozen subject centers, each of which is relatively independent and closely related. Interdisciplinary communication is the future trend. Grouping and modularization is an operational model, which is of great benefit to the rational dispersion and optimization of medical treatment process. Modern logistics transmission servo system is essential. There is another trend that should attract the attention of our designers, that is, the amount of outpatient surgery is increasing, and the proportion of daily cases (day surgery or single-day medical records) in hospitalization is increasing, which can reach 70% ~ 83% abroad. At present, domestic hospitals blindly emphasize the increase in the number of beds, which is related to the current medical insurance system. With the improvement of medical insurance system and the popularization of appointment, large outpatient service, large medical skill and small hospitalization will become
B. Private hospitals have developed very rapidly. With the gradual liberalization of the policy, people have higher and higher requirements for the medical environment. Private capital began to enter the medical and health industry. Membership system, appointment system and high-end service are important supplements for the public to seek medical treatment. This medical service model is revolutionary compared with the existing medical model. Patients emphasize more efficient and thoughtful medical services. Medical staff turn around patients, and the changes of functional division, medical process and medical service are more profound. Even from foreign scientific research to personalized customized services at the bedside can be foreseen.
C. the close combination of medical care and old-age rehabilitation is also inevitable. China is rapidly entering the aged society. The close combination of healthy old-age care, ecological green rehabilitation and medical services will give full play to the advantages of hospital treatment, and its audience will be very wide, which will inevitably be an important model for hospital development in the future.
As designers, we should pay attention to the problems in hospital design.
The biggest difficulty encountered in the design example is the conflict and choice between architectural space and medical space. In practical cases, architects hope to make some humanized public spaces and stay spaces to improve the sense of spatial order and interest of buildings. This kind of public space is very necessary for hospital buildings. Hospital decision makers pay more attention to the utilization of various departments and functional spaces. In fact, there is no conflict between the two, and they can be handled well and in place. In practice, architects should consider the area demand of building equipment space in advance.
In the scheme stage, people tend to pay more attention to medical space and less attention to the planning of building equipment space. The plane flow planning of communication with the hospital is very reasonable. In the construction drawing stage, it is found that the space of building equipment is very scarce, which makes it passive to reduce the medical space in the construction drawing design stage. There should be some mobile space to meet the needs of the building equipment room. In addition, the rapid development of modern medical equipment technology makes high-tech medical equipment constantly updated, and new technologies and equipment emerge one after another; There is great uncertainty in the planning and selection of medical equipment in the early planning of hospitals, which makes it difficult to accurately integrate medical equipment into architectural design in the process of architectural design.
Therefore, in the process of preliminary design, there should be room for change and sufficient margin to meet the use requirements. Designers are obliged to remind owners to reserve mobile space. General hospital decision makers will feel that the design area is not enough, and every room and area are full, and there is no mobile use area. In practical engineering, new functions, new departments and new requirements often appear. At this time, decision makers will feel that the area is even more stretched. In fact, some space can be reserved in the early stage of the scheme, which is convenient for decision makers to flexibly allocate when they encounter the above problems. At the same time, it is also necessary to remind the decision-makers and department personnel of the hospital of the difference between the use area and the building area.
Design modification is inevitable, and the most important thing is the modification of design task book. At present, the whole process of hospital architectural design, from project establishment to construction completion and delivery, has a short cycle. At the same time, there are few talents in hospital infrastructure, and sometimes the preliminary research is not sufficient and the planning is not perfect, which leads to the incomplete design task book. At present, architects should not only assist the hospital to prepare detailed design task book, but also make overall planning for the hospital, and at the same time design architectural space until medical process design and plane planning. Designers should have such qualities and psychological preparation.
The above principles of hospital architectural design were collected by Zhong Da Consulting Company. For more information about architectural knowledge on "Principles of Hospital Architectural Design", please pay attention to the column of Zhong Da Consulting Industry. "It is easy to win the bid with a little construction." For information about construction enterprises, please visit Zhong Da Consulting, Building Link or follow the official account of Zhong Da Consulting WeChat for information.
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