First, let's take a look at what health education is. Health education is to change people's health behavior through the dissemination of health knowledge and behavior intervention, so that their behavior develops in a healthy direction. Health education is conducted by nurses and targeted at patients and their families.
Clinical nursing health education must follow six principles to ensure the effectiveness of education.
First, the procedural principle, as we all know, our nursing has nursing procedures, and health education may have its procedures, evaluation, planning, implementation, evaluation and feedback.
Second, the principle of stages, that is, education is carried out according to the different stages of patients' disease development and physical and mental development. For example, although acute phase and recovery phase are the same disease, the emphasis is different. Can't be an acute patient. You can tell him how to do rehabilitation training. Obviously, patients are unacceptable, so your education effect is definitely not good.
Third, the principle of protection, which is not difficult to understand, is not to discuss patients' privacy in public. Not as an after-dinner chat.
Fourth, the principle of pertinence, aiming at the current situation and the next step of treatment, is targeted.
Fifth, the principle of feasibility. Your educational content is mandatory for patients. You can't let a 70-year-old woman run for 30 minutes while making an exercise plan, and let a hemiplegic patient walk by himself a week later.
Sixth, the practical principle is what the patient needs most. The higher the value of your content to the patient, the stronger the patient's interest and the better the effect. For example, for a diabetic, when you teach him blood sugar monitoring or subcutaneous injection of insulin, he will be very interested and learn it quickly.
The contents of health education can be roughly divided into three categories:
Traditionally, educational knowledge is the education of basic knowledge of diseases. In fact, our education is related to every small link of patients' hospitalization, not only drug guidance, but also disease guidance.
Entrance education
One of our patients has been admitted to the hospital, and our nurses should provide them with information about the environment, responsible doctors, responsible nurses, storage of articles, use of ward facilities, visiting system and safety information. It's complicated, but every item is unfamiliar to the newly admitted patients, and we need to educate them slowly, such as which is your bed, which is your cupboard, and where the kettle should be placed to avoid accidental burns.
Hospitalization education
There are also our disease education, diet, exercise guidance, examination, examination precautions, psychological care, rehabilitation training and so on. Apart from psychological care, everything else is what we do every day. With the change of nursing mode, psychological nursing has also been brought into an important position in recent years. As a nursing staff, we must find out in time, pay attention to the patient's psychology, and guide them in time to avoid serious problems.
Discharge education
Including diet and follow-up. Rehabilitation exercise, preventive health care and so on.
Having said that, how can we carry out health education?
1. evaluation-determine the needs of patients and their families-that is, what patients need.
(1) Understanding of diseases
② Cognition and learning ability of diseases.
③ What help do you need to know the cause and your bad ways?
Every hospital usually has an evaluation form when patients are admitted to the hospital. Through this form, we can get this information. Good trust is the foundation of successful education.
Second, determine the goal-establish the educational goal, that is, what I want to give the patient.
(1) The goal is clear and specific. It can be measured and realized in a certain period of time. For example, during hospitalization, patients with hypertension are taught to measure their blood pressure, and patients with diabetes are taught to inject insulin themselves.
(2) For patients, what is missing and what is supplemented. Understand the knowledge or skills that patients need to know most urgently through communication.
③ It is imperative to correct a patient's bad drinking habits in view of what behaviors he needs to correct, such as a patient with poor liver function.
Third, make an education plan-that is, how do I do it?
This is the first thing to consider the patient's acceptance, education and hobbies. To explain the same disease to an old lady and a university professor, you should consider different depths.
(2) When, morning, afternoon and evening. According to the work or patient's situation, master it flexibly. Don't make the patient feel uncomfortable, painful or disgusting at this time. You should tell patients how to control their diet. It should be done when the patient is relieved and willing to communicate.
(3) What methods and contents should be taught? Is it a person? Or a few people give a small lecture, which can be based on the diseases in the ward. Should I talk about knowledge, or should I do it in stages according to the needs of patients and constantly strengthen my skills?
Fourth, implement the education plan-how do I do it?
(1) Create a relaxed environment and arrange time flexibly.
According to the plan, it should be implemented step by step. Remember, education is flexible. For example, when distributing drugs, you can explain the knowledge of drugs. In addition, disease education can be carried out in morning and evening nursing. By asking about the patient's diet and giving timely guidance, on the one hand, it can give guidance, on the other hand, it can narrow the distance between nurses and patients. This is more conducive to our work. But when tourists come, they can't carry out health education. In order not to cause disgust to patients,
② Pay attention to attitude, learn to listen and respect patients.
③ Use familiar and easy-to-understand language. Use medical terms as little as possible. Don't have too much content at once.
④ Avoid negative effects. When degrading drug knowledge, focus on therapeutic effect, and don't overemphasize adverse reactions, so as not to cause patients' resistance.
⑤ Involve your family as much as possible. On the one hand, it is convenient to supervise patients to continue treatment. In addition, I let my family know about the illness, because family members are the spiritual pillar of patients. Strengthen psychological care.
Verb (short for verb) evaluation-what did the patient learn?
Ward nurses communicate with patients, evaluate the realization of goals according to the results, understand behavior changes according to knowledge, belief and behavior, and compare the realization of long-term and short-term goals. If it is good, continue to strengthen, if the acceptance effect is poor, then score.