The course of disease is long, the degree of anemia is generally mild, and children can tolerate daily activities. However, compared with normal children of the same age, strenuous exercise is more prone to fatigue and even dizziness. Therefore, children should be allowed to live a regular life and do sports suitable for individuals. Don't stay in bed. For patients with severe anemia, the rest mode, activity intensity and duration of each activity should be formulated according to the decline of their activity endurance.
Reasonable arrangement of diet
Explain to parents and older children that bad eating habits (such as partial eclipse) will lead to this disease and help correct bad eating habits.
(2) To guide the reasonable collocation of children's diet. Let parents know that animal blood, soybeans and meat are rich in iron, which is an ideal food to prevent iron deficiency; Vitamin C, meat, amino acids, fructose and fatty acids can promote the absorption of iron, and can be eaten together with iron agents or iron-containing foods. Tea, coffee, milk, eggs, wheat bran, phytate, etc. To inhibit the absorption of iron, we should avoid eating with foods containing more iron.
(3) There are few kinds of babies' diets, most of which are low-iron foods. It should be instructed to add iron-rich complementary food or supplement iron-fortified food on time, such as iron-fortified milk and iron-fortified salt. Although human milk contains little iron, its absorption rate is as high as 50%, and the absorption rate of iron in general food is only 1%-22%. Therefore, breastfeeding should be advocated.
④ Instruct parents to supplement iron (elemental iron 0.8 ~1.5 mg/(kg d)) to premature infants and low birth weight infants as soon as possible (about 2 months).
5 Fresh milk must be heated before feeding the baby to reduce intestinal bleeding caused by allergies.
3. Nursing points of applying iron agent
① The dose is calculated by elemental iron, and the oral dose is 4 ~ 6 mg/(kg d), divided into 2 ~ 3 times, and the course of treatment is 2 ~ 6 months. Long-term use will lead to iron poisoning.
② The stimulation of iron on gastrointestinal tract can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Therefore, oral iron should be taken in small doses between meals.
③ It can be taken together with dilute hydrochloric acid and/or vitamin C to facilitate absorption; Avoid taking it with foods that inhibit iron absorption.
(4) After taking iron, teeth often turn black and stools turn black. Parents should explain the reasons for returning to normal after stopping the drug. Eliminate concerns.
⑤ Observation of curative effect: Reticulocyte increased 3-4 days after iron administration, and hemoglobin increased gradually after 1 week. If it is ineffective after 3-4 weeks, find out the reason.
⑥ The dosage of iron injection should be calculated accurately, and it should be injected into the deep muscle in several times, and the injection site should be changed every time to avoid tissue necrosis. Occasionally injecting iron dextran causes anaphylactic shock, and the first injection should be observed at 1 hour.
4. Health education
After anemia is corrected, children's diet should still be arranged reasonably and good eating habits should be cultivated. This is the key to prevent recurrence and ensure normal growth and development. Education and training should be strengthened for those whose IQ and academic performance decline due to iron deficiency anemia.