(1) acute poisoning Some illegal drugs themselves have toxic effects on human tissues and organs. If the primary residue is too large, acute poisoning will occur, but the incidents of acute poisoning are relatively rare, and the harm of drug residues is mostly caused by long-term contact or gradual accumulation.
(2) Allergy (allergic reaction) Some antibacterial drugs such as sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and some aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause allergic reactions in some people. Allergic symptoms vary from urticaria, fever, joint swelling and cellulitis to anaphylactic shock, and even life-threatening in severe cases. When these antibacterial drugs remain in egg food and enter the human body, some sensitive people will be sensitized. When these sensitized individuals are exposed to or treated with these antibiotics again, allergic reactions will occur, which may be life-threatening.
(3) "Three causes" are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. Drugs and chemicals in the environment will cause gene mutation or chromosome aberration, which will cause potential harm to human beings. When people eat eggs containing residues of three toxic drugs for a long time, these residues will have harmful effects on the human body, or accumulate in the human body, and eventually produce carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. In recent years, the incidence of cancer in the population has been increasing, which is considered to be related to environmental pollution and drug residues in animal foods. Such as nitrofuran and arsenic preparations, have been proved to be carcinogenic, and many countries have banned the use of these drugs in food animals. In China, it is also banned for food production.
(4) Influence on the flora of gastrointestinal tract A large number of flora are parasitic in normal human body. If people are exposed to low-dose antibiotic residues in animal food for a long time, they will inhibit or kill sensitive bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria or conditional pathogenic bacteria, and the balance of microorganisms will be destroyed, making the body prone to infectious diseases and difficult to treat because of bacterial drug resistance.
(5) Increasing bacterial drug resistance Due to the extensive use of antibacterial drugs, bacterial drug resistance has been continuously strengthened, and many bacteria have developed from single drug resistance to multiple drug resistance. Adding antibacterial drugs to feed is actually equivalent to continuous low-dose medication. Long-term exposure of animals to drugs leads to more and more drug-resistant bacteria and stronger drug resistance. Antibacterial drugs remain in animal food, which also causes people to contact drugs for a long time, leading to an increase in drug-resistant bacteria in the human body. Nowadays, whether in animals or humans, the drug resistance of bacteria has reached a serious level. In addition, the question whether the drug resistance genes of animal pathogens will be passed on to human pathogens has also been confirmed. There are problems in the transmission of drug resistance genes between humans and animals. Therefore, antibiotics used by humans and animals, such as penicillin and streptomycin, should be used as little as possible.
(6) The influence on clinical medication brings difficulties to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Long-term exposure to some antibiotics can reduce the immune function of the body, lead to various pathological changes, difficult diseases, or unexplained side effects when taking drugs, which brings difficulties to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The cost of medicine is increasing and the profit of aquaculture is decreasing. In laying hens, when infectious diseases occur, the dosage of therapeutic drugs must be continuously increased to be effective. It not only increases the feeding cost, but also affects the production performance of laying hens because of the prolonged course of disease, which makes the breeding profit drop, or even lose everything.
(7) bring pressure to the development of new drugs. Due to drug abuse, the drug resistance of bacteria is accelerating and the drug resistance ability is also strengthening. This gradually shortens the service life of antibacterial drugs. It is necessary to constantly develop new varieties to overcome the drug resistance of bacteria. The faster the emergence of bacterial resistance, the faster the clinical demand for new drugs. However, it is not easy to develop a new drug. In the past, pharmaceutical companies accidentally discovered new antibiotics, but now it is becoming more and more difficult to find new antibiotics, the research and development speed of new antibacterial drugs is slowing down, and bacterial resistance is accelerating, which is a dangerous tendency.
(8) After veterinary drug residues and environmental animals are used, drugs are discharged with feces and urine in the form of prototype or metabolites, and remain in the environment. Most veterinary drugs are still active after being discharged into the environment, which will affect soil microorganisms, aquatic organisms and insects.