Working on board, especially in engine room, often comes into contact with fuel and lubricating oil, such as cleaning fuel filter, cleaning lubricating oil filter, cleaning separator of oil separator, oil pressure test and atomization test, disassembling high-pressure oil pump, disassembling and cleaning harmonica valve of two-stroke main engine, cleaning oil sludge of main engine scavenging box and stuffing box, cleaning and checking oil tank, cleaning oil heater, cleaning lubricating oil cooler, and performing slag discharge operation and inspection between oil separators. Accidental leakage of residues and fuel lubricating oil in the sedimentation tank of fuel daily-use cabinet, long-term contact with oil substances and inhalation of a large amount of oil and gas may easily cause dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, trance, contact dermatitis, oil rash, aspiration pneumonia and acute oil and gas poisoning, leading to coma, convulsion and even death.
Accident case: 0 1: An intern of a seagoing vessel fainted in the oil separator due to long-term cleaning of the separator of the heavy oil separator, inhalation of a large amount of oil and gas, and high temperature in the oil separator. Fortunately, it was found in time, after being rescued (dragged to the vent, a lot of fresh air was blown at him, pressed several times, and so on. ), also did not cause disaster.
So how to prevent and reduce the harm of oil substances?
A ~ Wear rubber gloves at work and wash your hands after work.
B ~ strengthen ventilation and exhaust, and try to drive away oil and gas.
Wear a proper mask.
D ~ Don't work continuously, pay attention to rest and avoid working for a long time.
E ~ try not to work in places with high oil and gas concentration, and try to work under vents.
02. What are the sources of ship noise? How to reduce the harm of noise to human body?
The running sounds of main engine, auxiliary engine, air compressor, oil separator, fresh water generator, steering gear, water pump, deck winch, hatch opening pump, anchor winch, cable winch and other mechanical equipment in the engine room, the rust knocking sound and air flute sound during deck rust removal are all noises, and the decibel value of some noises is quite high, which is easy to hurt people's ears and hearing.
Accident case 02: The ship was built on the beach, and the sound insulation effect of the living area of the whole ship was too poor. There are many vibration points in the engine room, and the main engine is a medium-speed machine with a speed of 500 rpm. Personnel are exposed to high decibel noise for 24 hours. Almost all the people who work on this ship lack sleep and are in a trance.
Measures to prevent noise injury:
Put on the earmuffs.
B ~ plug earplugs.
C ~ avoid staying in the high decibel noise area for a long time.
03. How to prevent rheumatoid arthritis on board?
Accident case 03: A seaman on a seagoing ship measures water on the deck at five o'clock every morning (about one hour at a time), likes to drink cold beer and drinks, and often lets the air conditioner spray his face to sleep at night. This long-term bad habit led to rheumatoid arthritis at a young age.
A ~ When working in cold areas and on decks with low ambient temperature, keep warm, and try to wear knee pads and wrist pads if possible.
B ~ Try not to blow air conditioning cold air directly for a long time in summer.
C ~ crew members can consciously go to the high-temperature place on the top floor of the engine room boiler for "steaming" every week, and the time and times of "steaming" should be gradual, which can effectively remove the cold and moisture in the body.
D ~ If the weather permits, bask in the sun for 15 minutes every day.
E ~ If possible, walk 1000 meters on the main deck or live in the living area for half an hour every day.
04. What are the vibration parts of the ship? How to reduce the harm of vibration to people?
When a ship sails in the rough sea, the whole ship is a big vibrating body. Usually, the parts where the ship vibrates greatly are: the cylinder cover of the main engine during navigation, the side of the auxiliary engine during operation, the intermediate shaft of the stern shaft, and the working place of the deck pneumatic electric rust remover.
When sailing in rough seas, attention should be paid to avoid accidental injuries caused by vibration and shaking. Avoid staying in places with large vibration for a long time, and the operation of pneumatic and electric rust remover on deck should be carried out through flow exchange.
Accident Case 04: During the bilge washing operation of a seagoing vessel, the vibration at the center shaft of the stern shaft suddenly increased, and people and hoses were accidentally wound around the center shaft. When it was discovered, the three-tube wheel had stopped breathing.
Two crew members were swept away by big waves at sea.
05. The hazards of high temperature in ships? How to avoid and reduce the harm of high temperature to human body as much as possible?
There are many places with high temperature, especially the engine room. During the voyage, except for the centralized control room, the lowest temperature is about 40 degrees Celsius, especially at the top of the waste gas boiler during the voyage, near the head layer of the main engine cylinder, near the turbocharger and exhaust manifold, near the daily fuel tank and fuel collection tank, near the oil separator in the oil separator, near the oil supply device of the main engine, and near the exhaust manifold and turbocharger of the running auxiliary engine. The top temperature of the oil-fired boiler in use is above 55 ~ 90 degrees Celsius, and the surface of the oil pipe and steam pipe using 380cst oil for the main engine and auxiliary engine is as high as 140 degrees Celsius. In tropical areas, the temperature under the sun on the main deck is also above 40 degrees.
The high temperature part of the ship is easy to cause heatstroke and scald. In order to avoid heatstroke and scald caused by high temperature, the following points must be done.
A ~ When working in hot places, you must wear long-sleeved trousers, cotton overalls and gloves to prevent burns.
B ~ don't work in a hot place for too long. Drink salty boiled water or mung bean soup halfway to prevent heatstroke.
C ~ pay attention to sun protection in strong sunlight to avoid skin peeling.
Accident Case 05: On the way from Cuba to Nantong Port, China, an ocean-going ship was required to knock rust and spray paint for eight hours every day because the captain's first mate was working on the deck. At noon, the temperature on the main deck was as high as 55 degrees Celsius, and the tea breaks in the morning and afternoon were cancelled. In addition, the food on board was poor and malnutrition caused two deck interns to faint together.
06. Why is the drinking water on board polluted? How to prevent drinking water pollution from harming people?
(1) There are five main ways for ships to pollute drinking water.
There is too much rust and scale in the A ~ tank, which has not been cleaned for a long time.
There is something wrong with the water quality of B ~ supplement.
The water quality produced by C ~ # fresh water generator does not meet the standard.
The piping system is aging or polluted.
When the E ~ # pressure water tank is filled with air, the compressed air contains too much dirty oil.
(2) The corresponding preventive measures are as follows.
A ~ clean the water tank and water tank regularly.
B ~ ensure good water quality.
C ~ water making machine must be operated in strict accordance with the operating procedures. Especially in areas with strong wind and waves and poor seawater quality, and the water just produced by chemical cleaning of fresh water generators, we must try our best to discharge it.
D ~ pipeline system aging or serious pollution renewal.
Before the e ~ pressure water tank is inflated, the residual oil in the air bottle should be drained as much as possible to ensure the effective use of the air dryer. Drinking water should pass through the purifier as far as possible, and an air purifier should be installed on the air supply pipeline of the ship's pressure water tank if possible.
Accident case 06: The water discharged from the drinking machine of the seagoing ship contains a lot of dirty lubricating oil, so the crew had to buy a lot of pure water to drink before repairing it. Individual crew members still drink polluted fresh water, leading to enteritis, which can not be cured for a long time.
07. Anti-depravity in climbing (according to "aerial work procedure").
A ~ the shelf should be firm, the foundation should be non-slip, and a safety net should be set as far as possible under the homework.
Operators should fasten their seat belts.
C ~ Dress neatly, work shoes, work clothes and safety helmet.
D ~ tools and equipment should be put away to prevent slipping and hurting people.
E ~ For ships with cranes or other suspenders, hanging baskets can be used for operation if conditions permit.
F ~ If working near the whistle, the engineer on duty should turn off the compressed air source of the whistle.
G ~ If working near the chimney, the engineer on duty should hang a notice board at the boiler soot blowing operation place to prohibit boiler soot blowing.
Accident case 07: A carpenter on a seagoing ship did not wear a seat belt when he was filling butter for the crane, which caused him to fall from a height of about 6 meters, his ass landed, and his coccyx and lumbar spine were seriously damaged. After a year of treatment, he is still in a state of hemiplegia.
Accident case 08: A seagoing vessel "Yishui" accidentally slipped into the large cabin during inspection, and fell to death directly because it did not wear the safety helmet as required. (A sailor of another seagoing ship also went down to the big cabin for inspection and accidentally slipped into the big cabin. Because he wore a helmet as required, although he was seriously injured, his life was not in danger. )
08. Extravehicular operation to prevent overboard (according to "Extravehicular Operation Procedure").
Accident case 09: A seagoing ship is sailing at full speed, and the chief engineer arranges a mechanic to repair the gear box and gangway on the port side. Because the chief engineer was not at the scene, the gangway was not fastened as required, and the seat belt was not fastened, so I accidentally fell into the sea! Fortunately, it was calm that day, and the mechanic was good at swimming and didn't get too hurt. After the ship turned around and sailed for 35 minutes, the mechanic was finally rescued.
A ~ During navigation, thunderstorm weather, foggy weather and gale of magnitude 6 or above, try not to carry out outboard operations. If necessary, the first mate should be ready to release the rescue boat at any time, assign a special person to take care of it at the job site with high frequency, and prepare a lifebuoy with sufficient length of lifeline.
B ~ Outboard operators should wear personal protective equipment, non-slip work shoes, non-slip gloves, tight work clothes, safety helmet, safety belt and life jacket.
C ~ During outboard operation, the relevant departments shall be notified in advance to close the drainage outlets, and the bathrooms and toilets connected with these drainage outlets are prohibited.
D ~ when working outside the bow, it is necessary to ensure that the anchor is firmly fixed to avoid accidents.
E ~ When outboard operations are carried out at the stern, the personnel on duty in the engine room must be informed, and it is forbidden to turn the main engine, wash the car and test run.
09. Work in a closed place to prevent personal injury (according to "Procedures for Entering a Closed Place").
Accident case 10: During the repair of a seagoing vessel in the shipyard, during the daily cleaning of fuel tank, fuel settling tank, dirty oil tank and oil residue tank, the shipyard workers were too tired, and the ship failed to pay enough attention to the safety of operation in closed places, resulting in three cleaning workers fainting in the fuel settling tank. When they found them at work the next morning, two of them were dead.
Captain A ~ issues the "Permit to Enter the Closed Place" and is ultimately responsible for safety.
B ~ The department head and the person in charge of the site shall conduct on-site risk assessment, operation organization, arrangement and monitoring to ensure the safety of the operators.
C ~ The measurement of oxygen, explosion and poison at the work site must all meet the requirements.
10. personal injury prevention during hot operation (according to "hot operation procedure on board").
A ~ The person in charge of the department conducts risk assessment as required, and fills in the Application Form for Hot Work and submits it to the captain for approval.
B ~ If it is necessary to carry out hot work in the oil tank (tank) or its adjacent bulkhead or in the pipeline passing through the oil tank, the captain shall obtain the consent of the company's maintenance supervisor before approving the application for hot work.
C ~ set the fireman to be responsible for safety monitoring.
Fire and explosion protection.
E ~ field personnel also need to prevent their eyes from being burned by strong welding sparks.
Accident case 1 1: A seagoing ship stared at strong electric welding light during its internship, resulting in severe eye burns. After treatment, she recovered slowly after a week.
1 1. Electrical equipment maintenance to prevent electric shock injury.
A ~ try not to work with electricity. If live working is required, it should be protected by special personnel and be responsible for safety.
B ~ Turn off the power supply of the inspected equipment and put up a "No Switching" sign.
C ~ Operators must wear insulating work shoes and insulating gloves.
Improper use of electrical equipment can cause fire.
Accident case 12: A crew member of a seagoing vessel used an electric stove in the room, but the power supply was not turned off when people left the room, which caused the room to catch fire, all the articles in the room were burned, and some adjacent rooms also suffered losses. Because it was found in time, the fire was put out effectively, and no greater loss was caused.
12. Lift heavy objects to prevent personal injury.
Whether it is a cargo crane, a food crane, a crane in the engine room, or a chain block when lifting heavy objects, the following items must be ensured.
A ~ personnel should try not to stay under the lifted heavy objects or pass under them.
B ~ the steel wire used for lifting goods must be durable and have sufficient strength.
C ~ hook must be hooked firmly.
D ~ When the ship is shaking, it needs to be extra careful to prevent the heavy objects from moving freely, and it can be fixed with a traction rope.
Accident case 13: During the overhaul of the main engine cylinder, the left hand of the second pipe wheel was accidentally pressed under the cylinder head on the way of lifting the cylinder head, resulting in the left hand of the second pipe wheel being squashed. After being rescued by the hospital, the left hand of the second tube wheel was reshaped and most of its functions were restored.
13. Anti-skid.
A ~ Wear non-slip work shoes.
B ~ try not to hold heavy objects in your hands when you walk, especially don't use your hands.
C ~ when there is oil stain on the floor, remove it in time.
D ~ when there is ice on the deck, try to remove it in time. If there is too much ice and snow to be removed in time, you can sprinkle anti-skid materials on the ice and snow.
Accident case 14: A crew member accidentally slipped and broke his left arm when he was working on the deck of a seagoing ship, because the ice on the deck was not removed, and he was holding tools in both hands.
14. Frostbite prevention.
A ~ For extremely cold areas, deck personnel should try not to work for a long time, and take turns to do anti-freezing work when possible.
B ~ Wear thermal protective clothing as much as possible, including protective gloves, protective earmuffs and head mask.
Accident case 15: A seagoing ship broke down at the anchorage in Vanido, Russia in winter, with heavy snow outside and the temperature reaching MINUS 35 degrees Celsius. During the four-hour anchoring and observation, the first mate kept high-frequency communication with the captain on the bridge, which caused the first mate's hands to freeze and was not dealt with in time afterwards. Finally, only some fingers were cut off, two fingers were cut off from the three fingers of the left hand, and one finger was cut off from the four fingers of the right hand except the thumb.
15.
Full-time fire watchers must be arranged for all thermal operations.
B ~ Remove inflammable and explosive articles nearby before hot work, clean the job site in time after hot work, and cool down when necessary.
C ~ all kinds of fire extinguishers should be used flexibly to prevent accidents and put out the fire in time.
Accident case 16: During the voyage of a seagoing ship, the incinerator caught fire outside the incinerator due to long-term continuous use. As soon as a large ship was discovered in the centralized control room, three fire extinguishers were used together with the mechanic on duty. After 10 minutes of effective fire-fighting measures, the fire was finally put out.
16. Prevent thieves.
Take care of your personal money and valuables.
B ~ when docking at the dock or anchorage, people should lock the door when leaving the room and sleeping at night.
Accident case 17: Before a seagoing ship was sold, a sailor's wallet was stolen in the drawer of the room because of poor storage, and his salary for two months was gone. The sailor who lost the money sighed all day. But who is to blame? The room door is unlocked, and neither is the drawer.
17. Prevent smuggling.
A ~ When investigating the anti-smuggling area, it must be conducted in groups of two or more people.
During the inspection, you should hold appropriate convenience equipment as a weapon.
Accident case 18: A seagoing vessel often sails between China and Japan. Before each voyage, the captain will organize the crew to check whether there are illegal immigrants. In an inspection to prevent illegal immigrants, two illegal immigrants were found. They jumped into the wall and injured a crew member. With the concerted efforts of all the crew members, Qi Xin finally subdued him and called a ship to disembark him.
18. Anti-piracy.
A ~ When a ship passes through or berths in the sea area where pirates appear, the ship shall organize personnel to guard against pirates.
B ~ The anti-piracy personnel in turn should dress neatly and carry high frequency with them to ensure good communication at any time.
C ~ strengthen group patrol inspection.
Accident case 19: A seagoing ship was sailing in the pirate-infested sea area, and the captain arranged for personnel to attend anti-piracy classes. At three o'clock in the morning, the anti-piracy duty officer found two speedboats approaching the seagoing vessel. Through high-frequency emergency call, the crew dispatched, started the fire pump to supply deck water, and washed the boat with high-pressure water guns. In the end, because the freeboard of the seagoing ship is as high as 10 meter, the pirates on the boat can't board the seagoing ship.
19. Prevent tension cable or steel wire from breaking.
A ~ Try not to stand near the taut cable or steel wire, so as to avoid sudden fracture of the guy rope or steel wire and personal injury.
B ~ When working outside the dock or lifting heavy objects with steel wire, people should remind each other and take care of each other, and avoid danger in time when abnormal conditions are found.
Accident case 20: On the way to Vietnam dock, when the first mate was in command at the bow, he found that the cable was not taut and immediately shouted "Get down! Get down! " One of the tight cables broke, hurting the instep of the intern, and the instep of the intern immediately swelled up. After hospital examination, no major damage was found. (Remarks: There have been cases where the cables of seagoing ships were broken and injured, resulting in the deaths of many crew members.)
20. Lathe operation, drilling machine operation, grinder operation, chainsaw operation, grinder operation, polisher operation and rust remover operation must be carried out in accordance with their respective procedures.
Wear protective glasses.
B ~ do not wear gloves as required.
Accident case 2 1: A seaman was not protected by a protective cover when operating the grinding wheel grinder. As a result, the broken fragments of the grinding wheel flew out and broke the lens of one of the crew members. After hospital treatment, the crew member's injured eye was hopeless and had to install an artificial eye.
2 1. General measures to prevent occupational diseases and accidental injuries of seafarers.
A ~ The staff must be neatly dressed, with anti-skid and oil-proof work shoes, work clothes and safety helmet.
B ~ Safety belts must be fastened for climbing and outboard operation.
C lifeboats and rescue boats must wear life jackets correctly when conducting drills, rescues or other operations on the sea.
D ~ Interns should follow Sun Bo, mechanic or experienced old sailors and mechanics to learn more about their practical work experience.
E ~ No matter what work you do, as long as there is a department head (chief mate or chief engineer) on site, the general safety problem is not big.
In order to prevent food poisoning, the crew are not allowed to eat spoiled food. If possible, you should eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins and eat some special foods (pig blood and duck blood can prevent dust pollution; Banana, sweet potato, sesame oil and honey can prevent constipation; Celery and onion can prevent hypertension; Coarse grains coarse grains can prevent hyperglycemia and so on. ).
G ~ No matter when, where and who does what work, we should be careful and be careful to sail for thousands of years.