The so-called occupational disease refers to the diseases caused by workers in enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors in their professional activities. In other words, it is a disease caused by harmful factors in the working environment acting on the human body.
In China, the legal occupational diseases mainly include occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases, occupational dermatoses, occupational eye diseases, occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases, occupational chemical poisoning, occupational diseases caused by physical factors, radioactive diseases, occupational infectious diseases, occupational tumors and other occupational diseases.
If diagnosis is needed, then these four conditions are essential:
1, the sick subject must be the workers of enterprises, institutions or individual economic organizations;
2. It must be produced in the process of engaging in professional activities;
3. It must be caused by occupational hazards such as dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances, in which radioactive substances refer to ionizing radiation such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, x rays and neutron rays emitted by radioactive isotopes or ray devices;
4. It must be an occupational disease listed in the occupational disease classification and catalogue published by the state.
Since occupational diseases are mentioned, the corresponding ones are occupational health.
Occupational health is a discipline that identifies, evaluates, predicts and controls occupational harmful factors and their health damage that occur or exist in the workplace. The purpose is to promote and maintain employees' physical, psychological and social conditions in the best condition, prevent employees' health from being affected by the working environment, protect employees from health hazards, and arrange employees in a working environment suitable for their physical and psychological conditions.
So how to protect occupational health in the face of occupational diseases?
For individuals
1. Establish health awareness and strengthen labor protection.
Learn and master various systems and standards related to occupational health, understand the harmful factors in the workplace, master the knowledge of occupational hazard protection, post operation procedures, and the correct wearing and using methods of personal protective equipment.
2. Enhance legal awareness, know and understand the law.
Abide by the laws, regulations and rules of occupational disease prevention and control. Workers exposed to occupational hazards shall regularly participate in occupational health examinations; It is suggested that workers suffering from occupational diseases should be diagnosed and treated in time to protect their legitimate rights and interests.
3. Improve emergency response capability.
Learning and mastering on-site first aid knowledge and emergency treatment methods of acute hazards can achieve correct self-help and mutual rescue.
4. Health protection of occupational people who bend their heads at their desks or sit forward for a long time.
Attention should be paid to relieving muscle tension through stretching activities to avoid cervical spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis and low back pain;
(1), when working at the desk, pay attention to keep the correct sitting posture and keep the upper body straight; Adjust the height of the chair so that your feet can just touch the ground.
(2) If the computer is used for a long time, the elevation angle of the computer should be relative to the user's line of sight when working, and it is not advisable to lower the head or raise the head too much. It is suggested to take a rest every 1 ~ 2 hours, look into the distance, exercise the waist and neck, do eye exercises and interval exercises.
5, teachers, traffic police, doctors, nurses and other professional groups to stand work as the main health protection.
When standing, it is recommended to use the center of gravity of both legs alternately to prevent varicose veins. It is suggested to walk properly, keep the waist and knees relaxed and promote blood circulation. If you use your throat for a long time, pay attention to hydrating and keep throat tablets to prevent pharyngitis.
6. Health protection of drivers and other occupational groups who have been working in fixed positions for a long time.
It is suggested that the operation time should be arranged reasonably so as to eat regularly and quantitatively. Maintain a correct working posture, adjust the seat to a suitable position, ensure the moderate stress on the lumbar spine, pay attention to reducing vibration, and avoid diseases such as cervical spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, hyperosteogeny and sciatica; Pay attention to intermittent rest during operation, reduce urination, and fatigue operation is strictly prohibited.
For units
1, advocate healthy working style.
Employees of state organs, schools, medical and health institutions, state-owned enterprises and other units take the lead in establishing a healthy image and actively spreading advanced occupational health concepts and culture.
2. Enhance the ideological consciousness of managers.
A few managers know little about the laws and regulations of occupational disease prevention and control, blindly pursue the maximization of production and benefit, and ignore the safety and health rights of employees. We should strengthen the publicity of relevant laws and regulations, do a good job in health and safety training, and enhance the ideological consciousness of managers.
3. Strengthen the unit's attention.
Individual units do not pay enough attention to it, thinking that as long as there is no direct safety injury accident, the health of employees has nothing to do with themselves. Units should improve the mechanism and system, pay attention to management, and avoid or reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases.
4. Strengthen publicity and training.
For employees, the unit needs to carry out publicity and training on occupational hazard prevention knowledge, inform employees of the risks of occupational hazards, let employees clearly understand the serious consequences caused by occupational hazards, take preventive measures, and enhance their awareness of self-protection.
Seeing this, do you feel that occupational health is also closely related to you? Then, let's start by changing the way we work now and act quickly!