Community nursing health education should be geared to all residents in the community. When carrying out community health education, in order to make the content of health education more targeted, community residents can be divided into four categories:
(1) Healthy population
Healthy people generally account for the largest proportion in the community, and they are composed of people of all ages. This group of people may lack the demand for health education most, and may think that the disease is too far away from them and hold an exclusive attitude towards health education.
For this group of people, health education mainly focuses on health care knowledge. Its purpose is to help maintain a good lifestyle, stay healthy and stay away from diseases. At the same time, they are also reminded to be alert to some common diseases and not to ignore the prevention and early diagnosis of diseases.
(2) High-risk groups with certain pathogenic risk factors
The so-called high-risk population with certain disease risk factors mainly refers to people who are still healthy but have certain biological factors or bad behaviors and living habits. The biological factors causing the disease include individual genetic factors (such as hypertension, diabetes, breast cancer and other diseases with family history), bad behavior and living habits (including high-salt and high-sugar and high-fat diet, smoking, alcoholism and so on).
Some people in this group may be too afraid, too anxious and even suspicious of the disease because of a family history; There may be another group of people who don't take their bad behavior or living habits seriously, regard health education as a cliche, or even make a mountain out of a molehill, and make a fuss about it.
For this group of people, health education should focus on preventive health education. So as to help them master some self-care skills, such as self-examination of breast pain and early self-monitoring of some diseases; Or help them consciously correct bad behaviors and living habits and actively eliminate hidden dangers.
(3) Sick people
The sick people include patients with various acute and chronic diseases. These people can be divided into four categories according to the stages of their diseases, namely, clinical patients, convalescent patients, disabled patients and dying patients.
Generally speaking, clinical patients, convalescent patients and disabled patients are more interested in health education, and they are all eager to get rid of diseases and restore health at an early date to varying degrees. Therefore, for these three types of patients, health education should focus on the education of rehabilitation knowledge, helping them actively cooperate with treatment and consciously carry out rehabilitation exercises, thus reducing disability and accelerating rehabilitation.
The essence of health education for terminally ill patients is death education, and its purpose is to help patients face death correctly, so as to reduce their fear of death and spend the last stage of their lives as easily as possible.
(4) Family members and caregivers of patients
Family members and caregivers of patients spend the longest time in contact with patients, and some of them are often physically and mentally exhausted or even bored because of long-term care. Therefore, it is very necessary to give them health education.
For this group of people, health education should focus on the education of disease knowledge, self-monitoring skills and home care skills. Its purpose is: on the one hand, to improve their understanding of the importance of home care and strengthen their belief in continuous treatment and nursing; Guide them to master the basic skills of home care, so as to care for patients scientifically. Another important aspect is to guide them to master the knowledge and skills of self-care, so as to maintain and promote their physical and mental health while taking care of patients.