Chinese name: food pyramid mbth: food pyramid publisher: 1992 publisher: main contents of USDA, related laws, related advantages and disadvantages, advantages of new standard, main contents USDA officially released the "food pyramid guide" on 1992. In order to keep healthy and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, the suggestions in the guide quickly became household names. Eat 6- 1 1 serving of carbohydrate-rich food every day, such as bread, cereal, rice, pasta, etc. The diet pyramid also suggests eating more vegetables (including potatoes, which are also a carbohydrate-rich food), fruits and dairy products; Eat at least 2 servings of meat and beans every day, such as poultry, fish, nuts, beans, eggs and red meat (beef, mutton, pork, etc. The food pyramid is actually a metaphor for the food chain. According to Lin Deman 10% law, the energy absorbed by any trophic level organism is at most 10% of the previous trophic level, so in a food chain, it is assumed that the energy of the first trophic level is 100%, the energy of the second trophic level is 10%, and the energy of the third trophic level is. The bottom organism represents the first trophic level, which is what we call green plants, and the top organism is the organism with the highest trophic level in this food chain, such as large carnivores like eagles. Here, oil belongs to the top of the pyramid, and it does not exceed 25 grams per day. The second floor is the world of dairy products, bean products, fish, poultry, meat and eggs. Among them, dairy products need100g per day, bean products need 50g per day, and fish, poultry and eggs need to eat about125-200g per day. On the third floor of the pyramid, all we need is fruits and vegetables. Here, vegetables need 400-500 grams per day, while fruits need 100-200 grams per day. Finally, this kind of grain belongs to the fourth floor of the pyramid, the bottom floor, and it needs about 300-500 grams a day, which is our most indispensable. The food pyramid of USDA has been a symbol of nutrition for more than ten years, but it was not until 1968 that the health status of those who adhered to dietary guidelines was evaluated. The guide does have some benefits to human health, especially it advocates eating more fruits and vegetables; Reduce the total fat intake to reduce the intake of harmful saturated fat and trans-unsaturated fatty acids. However, the guidelines may reduce the intake of unsaturated fat which is beneficial to health and increase the intake of refined starch, so the benefits of the guidelines may be offset by these negative effects. On the basis of existing knowledge, we put forward another food pyramid guide. The "new pyramid" we put forward emphasizes keeping weight through daily exercise and avoiding eating too much food that produces calories. "New Jinta" suggests that people's food should mainly include: healthy fats (liquid vegetable oils such as olive oil, Canadian rapeseed oil, soybean oil, grain oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil) and carbohydrates (whole grain foods such as whole wheat flour, oatmeal and brown rice). If the intake of fat and carbohydrates is healthy, then you don't have to worry too much about the total calories produced by these two substances; At the same time, you should eat more fruits and vegetables. The "New Golden Pagoda" encourages people to eat a proper amount of healthy protein (nuts, beans, fish, poultry and eggs), but the intake of dairy products should be limited to 65,438+0-2 servings per day. The new dietary guidelines suggest eating less red meat, butter, refined grains (including white bread, white rice and pasta), potatoes and sugar. Trans fatty acids are not included in the new dietary guidelines because they have adverse effects on human health. The new dietary guidelines suggest that most people can take multivitamins, and also suggest that people drink alcohol in moderation (except for health reasons or drug taboos). The latter suggestion also points out that not drinking alcohol is definitely better than excessive drinking, but more and more research results show that moderate drinking (including wine, beer or spirits) is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. Advantages of the new standard Can we think that this "new pyramid" is more conducive to human health than the "pyramid" proposed by the US Department of Agriculture? We put forward a new healthy eating index to evaluate how people choose food strictly according to our suggestions. After applying this index to epidemiological research, we found that the prevalence of major chronic diseases of people who follow the "New Golden Pyramid" diet is lower than that of others, mainly due to the sharp decline in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, including a decrease of 30% for women and 40% for men. However, choosing a diet according to the "new golden pyramid" has not reduced the incidence of cancer. Keeping weight and exercising (rather than choosing specific foods) will help reduce the risk of many kinds of cancers. 、