Kindergarten autumn baby growth table: 1 self-care ability 2 health habits 3 safety 4 behavior habits 5 language development ability 6 dance painting

(1) Overall understanding of the health field. Establishing a correct view of health is the cognitive basis for carrying out kindergarten health work and promoting children's healthy growth. What is health? How to understand the health of young children? What do we need to do to promote children's health? What contents and abilities do children need to learn and cultivate in the field of health? The above problems are the first problems that we need to understand when we work in the field of kindergarten health and promote the healthy growth of children with parents, which is directly related to what kind of health concept we have. The "Outline" proposes to establish a correct concept of health, and briefly expounds the basic connotation of the concept of health from two aspects of children's physical health and mental health. The guide clearly points out that "health refers to people's good physical, psychological and social adaptability", and at the same time puts forward that "well-developed body, happy mood, strong body, coordinated movements, good living habits and basic living ability are important signs of children's physical and mental health". Thus, children's health includes physical health and mental health. Early childhood is an important period of physical and psychological development. Maintaining and promoting children's physical and mental health is not only related to children's current health status, but also has an important and far-reaching impact on their future development. Establishing a correct view of health is the cognitive basis for carrying out kindergarten health work and promoting the healthy growth of children. Children's learning and development in the field of health also revolves around such a health concept. 2. The three aspects in the field of health have pointed out the basic direction for kindergartens to carry out health work. The Guide divides children's learning and development in the field of health into three aspects: physical and mental condition, sports development, living habits and living ability. "Physical and mental condition" includes children's physical and mental development, which is an important embodiment of the correct concept of health. Among them, according to the three dimensions of children's physical development, emotional expression and adaptability, the specific goals that children need to learn and develop are put forward, which are embodied in the basic situation of children's physical form, function and psychological development. "Action development" includes the development goals of body big muscle action and hand small muscle action. The development of children's movements is an important manifestation of the development of physical function, and it is also internally related to the development of children's psychology. Childhood is an important period for the development of body movements. The development of children's body movements is an essential basic ability to adapt to social life. "Living habits and living ability" includes living habits, hygiene habits, self-care ability and safe living ability, which are closely related to the healthy growth of children. Good living and hygiene habits are an important guarantee for maintaining and promoting children's own health. Early childhood is an important period for the formation of formal good behaviors and habits. Children need to start from study and life to lay the foundation for independent life in the future. Self-care ability and safe living ability are also important abilities for children to adapt to social life. These three aspects of the guide in the health field point out the basic direction for us to carry out infant health care, care and education. 3. Children's learning and development in the field of health are closely related to other fields. The guide points out that children's physical and mental health is the basis of learning and development in other fields, and points out the important value of children's learning and development in the health field from another angle. For example, a child's well-developed body is the basis of cognitive development; Only when children are physically strong and happy can they energetically devote themselves to exploring the outside world, establish good relations with others, help them gain rich perceptual experience and promote the good development of children's sociality. The development of children's sports ability is also the basis of early reading, painting, performance and operation. Mental health covers a wide range. The health field of the Guide only involves the goals of children's emotional development and adaptation to the collective living environment, while the social field of the Guide contains many goals related to children's mental health development. Therefore, the health field and the social field are closely related and complement each other, and children's learning and development in these two fields are beneficial to children's physical and mental health. At the same time, we should also realize that children's learning and development in other fields are also conducive to the healthy growth of their body and mind. For example, in the process of understanding and exploring the material world and surrounding environment, children can gain knowledge and experience about material characteristics and related safety, which will also help to improve children's ability to identify and judge dangerous things and better safeguard their own safety. For another example, children can clearly express their inner thoughts and emotions to others without developing their language skills. It can be seen that children's learning and development in the field of health should be organically combined with those in other fields and penetrate each other. Only in this way can we promote children's physical and mental development in an all-round way, which also embodies the basic concept of "paying attention to the integrity of children's learning and development" advocated by the Guide. (2) Understanding of the objectives and core values of the health guide 1. The development goal of children's physical health The Guide puts forward the development goal of children's "healthy posture" in the health field, and further puts forward "appropriate height and weight" to gradually form correct sitting posture, standing posture and walking posture's specific requirements. This goal is very important for promoting the normal growth and healthy development of young children. Childhood is an important period for the development of body shape and function, as well as the formation of body posture. Height and weight are the most commonly used and important morphological indexes to evaluate children's growth and development, which reflect the basic characteristics of children's physical development and nutritional status to some extent. According to relevant statistics, the proportion of obesity among children in some large and medium-sized cities in China is increasing year by year. Although this is related to the continuous improvement of people's living conditions, it is also closely related to the incorrect views of adults on health and diet, and the resulting excessive calorie intake and insufficient exercise of children. At the same time, in some remote areas of China, due to economic backwardness and poor living conditions, there are still some children suffering from malnutrition and poor physical development. It can be said that these two situations are not conducive to the healthy growth of young children, and should be widely valued by parents, kindergartens and relevant departments. In addition, there is also the problem of neglecting the development of children's healthy posture in the practical work of kindergartens. For example, in the same age class, children's height may have great individual differences. The desks and chairs in kindergartens are all of the same height, which makes it easy for children to have abnormal body posture when eating and doing desktop learning activities, such as hunching over or raising their arms and shrugging their shoulders. If you do this for a long time, it will easily lead to abnormal curvature of the child's spine. For another example, some kindergartens are equipped with beds that do not meet the national sanitary requirements for kindergarten equipment, which may be detrimental to the normal development of children's spine. For another example, some teachers don't pay much attention to the correctness of children's sitting posture, standing posture and walking posture. Many preschool institutions require children to sit up for a long time or ask them to practice writing. These are not conducive to the healthy development of children's posture, which urgently needs our attention and attention. Focusing on the development goal of children's healthy posture, the Guide puts forward more comprehensive guarantee requirements and clear work direction from the aspects of nutrition and healthy diet supply, sanitary requirements of tables, chairs and beds, guarantee of sleep time, regular health examination and cultivation of correct posture. 2. The development goal of children's emotional health The Guide puts forward the development goal of children's "emotional stability and happiness" in the "physical and mental condition" in the health field. Good emotional expression is an important sign of mental health. For young children, emotional stability and happiness are important conditions for maintaining physical and mental health, promoting their social adaptive behavior and gradually forming a good personality. According to children's emotional characteristics and development needs, the Guide puts forward specific development goals for children of different ages in terms of stabilizing emotions, maintaining happy emotions, and appropriately expressing and regulating emotions. Children's emotional expression is directly related to their environment and inner feelings. Kindergartens still ignore children's emotions and inner feelings, which is not conducive to children's mental health. For example, children who enter kindergarten for the first time often have negative emotions such as anxiety, tension, sadness and fear because they are separated from their relatives and unfamiliar environment. At this time, teachers should understand their feelings, pay extra attention to them, help them alleviate their anxiety of separation, and encourage them to experience the happiness of kindergarten life and activities by guiding them to participate in rich and interesting activities. However, some teachers ignore children's feelings and needs and make them cry or grieve, while others even scare or reprimand them. If children are in this bad mood for a long time in the early stage of entering the park, it is easy to cause physical and mental health problems such as physical dysfunction, physical discomfort, illness or night terrors, nightmares and so on. For example, in the process of children's meals, some teachers may pay more attention to maintaining the order of meals, keeping the dining environment quiet, urging children to eat quickly, and asking children not to be picky about food or complete a certain amount of food. Although the teacher's original intention may be good, but this practice will lead to the dining environment is too tense, depressed, boring, resulting in children not feeling relaxed and happy during the dining process, thus affecting the healthy development of children's body and mind. For another example, some teachers will show obvious preference for children who are clever and sensible, smart and easy-going, and give them more love and care, but they don't like children who are naughty or have a little abnormal personality, and sometimes they even unconsciously show impatient and exclusive attitudes or behaviors towards them. This unfair and unacceptable attitude and behavior of teachers is easily realized by those sensitive children, which is likely to have a negative impact on their emotional performance and personality formation. Good feelings and experiences are the basis for children to form a stable and happy mood. If children can get good feelings and experiences regularly, it will help to form good feelings and experiences, and help to form good emotional response patterns and habits. Therefore, in the "educational suggestions", the guide emphasizes "creating a warm and relaxed psychological environment for children to form a sense of security and trust", "influencing children with positive and happy emotions", "appreciating" children and "accepting" children, which is of great significance to help children gradually form stable and happy emotions and is also an important condition for promoting children's mental health. At the same time, the guide also emphasizes "helping children learn to express and control their emotions appropriately". According to children's age and personality characteristics, it is an important way and method to help children learn to recognize, understand and express emotions, and gradually guide children to learn and master the methods of transferring, alleviating or controlling negative emotions (such as anger and sadness). 3. The development goal guide of children's adaptability puts forward the development goal of promoting children's "certain adaptability" in the "physical and mental condition" in the health field. People's adaptability not only reflects the adaptability of the body to the extremely changing internal and external environment, but also reflects the adaptability to the social environment, which is what we often call social adaptability. According to the age characteristics of children, the Guide puts forward the specific goals of children's learning and development from the aspects of human body's adaptation to extreme weather changes, daily transportation, new environment and collective life. In addition, there are some learning and development goals related to children's social adaptability, which are included in the social field of the Guide. Focusing on the development of children's adaptability, the Guide puts forward specific teaching suggestions from the aspects of ensuring children's outdoor activities, carrying out various game activities and cultivating children's ability to adapt to changes in living environment, which has important guiding value for children to improve their adaptability. Among them, the educational suggestions to promote the development of children's balance function through some game activities (such as turning circles) and equipment activities (such as playing swings and sitting in swivel chairs) have practical guiding significance. The development of children's balance function is not only helpful to improve brain function and cognitive ability, but also of great value. Therefore, it is suggested that kindergartens should be equipped with more sports equipment such as swings, boats and swivel chairs to guide children to carry out such activities frequently. 4. The development goal of children's physical quality "Guide" puts forward the development goals of "having certain balance ability, sensitive coordination of movements" and "having certain strength and endurance" from the perspective of physical quality development in the health field. Physical fitness reflects a person's functional level in physical exercise. For example, balance ability, coordination ability and sensitivity reflect the ability of the nervous system to control and regulate muscle activities, while strength and endurance reflect the functional state of muscle tissue and cardiopulmonary system. Specifically, the ability to balance is the premise of completing various body movements. Developing children's balance ability is helpful for children to maintain a stable and safe state in various activities. Let children realize that self-protection is the most basic ability. There are many kinds of body movements, whether it is walking, running, crawling, patting the ball, etc. , all need rapid and accurate response and effective cooperation from many parts of the body, which is directly related to coordination and sensitivity. Strength is the foundation of body movement. Without muscle strength, children can't stand up and walk, let alone run, jump, climb and carry. Endurance reflects the comprehensive situation of heart, lungs and muscles. With the gradual enhancement of cardiopulmonary function and the continuous improvement of muscle endurance, children can easily carry out various physical activities. Therefore, balance, coordination, agility, strength and endurance are the most basic physical qualities. At present, there are many only children in cities in China, and many parents protect and take care of their children too much, which limits their sports opportunities to a certain extent. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of people's living standards and the continuous improvement of urban public facilities, more and more children go out by car and go upstairs by elevator, which will inevitably reduce the opportunities for children to exercise in their daily lives. Some parents don't like sports themselves, so they don't pay enough attention to the value of children's physical exercise and action development. Some kindergartens do not pay much attention to the development of children's sports activities for various reasons. All these will affect the enhancement of children's physique, which is very unfavorable to the healthy growth of children. The essence of attaching importance to children's physical development is to enhance children's physical fitness. Although the guide describes "having certain balance ability, being sensitive in coordination" and "having certain strength and endurance" respectively, in fact, these physical qualities are related in many sports. For example, if a child wants to run fast, he must have certain leg muscle strength and endurance, so that he can push the ground forcefully and play with others for a long time. Therefore, in the development of children's physical quality, we should pay attention to the correlation and organic combination of these two goals. The following three characteristics can be seen from the specific objectives and educational suggestions of the Guide to the Development of Children's Physical Fitness at All Ages: (1) The development of children's physical fitness can be manifested in life and different physical exercises. For example, going up and down stairs reflects the development of children's balance ability, coordination ability and sensitivity, and walking a certain distance reflects the development of children's endurance to a certain extent; In children's running, jumping, climbing, drilling, climbing, patting the ball and other activities can show balance, coordination and sensitivity. (2) Through various physical exercises, the development goals of children's physical fitness at all ages can be reflected. For example, the balance ability, coordination ability and sensitivity of children aged 4-5 can be reflected by successful activities such as walking, crawling, running up and hurdling, throwing and catching the ball, or playing chasing and dodging games with others. The development goals of strength and endurance of children aged 5-6 can be reflected in the time when their hands are suspended, the distance of throwing sandbags, the distance of continuous jumping with one foot, the distance of running or walking continuously, etc. (3) There are two basic ways to achieve the development goal of children's physical quality: first, pay attention to cultivating children in daily life, such as encouraging children to walk more, take fewer cars, and go up and down stairs or backpacks by themselves; The second is to develop children's physical fitness through various sports activities suitable for children's age characteristics, such as walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, drilling, climbing, hanging, ball games and traditional ethnic and folk sports games. 5. The development goal of children's hand movements The Guide puts forward the development goal of promoting children's "flexible and coordinated hand movements" in the "movement development" in the health field. The development of hand movements is of great significance for individuals to adapt to social life and realize their own development. The development of receiving action is mainly marked by the development of coordination and control ability, which is largely due to the rapid and accurate response of love and neuromuscular, and is an important manifestation of nerve control and adjustment ability. According to the characteristics of children's age, the Guide puts forward the specific goals of children's learning and development at all ages from two dimensions: flexibility and coordination of hand movements and use of tools. Using tools is the basic ability to maintain human survival and adapt to human life. For young children, the important content of hand movement development is to learn to use tools, such as eating with a spoon, drawing or writing with a pen, and cutting things with scissors. As children's daily life is inseparable from the activities of receiving hands, activities in other fields are also inseparable from the participation of hands (such as reading and writing preparation, manipulating objects, and art activities), as long as we provide opportunities for hands-on operation, children's hand movement ability can be naturally exercised and developed in various related activities, which is also the educational concept embodied in the relevant educational suggestions in the Guide. 6. Development Goals of Children's Living Hygiene Habits The Guide puts forward the development goals of promoting children to have good living hygiene habits in the health field. Cultivating good living habits and hygiene habits from childhood is a positive way and an important way to maintain and promote the healthy development of children. It can not only effectively reduce the internal adverse effects of harmful substances on children's health, but also better safeguard children's health and have a positive and lasting impact on children's future health. The Guide puts forward specific goals that children of different ages need to learn and develop from the aspects of life rules, interest in sports activities, good eating habits (such as no partial eclipse, no picky eaters, no overeating, and frequent drinking of boiled water) and sanitary habits (eye hygiene, brushing teeth in the morning and evening, and washing hands before and after meals). Among them, some goals are well known to teachers and have been well implemented in kindergarten education practice, but some goals have not been mentioned before or people still have some problems in understanding them. For example, 3-4-year-old people like to eat fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables, 5-6-year-old people prefer to drink boiled water instead of greedy cups, and 5-6-year-old people take the initiative to drink boiled water instead of greedy cups, which are similar to the goals of "eat more fresh vegetables and fruits" and "drink less sugary drinks" proposed in the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents issued by the Ministry of Health in 2007. In order to promote children to develop good eating habits, it is necessary for kindergartens and families to carry out preliminary dietary nutrition education for children. For another example, in the health field of the outline, the goal of "like to participate in sports activities" is put forward together with the goal of "coordinated and flexible movements", while in the guide, the goal of "like to participate in sports activities" for 3~4 years old, 4~5 years old and "can actively participate in sports activities" for 5~6 years old is put on the cultivation of "good living and health habits". The development goal guide of children's self-care ability puts forward the development goal of promoting children's "basic self-care ability" in the field of health. Because children's self-care ability is closely related to children's life, hygiene habits and hand movements, the learning and development goals of children's self-care are not only included in the goal of "having basic self-care ability", but also reflected in the two goals of "having good living and hygiene habits" and "flexible and coordinated hand movements". To some extent, this reflects the relationship between children's learning and development goals in the health field. Generally speaking, the learning and development goals of children's self-care ability in the guide include washing, defecating, wearing clothes, shoes and socks, sorting out daily necessities and school supplies. Children spend most of their time in prison at home. There are many one-child families in China, especially in Separate child care. The special feature of the Guide in relevant educational suggestions is to encourage children to do what they can and reduce arranged substitution. Therefore, kindergartens need to do a good job of parents. Only with the cooperation of the family can children's self-care ability be effectively improved. 8. The development goal of children's safe life The Guide puts forward the development goal of "having basic safety knowledge and self-protection ability" in the health field. Children are curious and like to explore, but they lack the ability to know and judge dangerous things or behaviors, and their awareness and ability to protect themselves are weak, so accidental injuries occur from time to time. It is important for adults to pay attention to protection and care, but with the gradual growth of children's age, children need to master basic safety knowledge and have certain self-protection ability under the guidance of adults. Children's ability to live safely is the basic ability to ensure their own life safety and maintain their own health. According to children's living environment and development needs, the Guide puts forward the learning and development goals of children of different ages from the perspectives of safety in communication with people, safety in activities or sports, traffic safety, help-seeking and disaster prevention. In order to achieve the development goal of children's safe life, the Guide not only emphasizes that adults should create a safe living environment for children and provide necessary protection, but also lists many safety knowledge closely related to children's lives and methods of seeking help and self-help, which provides rich and specific contents and methods for kindergartens and families to carry out children's safety education. Among them, the educational suggestion that "kindergartens should regularly carry out escape drills from natural disasters such as fires and earthquakes" is very important, which is helpful to improve children's self-protection ability and their collective ability to deal with related disasters or their handling ability in dangerous situations. To sum up, the goals of children's learning and development proposed in the Guide in the field of health reflect the reasonable expectations of the state for the healthy development of children's body and mind, and point out the specific and clear direction for kindergartens and families to better promote the comprehensive and harmonious development of children's body and mind. In order to better realize the goal of children's learning and development in the Guide, we need to study hard, understand the Guide accurately, and really implement it in practice.