1, some common psychological problems of children
1. 1 activity
Mainly manifested in several aspects, lack of concentration, great emotional fluctuation and poor self-control ability. Active, specifically like running, or climbing up and down, walking, shouting or talking, Doby others. Inattention means that you can't concentrate on the lecture in class, your attention is distracted, you are easily distracted by environmental interference, you look around in class, you are absent-minded or in a daze. Poor self-control, manifested in childish willfulness, poor self-control, irritability or impulsiveness, regardless of the consequences, may suddenly make some dangerous actions and destructive behaviors.
1.2 anxiety
The specific manifestations are lack of self-confidence, over-sensitivity, loss of appetite and crying for no reason. Such children are sensitive to strange environment, afraid, even nervous, crying constantly, often worried about being laughed at by others, paying too much attention to things that haven't happened yet, accompanied by unfounded troubles, and being too anxious about some trivial things in daily life.
1.3 attack
This kind of child runs around all day, likes to play practical jokes, likes to satirize others, has no love for beautiful things, and is addicted to beating and shows aggression.
2. Problems in children's mental health education.
2. 1 Theoretical accumulation is not deep enough.
Although mental health education has a certain history of development in China, children's mental health education has received unprecedented attention, but children's mental health education is still a new thing in China, and problems can only be discovered and solved through exploration. In addition, at present, the theory of children's mental health education in China is relatively weak and the related accumulation is not deep enough, which leads to the backwardness of children's mental health education in China compared with other countries in theory and cannot form a complete theoretical and practical system. Some preschool institutions in China only use some scattered books when guiding kindergartens to carry out mental health education.
There are not many people who specialize in the theoretical research of children's mental health education in China, and kindergartens often ignore the understanding and digestion of some imported materials when educating children. In this way, there is a contradiction between the high level of theory and the low level of general theory.
Some kindergarten teachers apply the theory of primary school mental health education to the practice of children's mental health education when solving children's unique psychological problems. The consequences of this situation, not only did not prescribe the right medicine, but also may worsen the child's psychological problems. What we advocate is that when developing children's mental health education, we should not only digest and understand the theories of educators and foreign experts on children's mental health education, but also combine the current practice to solve children's psychological problems.
2.2 Lack of professional teachers
At present, most of the workers engaged in children's mental health education are kindergarten teachers. However, in most parts of China, most kindergarten teachers' academic qualifications do not meet the requirements of the Teacher Qualification Regulations (kindergarten teachers have graduated or above).
Because many preschool teachers know little about children's psychological knowledge at school and lack solid knowledge of children's mental health education, they often feel at a loss and confused about various phenomena of children's psychology. It is impossible to correct children's psychological problems in time, and it is also impossible to predict and prevent children's possible psychological diseases. Kindergarten teachers usually have a heavy task. Besides teaching, they should also take care of some physical and psychological needs of young children. Special mental health education for children will increase the burden of preschool teachers. It goes without saying that it is difficult and effective to carry out mental health education for children without any professional training.
Therefore, the lack of teachers who have received systematic professional knowledge training in children's mental health education has become the biggest obstacle to the development of children's mental health education in China. The lack of professional teachers will lead to the stagnation of kindergarten mental health education, and will also make kindergarten mental health education in trouble. Due to the lack of professional psychological teachers, many kindergartens cannot carry out children's mental health education normally, and lack the theoretical guidance of children's mental health education. It is a long way to go to establish the model, goal and content of mental health education.
3. Strengthen mental health education in children's teaching activities.
3. 1 the infiltration of mental health education in classroom teaching
Teachers should pay attention to children's various reactions in classroom teaching, affirm and praise their enthusiasm and good performance at any time, and stimulate their initiative. In the process of teaching activities, teachers should take practical problems as materials, organize thinking and discussion in time, and then explain and analyze them, or give more specific and direct guidance to the actual problems that are happening, so that children can get positive psychological hints, enhance their confidence in overcoming difficulties and improve their adaptability.
3.2 Game activities into mental health education
Different game activities have different effects on children in all aspects. For example, in the performance game of middle and large classes, children are very interested in the theme of "big windmill". At first, several children had an argument to play their favorite roles such as Scarab and Sister Deer, which led to difficulties in the performance. At this time, they gradually realized that they needed to discuss the role distribution and what programs to perform. Therefore, children exercise their communication skills through negotiation, division of labor, cooperation and humility with their peers in the game, which greatly promotes the formation of children's good character.
Games can also be incorporated into the daily educational activities of kindergartens, which not only fully trains children's various senses, but also develops their ability to understand, imagine and remember things. Besides the educational function of the game itself, the integration of mental health education into the game can also play a synergistic role. Games can help children form the good habit of being gregarious and independent.
Through role games, children learn how to get along with their peers in activities such as establishing the theme of the game, choosing roles and developing plots. Through games, children's intelligence can be developed, children's negative emotions can be adjusted, children's will quality can be exercised, children's communication skills can be cultivated, and the formation of children's good character can be promoted. Of course, not all games are effective for mental health education. Children's mental health education games should be targeted and targeted.
3.3 Promote gregarious development in sports activities
Physical activity promotes the development of children's brains and is also an effective way to promote the development of gregarious behavior. For various reasons, some children will have the problem of mental retardation. Such children are often clumsy, running around, easy to fall, and have sensory integration disorder. Consciously strengthening their comprehensive special training in sports activities can cultivate their team spirit, cooperation ability and interpersonal communication ability, so as to improve their psychological quality and moral quality simultaneously and promote each other.
4. Concluding remarks
Early childhood is a period in which individuals grow and develop very rapidly and have strong plasticity. According to the characteristics and laws of children's psychological development, preschool workers should strengthen mental health education and cultivate their bright future with scientific and rational love.