Such as infectious diseases, we must first identify whether it is bacterial infection or viral infection, even if it is bacterial infection, we must also distinguish what kind of pathogenic bacteria it is. Otherwise, it is difficult to choose the latest and best antibacterial drugs whose antibacterial spectrum does not match the pathogenic bacteria. For example, meningitis caused by central nervous system infection can be divided into purulent meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis, tuberculous meningitis and viral meningitis caused by bacterial infection.
Another example is toxic shock caused by drug allergic shock and infection, "drug-induced liver" and "viral liver", arrhythmia in the treatment of digoxin, whether it is the poisoning reaction of digoxin or the aggravation of heart disease. If you take medicine blindly without paying attention to syndrome differentiation and treatment, it will delay treatment and endanger your life. (2) Pay attention to the medical history and medication history.
(3) Pay attention to individualized medication: In recent years, with the in-depth development of clinical pharmacy and the application of blood drug concentration monitoring technology, it is found that drugs with the same dose can produce different drug reactions in different individuals, that is, drugs with equivalent doses are not equivalent in effect, such as phenytoin sodium (300mg per day), aminophylline (300mg per day) and digoxin (0.5 mg per day).
25mg), which is ineffective for some patients, can also cause poisoning, and the poisoning symptoms of some drugs are very confused with the symptoms caused by the disease itself, which is difficult to distinguish. If the blood drug concentration is not monitored, blindly increasing the dose will lead to drug poisoning and death.
Therefore, we should pay attention to the observation of the changes of the disease, gradually change the prescription from routine and empirical to individualized and scientific, and monitor the blood drug concentration when necessary. (4) Strictly grasp the indications: A large number of survey data show that drug abuse (no clear indications or poor indications), especially the abuse of three elements (hormones, antibiotics and vitamins) is still very common in China, and drug source accidents caused by it have been reported from time to time.
(5) Pay attention to drug interaction: Drug source accidents caused by blind combination of drugs due to ignoring drug interaction have also been reported from time to time. (6) Pay attention to adverse reactions. (7) Fully and deeply understand the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics of drugs, and pay attention to drug selection (high curative effect and low toxicity) and usage (reasonable course of treatment and reasonable withdrawal).
(8) Pay attention to convenient administration: Oral and external administration is not only convenient, but also safer than intramuscular and intravenous administration. Therefore, unless the condition requires it, generally speaking, intramuscular injection is not required for internal and external use, and intravenous injection is not required for intramuscular injection. (9) Pay attention to pharmacoeconomics: Pharmacoeconomics is to study the contradiction between the infinity of people's demand for health level and the effectiveness of national economy and natural resources.
With the progress of population aging, medical expenses have also increased sharply, which has seriously affected the development of national economy and become a serious social problem faced by people. Pharmacoeconomics has been included in the category of rational drug use at home and abroad. In short, it is to ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication with the lowest medical expenses.