1. What are the hazards of hypertension?
1. cerebrovascular accident
Cerebrovascular accident, also known as stroke, is fierce and has a very high mortality rate. Even if they don't die, most of them will be disabled, which is the most fierce kind of acute cerebrovascular disease. The higher the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, the higher the incidence of stroke. Hypertension patients have the pathological existence of arteriosclerosis, such as cerebral arteriosclerosis to a certain extent, plus temporary excitement or excessive excitement, such as anger, sudden accidents, strenuous exercise and so on. , make blood pressure rise sharply, cerebral blood vessels rupture and bleed, and blood overflows to brain tissue around blood vessels. At this time, the patient immediately fell into a coma and fell to the ground, commonly known as a stroke.
2. Renal arteriosclerosis and uremia
Hypertension complicated with renal failure accounts for about 10%. Hypertension has a close and complicated relationship with kidney. On the one hand, hypertension causes kidney damage; On the other hand, kidney damage aggravates hypertension. Hypertension and renal damage can interact to form a vicious circle. The rapid development of hypertension can cause extensive diffuse renal arteriolar lesions, lead to malignant renal arteriolar sclerosis, and thus rapidly develop into uremia.
3. Hypertensive heart disease
The continuous increase of arterial pressure increases the burden on the heart and forms compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy form hypertensive heart disease. The disease will eventually lead to heart failure.
4. Coronary heart disease
The change of blood pressure will cause the imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand in myocardium. Hypertension patients' blood pressure continues to rise, left ventricular afterload increases, myocardial strength increases, and myocardial oxygen consumption increases. When they are complicated with coronary atherosclerosis, the function of coronary blood flow reserve decreases and the oxygen supply to myocardium decreases, so angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure occur.
5. Visual impairment
Long-term hypertension can also lead to eye damage and even blindness.
Second, what are the hazards of hyperglycemia?
1. leads to emaciation, fatigue and lack of energy.
Diabetes patients have increased blood sugar and urine sugar excretion. Due to insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance, glucose in blood can't be transported to cells to be metabolized and utilized by human body, resulting in serious energy shortage, which leads to fatigue and drowsiness of diabetic patients, and the work ability and quality of life are obviously reduced.
2. Lead to decreased immunity and easy secondary infection.
Because diabetic patients are often in a state of high sugar, fat and protein are over-decomposed and malnourished, which leads to decreased immunity and is prone to secondary infections, such as skin furuncle, urinary tract infection, lung infection and wound infection. And infections are often difficult to cure and wounds don't heal for a long time.
3. Lead to electrolyte disorder and ketoacidosis.
When hyperglycemia occurs, the urine volume of diabetic patients increases obviously, taking away a lot of electrolytes from urine, leading to electrolyte disorder. At the same time, due to the obstacle of sugar utilization when diabetic patients have high blood sugar, they turn to decompose fat to produce energy. With the decomposition of fat, ketone body production increases, leading to "diabetic ketoacidosis".
4. Causes dehydration and hyperosmotic state of the body.
Hyperglycemia causes a large amount of glucose to be excreted with urine, causing hyperosmotic diuresis and dehydration. Dehydration leads to the increase of osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid, which attracts water to transfer from intracellular to extracellular. Severe dehydration of brain tissue cells can cause brain dysfunction and even coma, which is called "hyperosmotic coma" clinically.
5. Causes chronic complications of various blood vessels and nerves.
Long-term hyperglycemia in diabetic patients will damage blood vessels (including macrovessels and microvessels) and nerves (mainly sensory nerves and autonomic nerves), leading to the occurrence and development of chronic complications such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy and diabetic foot gangrene.
3. What are the hazards of hyperlipidemia?
1. leads to coronary heart disease.
The human body is in a state of hyperlipidemia for a long time, which will form atherosclerosis, reduce coronary blood flow, narrow vascular lumen, cause myocardial ischemia, lead to angina pectoris and form coronary heart disease.
2. Induce a stroke
Once the human body forms hyperlipidemia, blood vessels are often in a state of spasm. After hardening, the cerebral vascular endothelium is damaged and easily ruptured, leading to hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral vascular blood flow stagnation under thrombosis will lead to cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism.
3. Lead to high blood pressure
After the formation of human atherosclerosis, it will lead to myocardial dysfunction, a large number of angiotensin converting enzymes activated, causing arterial vasospasm and elevated blood pressure.
4. Formation of arteriosclerosis
The deposition and movement of a large number of lipids in plasma will reduce the blood flow rate, and it can also be deposited on the arterial endothelium through oxidation, and it will adhere to the vascular wall for a long time, damaging the arterial endothelium and eventually forming arteriosclerosis.
5. Lead to liver function damage
Long-term hyperlipidemia will lead to fatty liver, and hepatic atherosclerosis will cause liver lobule damage, lead to changes in liver structure, form cirrhosis and damage liver function.
Step 6 lead to obesity
Hyperlipidemia and excessive accumulation of fat in the blood will lead to oversupply of fat in the body and lead to obesity.
7. Accelerate human aging
If a large number of lipid substances are free and deposited in human blood, they will form lipid oxidation free radicals through oxidation, which will be free in plasma, invade human cells, make cells aging and die, and accelerate human aging.
8. Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia interact.
Many diabetic patients are accompanied by hyperlipidemia, so people usually call diabetes and hyperlipidemia sister diseases, and think hyperlipidemia is the secondary disease of diabetes. According to statistics, about 40% of diabetic patients have lipid metabolism disorder, which is characterized by the increase of triglyceride and the decrease of high density lipoprotein. The interaction between them can easily induce other diseases.