1. Abuse of antibiotics
According to statistics, the per capita annual consumption of antibiotics in China is about1.38g, which is 10 times that of the United States, and it is also the country with the most serious abuse of antibiotics in the world. Among them, children in the growing period are the people who are most harmed by drug abuse. One of the reasons is that many parents inadvertently hurt their children because they lack the basic knowledge of antibiotic use.
90%-95% of colds are caused by virus infection. Antibiotics have a common feature, that is, they can only kill bacteria and have no effect on viruses. When a child has a cold, if there is no bacterial infection, there is no need to take antibiotics, but most of the self-treatment methods in our family are combined with antibiotics.
In addition, in the eyes of most parents, children's diarrhea is a "small problem" and is often ignored. They usually choose to go to the pharmacy to buy some antibiotics and antidiarrheal drugs, which brings about drug abuse and health risks that are very worrying. According to reports, diarrhea is divided into infectious and non-infectious types, 70% of which are non-infectious diarrhea. The former has frequent stools, often accompanied by fever and abdominal pain, and pus and blood in the stool; The latter's feces are watery, with a large amount of excretion and little abdominal pain, but patients often feel unwell and weak at the same time or before diarrhea. Infectious diarrhea needs antibiotic treatment, while non-infectious diarrhea is a self-limiting disease and does not need antibiotic treatment. Abuse of antibiotics not only causes economic waste, but also causes side effects such as the growth of drug-resistant strains and flora imbalance. For example, using antibiotics to treat allergic diarrhea is not only ineffective, but also counterproductive. The correct way is to avoid contact with allergic foods and feed some special foods, such as amino acid formula milk powder and protein deeply hydrolyzed milk powder. And adjust the intestines to recover slowly.
Newborns, especially premature infants, have hypoplastic liver function. Taking large doses of chloramphenicol antibiotics is easy to accumulate in the body and cause fatal toxic reactions. Among the 2 1 actors in the Spring Festival Gala in 2005, 18 were allergic to antibiotics before the age of 2, resulting in drug-induced deafness.
Taking medicine at will or resolutely not taking medicine during pregnancy may endanger mother and baby. The correct way is to study the instructions or seek the guidance of a doctor. If tetracycline is easy to cause fetal malformation, do not use it; Penicillins and cephalosporins have low toxicity and are relatively safe for the fetus. Can be used according to the doctor's advice, but should still pay attention to allergic reactions.
Many antibiotics and alcohol enter the body at the same time, which may lead to some adverse reactions, from dizziness and nausea to shock and even death. Sleeping pills (diazepam) taken together with alcoholic beverages can easily aggravate drowsiness and lethargy, and even lead to respiratory depression and even death.
2. Wrong medication method
Lie down and take pills and pills. If you drink less water, only half of the medicine reaches the stomach, and the other half dissolves in the esophagus or sticks to the esophageal wall. Because some drugs are alkaline, some are acidic, and some are very irritating, if they are dissolved on the esophageal wall or stay too long, they will cause esophageal inflammation and even cause ulcers. The correct way to take medicine is to take medicine standing up and drink plenty of water. Don't lie down immediately after taking medicine. It's best to stand or walk for a minute to let the medicine completely enter the stomach. Be careful not to swallow drugs dry, because swallowing drugs dry is most likely to make tablets stick to the esophageal wall, leading to esophageal mucosal damage.
Before taking the medicine, you should read the instructions carefully and take the medicine as required. Once a day means taking medicine at the same time at a fixed time every day. Take it twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, usually at 8 am and 8 pm. Take it three times a day, that is, morning, noon and evening 1 time. Generally speaking, taking before meals means taking it half an hour before meals, and stomach-invigorating drugs and digestive AIDS are mostly taken before meals. Drugs not marked before meals should be taken after meals. Taking it before bed means taking it half an hour before bed. It should be noted that you should do some activities after taking the medicine, and then stay in bed. Taking it on an empty stomach means taking it on an empty stomach in the morning, about 1 hour before breakfast.
Life-saving drugs will be invalid regardless of the shelf life.
Nitroglycerin is one of the "life-saving drugs" commonly used by some elderly people. The shelf life of nitroglycerin is generally 1-2 years, but is it still like this after opening? 50.39% of netizens think it will not change. Experts pointed out that nitroglycerin is easy to deliquesce. Once opened, the validity period will no longer be 1 year or 2 years, but will be used up within 3-6 months, otherwise the efficacy will be discounted. The same problem is eye drops. Eye drops require high sterility, and it is best to discard them if they are not used up within 30 days. At the same time, pay attention to the preservation at 2-8 degrees Celsius. Expired drugs or improper storage of drugs will invalidate drugs or cause harm to themselves.
4.OTC drugs are divided into two categories, implying safety guidance.
Statistics show that 50.83% netizens don't know whether OTC drugs are classified into A and B, and 56.62% netizens don't know which one is safer. Experts remind consumers that the background color of the "OTC" logo on the packaging box of Class A OTC drugs is red, and it can only be retailed in social pharmacies and medical institutions with Drug Business License and pharmaceutical professionals with licensed pharmacists or above qualifications; The background color of the "OTC" logo on the packaging box of Class B OTC drugs is green, which can be retailed in approved ordinary commercial enterprises and hotels except social pharmacies and medical institutions. Therefore, the safety of Class B OTC drugs is higher, and it is suggested that the public use Class B OTC drugs in their daily self-medication.