Landscaping of residential quarters is an important means to improve the environmental quality of residential quarters and the value of residential buildings. The landscape planning and design of residential areas should incorporate the design concept of "humanization, ecology and naturalization". As designers, we should pay more attention to enhancing the connotation of landscape design, pursuing a high-quality living environment, organically combining the ecological environment with the humanistic environment, and achieving the effect of harmony between man and nature.
First, the importance of landscaping to the quality of residential areas
Landscaping in urban residential quarters can cool down, adjust humidity, shade, prevent wind, shield noise and harmful rays, purify the air and increase the oxygen content in the atmosphere, thus improving and improving the ecological environment quality of residential quarters. Greening can play a very good role in separating outdoor living space, making the space "separated and continuous", which not only meets some privacy requirements of residents, but also meets their social requirements. Rational allocation of plants to create a four-season landscape of "spring flowers, summer shade, autumn fruits and holly" can make residents physically and mentally happy and enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature. The green space in residential area is a good place for residents to relax, exercise, communicate and chat. Setting up sand pits, slides, seesaws, climbing frames, swivel chairs and other children's playgrounds and facilities in the green space can promote the healthy development of children's body and mind.
Second, the elements of community landscape
1, Greening-This is the basic element of the environmental landscape, which serves as a green barrier to reduce environmental pollution and noise, change the community climate and improve the environmental quality.
2. Roads-roads in residential areas form a framework, reflecting the flow direction of people, and their main functions are to divert traffic and divide the space of residential areas; On the other hand, a successful road design will become a beautiful landscape of the community. Roads can be divided into carriageways and sidewalks according to their functions, and concrete pavements, asphalt pavements and stone pavements according to their building materials.
3. Paving-it is often used in the square in the center of the community, where people are relatively concentrated, for residents to rest. Paving materials are often square bricks, stones, concrete blocks, pebbles, etc.
4. Water-In the landscape design of China, a landscape can be built without water, which shows the role of water in landscape design. The waterscape in the community can reflect the grandeur of the building and become a place for children to play.
5. Sketch-Sketch plays the role of landscape embellishment in the community, and the designed sketch often becomes the center of people's activities and the focus of people's attention.
Third, the principles of community landscape planning
1, adhere to the people-oriented principle. Consider the residents' demand for ventilation, lighting and sunshine. It is necessary to form an open pattern in the green space system, so that people's leisure, sports, communication and other activities can be integrated into the landscape, and they can enjoy the sunshine, rain, flowers and birds at any time and anywhere, creating a beautiful, safe and comfortable living space.
2, in line with the principle of economy. In the landscape design of modern residential quarters, to achieve the unity of beauty, economy and practicality, we should not only consider the appreciation value of the landscape, but also consider the development cost of the landscape. Therefore, there is no need for excessive extravagance and waste in the landscape design of residential quarters. In order to conform to the principle of economy, in landscape design, we should properly control the garden area, reasonably select ideal garden materials, reduce or not use large fountains and lawns, skillfully design the original terrain, make good use of the scenery, and reduce the landscape design cost of residential quarters.
3. It conforms to the principle of ecological beauty. For residential quarters, we must first meet people's requirements for comfort and beauty. Therefore, in the planning of modern residential quarters, it is necessary to satisfy people's aesthetic orientation through various landscape designs such as plant greening, build a modern residential quarter with fresh air and beautiful environment, and realize the ecological beauty of the quarter.
4. The principle of diversity. Combine traditional culture with modern urban life. Different theme parks are defined with corresponding spaces to meet the different needs and activities of people of different ages, occupations and cultural levels, and at the same time enrich the artistic style of community landscape.
Fourthly, measures to improve the landscape design of residential areas.
1. Selection of greening tree species and plant configuration. An excellent greening design is definitely an excellent residential landscape, which can be used as a variety of plants for greening. Different plant combinations can make the whole residential area change with the seasons, forming a rich and colorful landscape. When there is a large area of greening in the community, you can use high, straight, large crown and distinctive excellent tree species, mainly trees; Small bamboo forests can be planted at the entrance of the community, and the fresh wind is emerging; Ornamental shrubs or small flowers can be planted at the door of the unit; Trees on both sides of the road can choose deciduous trees with strong shading ability. Therefore, in terms of plant landscaping, we should adhere to the principle of adapting to local conditions and having scenery in all seasons, adopt a large number of multi-layer structures of trees, shrubs and grasses, match evergreen and deciduous leaves, and pay attention to plant color, shape, branches, flowers, leaves and fruits to create a colorful plant landscape structure.
2. The combination of landscape design and architectural design. Designers should regard landscape design as one of the components of the space environment juxtaposed with architectural design, unify the design ideas from the aspects of planning layout, creative conception and various use functions, extend the architectural design concept and cultural spirit to the external space, pursue its relevance and integrity, and create a harmonious space integrating residents, architectural space, landscape space and natural environment.
3. Trail design. When designing the trail, we should consider the user's feelings and make people feel relaxed and happy when walking on the trail. In route design, the combination of straight and straight roads can be adopted, and the design includes putting in and taking out, shading, hiding because of slope and appearing when encountering water, so as to create a leisure atmosphere, meet the requirements of multi-function, and make concession roads become places for leisure and entertainment.
4. Garden running water and fountain design. If running water and fountains are set in the square of the community, it will increase the decoration and interest of the community and make the water create a natural feeling. Adding plant decoration to the running water and fountains will make the running water show various effects. The layout of pavilions, bridges and stones in flowing water design will create a different artistic conception for the community landscape and add interest to life. If the fountain with low energy consumption and low noise is used in the fountain design of the community, such as spring water and water film fountain, the spring water will be ejected along the spring eye or from the special nozzle, forming a small but quiet water flow; If the lamp is used at night, it will show the charm of the fountain. Water film fountain is a water film formed by water film nozzles, which can form a fountain with beautiful shape, lively and small size, low noise and strong oxygen-increasing ability, and enhance the landscape of the community.
5. Sketch landscape design. Garden architectural decoration sketches are small in size, novel in shape, full of garden characteristics and local colors, and are indispensable elements in the garden environment. Although it is not as important as the main building in the garden, it shines like a beautiful flower in the garden and becomes a favorite scenery.
(1) Scenic spots and scenery: Scenic spots and scenery should be integrated with natural scenery, and garden buildings often become the central subject of landscape composition, or local small scenes or main scenes that are easy to close up, which control the layout of the whole garden. Landscape architecture often plays the role of finishing touch in landscape composition.
(2) Sightseeing: As a place to watch the scenery inside and outside the park, a building often becomes the viewing point of the picture, and a group of buildings are connected with the veranda, which becomes the viewing line of the panoramic view of the cave. Therefore, the orientation of the building and the location of doors and windows should consider the requirements of enjoying the scenery.
(3) Tour guide route: Garden buildings often have the function of riding and turning. When people's eyes come into contact with a beautiful garden building, the tour route will naturally extend, and the building often becomes the main goal of sight guidance.
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