Self-confidence is a person's correct understanding and full evaluation of his own ability, and it is a good psychological quality. Confident children are enthusiastic and optimistic, not afraid of setbacks, and can achieve their goals with firm belief and tenacious perseverance. However, children in migrant workers' children's schools generally lack self-confidence, have negative psychology of inferiority, and cannot treat their shortcomings with a correct attitude and a peaceful attitude. The reasons for this psychological formation are very complicated, mainly economic status, cultural background, birthplace and so on. In this way, if you ignore your own strengths, you always feel that you are not as good as others. Therefore, teachers should first change the evaluation angle, polish their eyes and discover the advantages and highlights of students in time. Secondly, teachers should give students clever hints in various ways, such as a sincere smile, a caring look, an encouraging word, a seemingly casual praise and so on. Let them know their strengths and see their abilities, so as to overcome their inferiority and build up their self-confidence. Thirdly, teachers should guide students to face up to themselves and evaluate themselves scientifically from two aspects, so that students can understand that we have the advantages envied by others, and at the same time, let students see their own shortcomings and learn to face them correctly. Teachers can let students tell their most difficult things, help them find solutions, enable students to overcome difficulties, experience the joy of success, and establish confidence that I can do it.
(2) Teaching methods and promoting communication.
Bernard Shaw said, "If you have an apple and I have an apple, and we exchange these apples with each other, then you and I still have an apple. But if you have an idea, I have an idea, and we exchange these ideas with each other, then each of us will have two ideas. " Students' communication has the function of obtaining information and is helpful to students' socialization. Through communication, they not only have an objective understanding of themselves, but also know something about others. They are not self-centered, knowing that there are mountains outside the mountains and people outside, and they don't give up on themselves. They know how to learn from each other and cooperate with each other. Teachers should tell students that when interacting with others, they should first be polite to others, and then be sincere, modest, open-minded, know how to restrain and forbear, and actively listen to other people's opinions, and don't play pranks or make fun of others. Many migrant workers' children are withdrawn, depressed, introverted, taciturn and unsociable. It is not conducive to their healthy growth to shut themselves in a small circle of self, admire themselves or feel ashamed of themselves. In this regard, teachers should be good at selecting topics, inspire and guide them more, and let them open their hearts and be willing to communicate with others. At the same time, it is necessary to create a United and friendly class group, infect them with collective love, let them experience the happiness of collective life, gradually become lively and cheerful, and integrate into collective life as soon as possible.
(3) Be good at grooming and cultivating emotions.
With the continuous accumulation of knowledge, the continuous improvement of various abilities, the sharp changes in physiology and psychology, and their special social role-the second generation of marginalized people, growing students gradually enrich their emotional experience, but they are in a semi-naive and semi-mature period, and their emotions are still unbalanced and unstable, which often breeds bad emotions and emotions. Teachers should first understand students, respect them, communicate with them frequently and pay attention to their progress. Secondly, teachers should let students know which emotions and emotions are good and easy to be accepted, and which ones are bad, which should be controlled and eliminated. Teachers should guide students to understand psychological phenomena, learn to adjust and control their emotions, and strive to cultivate noble emotions. Teachers should patiently help students distinguish between positive and negative, optimistic and pessimistic, self-esteem and vanity, pride and conceit. Let them adjust and sublimate their emotions through reasonable release, reduce psychological pressure and tension, and guide students to learn to look at problems from multiple angles, be broad-minded, tolerant and emotional.
(4) Organize practice and exercise will.
People with good will are characterized by firm belief, courage and optimism, strong self-control, perseverance and perseverance. This is even more necessary for the children of migrant workers.
Schools can organize a variety of practical activities, so that students can be honed in the activities, and self-discipline, self-discipline and self-education can be carried out by actively overcoming the difficulties in the activities, so as to exercise their will and form the psychological quality of self-improvement and perseverance. Let students grow and mature in the activities.
To carry out mental health education for students, we should pay attention to creating a good environment, a lush campus, a clean classroom, a harmonious and enterprising class spirit, and an atmosphere in which the whole school cares about students' psychological development to promote their healthy and happy growth.
Schools should do a good job in mental health education.
1, the content of mental health education
The contents of mental health education in schools are quite rich. At present, the contents of mental health education for primary and secondary school students should mainly include the following aspects.
(1) Learning psychological counseling. Including observation, memory, thinking, creation, ability, learning methods, thinking methods and other aspects of counseling. This part is helpful to improve students' understanding level and learning efficiency. We often find that students have defects such as poor memory, inattention, lack of learning methods, and inability to analyze problems. Strengthening psychological guidance in this aspect can help students learn according to the learning rules, pay attention to learning methods, and eliminate the passive situation in learning, so as to better grasp the laws of attention, memory, observation and thinking and learn to learn to learn.
(2) Interpersonal psychological counseling. Nowadays, many primary and middle school students are only children, many are not good at interacting with others, some are unwilling, some are willing and some are shy. Modern society is a cooperative society, and learning to communicate is an important lesson in life. Therefore, students should be taught to smile, praise, talk, tolerate, care and respect others, so as to integrate themselves into the collective and society.
(3) Psychological quality consultation. The common phenomena of emotional instability, weak will, lying and running away from home among primary and secondary school students, as well as typical cases of individual suicide and crime, show that the overall psychological quality of primary and secondary school students needs to be improved. Therefore, we must give psychological guidance to students in cognition, self-confidence, interest, motivation, temperament, character, ability, will, emotion and overcoming setbacks, so that students can learn self-control, self-management and self-supervision, so as to learn to be a man.
Although the contents of the three aspects listed above are relatively independent and different from each other, they cannot be completely separated as a whole, and there are certain connections and mutual influences between them.
2. Ways of mental health education
Schools play a leading role in strengthening students' mental health education. Mental health education and teaching activities are regarded as two wheels of modern schools and one of the important symbols of modern schools. Schools should build a new model of school mental health education, which combines professional courses with other courses, professional consultants and teachers, and extracurricular activities. Therefore, we should start with the contents, methods and approaches of students' mental health education.
① Cultivate students' correct "three views" and lay an ideological foundation for mental health education.
Correct outlook on life, values and world outlook are the pillars of mental health, and often become the soul and criterion to lead individual actions. Only when students have correct ideas and viewpoints can they overcome the difficulties in pursuing their goals and will not lose confidence and hope under any circumstances; Only when we have self-esteem can we know how to respect others and live in harmony with the people around us. The ideological plasticity of primary and middle school students is very strong, which is the basic stage of the formation of "three views" Therefore, in primary and secondary schools, we should do a good job in education and teaching from all aspects, cultivate students' correct three views and lay an ideological foundation for their mental health.
② Offering special mental health education courses.
The author thinks that the special course of mental health education must be incorporated into the curriculum system and become an indispensable part, so that it can be closely combined with subject courses and activity courses to form a synergistic effect, thus forming a unified new curriculum system composed of subject courses, activity courses and special courses of mental health education, which is the fundamental way to strengthen mental health education, optimize the curriculum system, promote the development of psychological quality and promote the comprehensive and harmonious development of overall quality.
The contents of specialized courses mainly include the following aspects: general knowledge about the elements of human psychological structure; Knowledge about the psychological development of teenagers and children; Knowledge about mental health or mental health and self-mental health care; Knowledge about optimizing psychological quality, developing psychological potential and how to carry out self-psychological education.
(3) Main body infiltration.
Discipline infiltration refers to teachers' conscious and conscious mental health education in discipline teaching. If specialized courses are the main channel of mental health education in schools, they play a leading role; Then consciously infiltrating the content of mental health education in the teaching of various subjects is the secondary channel, which plays the role of "indoctrination". Generally speaking, the main strategies are as follows: (1) setting the teaching objectives scientifically; Make full use of mental health education resources in subject courses; Strive to create a good classroom psychological atmosphere; Strengthen teachers' role consciousness as "mental health doctors".
4. Live in activities.
Carrying out colorful campus cultural activities will provide opportunities and conditions for students' healthy physical and mental development. Activity design should follow the principles of subjectivity, openness, diversity, effectiveness and systematicness. When carrying out activities, we should pay attention to the following points and seize the opportunity, such as the beginning of a new semester, the joy of success, the difficulty of failure, and the budding of bad tendencies. Stimulate power; Carefully prepared; Effective guidance; Seriously sum up, etc. Of course, the activities carried out should be suitable for the physical and mental characteristics of primary and secondary school students, and activities should not be carried out for the sake of activities.
5. Optimize the environment.
School environment includes material environment and psychological environment. The physical environment mainly includes: space-time environment, facility environment and natural environment. Psychological environment includes interpersonal environment, information environment, organizational environment, emotional environment and public opinion environment. Schools should create an environment conducive to the healthy development of students' mental health from both hard and soft environments, especially paying attention to the optimization of psychological environment.
6. Conduct psychological counseling.
Strengthen the standardized construction of psychological counseling institutions in schools. Psychological counseling should follow the following principles: understanding and support, keeping secrets, listening carefully, guiding education, non-guidance, feeling success, systematic viewpoint, prevention first and so on. The provision of psychological counselors is very important, which generally requires noble professional ethics, comprehensive knowledge and skills and excellent psychological quality.
Reflection lecture:
Using the teaching methods of "dialogue" and "questioning", we try our best to knock on the classroom atmosphere, guide and inspire students to think positively, and cause laughter with them. Focusing on the special psychological characteristics and problems of migrant workers' children's schools, the lecture tries to discuss the best education scheme with the students, try to be close to the actual situation of front-line education, and put forward practical education and teaching methods to provide concrete guidance for the students' future work. Throughout the lecture, the students were very attentive, and from time to time they raised some topics of concern to discuss with other teachers and lecturers. The classroom atmosphere is lively, and the discussion closely revolves around three core issues of mental health education: "Why, what to do and how to do it". The lecture started with an analysis from a young age and explained in simple terms, which played a certain role in helping students to establish their awareness of mental health education and cultivate their psychological health education counseling ability. The students generally responded well and benefited a lot. Of course, there are some problems. For example, because of the lack of understanding of educational practice and the working environment of student education, there is a lack of profound analysis of typical cases; There is a lack of communication between students and between students and speakers. In a word, this lecture tries to basically realize the teaching goal of "opening a window and opening a door", stimulate students' work enthusiasm and enhance their professional identity, which has a certain promoting effect.