calcium (Ca)
Calcium is the foundation of human life and the most abundant mineral in human body.
It ranks fifth in human body composition, and after oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, it constitutes 1.5% to 2% of human body weight.
Adults have about 1~ 1.2kg of calcium;
99% of human calcium is stored in human bones and teeth, and 1% exists in soft tissues and blood.
Physiological function of calcium and symptoms of calcium deficiency;
1. Important components of human bones and teeth-spinal deformation, spinal curvature, delayed teeth, dental caries, X-leg, O-leg, chicken breast, tooth looseness, osteoporosis, fracture and rickets in middle-aged and elderly people (the three main complications of osteoporosis are: spinal compression fracture; Forearm fracture and leg fracture)
2. Increase the toughness and elasticity of soft tissues-skin, muscles, muscle bonds, sarcolemma, sclera, lens (myopia and presbyopia), vascular intima and brain tissue.
3. Reduce the nerve excitability of cells-migraine, irritability, dreaminess, night crying, night terrors, ADHD in children.
4. Strengthen the conduction function of the nervous system-calcium is a baton. If you have it, you will be quick and sensitive. If you lack it, you will be stupid. If you are dull, you will be stupid.
5. The content of calcium in the brain affects the lifelong functions of the brain-memory, analysis, judgment, synthesis, cognition and learning-calcium supplementation for unmarried women is related to the growth of the next generation.
6. Participate in the blood coagulation process-insufficient bleeding (excessive menstrual flow, blood collapse); Hypercoagulable state (thrombosis, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, high blood viscosity)
7. Enhance muscle contraction-backache, visceral prolapse, myocardial weakness, vasoconstriction weakness, hand and foot cramps.
8. Reduce and regulate the permeability of cell membranes and capillaries-too high is allergic and allergic diseases (asthma, urticaria, eczema, glomerulonephritis, edema).
9. Participate in the secretion of gland cells and activate the activity of enzymes-beneficial to the normal metabolism of protein, fat, salivary gland, lacrimal gland, sebaceous gland, ovary, thyroid gland and insulin (diabetes).
10. Adjust the human pH (7.35-7.45)-Acidity leads to cancer, tumor, decreased immunity, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
1 1. The development of baby's teeth mainly depends on the nutrition of the fetus and the first year after birth, among which the most important thing is the acquisition of calcium and phosphorus. Primary teeth begin to grow at 6-8 months after birth and begin to change teeth at 6-8 years old; When my mother was 3 months old, the deciduous teeth began to calcify, and 20 deciduous teeth were basically formed before birth. Before leaving my mother, the first pair of permanent teeth had calcified. Therefore, mothers should start to supplement calcium from the time of pregnancy. Pregnant women need1500 ~ 2000mg/day of calcium.
magnesium
* The main cations in human cells are concentrated in mitochondria, second only to potassium and phosphorus; Extracellular fluid ranks third after sodium and calcium.
* The total magnesium content of normal adults is about 25g, of which bones and teeth account for 60%~65% and soft tissues account for 27%. Mg is mainly distributed in cells, and the extracellular fluid does not exceed 1%.
Physiological function:
1, activators of various enzymes (Na-K-ATPase, adenylate cyclase) (activators of more than 300 human enzymes),
2. Inhibition of sodium and calcium channels;
3, affecting bone absorption and maintaining bone growth;
4. Magnesium and calcium maintain the normal excitability of neuromuscular;
5. Promote gallbladder emptying, benefit gallbladder, neutralize gastric acid and drain;
6, affect the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), hyperthyroidism causes magnesium deficiency.
zinc (Zn)
-Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in human body, mainly concentrated in liver, muscle and skin.
Physiological function of zinc;
1. Participate in the synthesis of various enzymes (more than 200 kinds).
2. Promote growth and tissue regeneration:
It regulates the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid and affects cell growth, division and differentiation.
Zinc can directly participate in the regulation of gene expression, thus affecting growth and development.
Promote the normal development of sexual organs and functions.
Participate in the synthesis and repair of DNA, RNA and tissue protein.
Participate in tissue regeneration and epithelial growth, increase collagen synthesis and maintain skin health; Promote wound healing and participate in the repair of skin, hair, nails, mouth, mucosa and other parts.
Slow growth of bones (causing growth retardation), puberty sexual retardation; The fetus is backward in growth and development, with multiple malformations.
Dark hair and rough skin are easy to be infected, and some girls have more acne and acne on their faces, which is also related to zinc deficiency.
3. Basic elements of body tissues and body fluids
4. Maintain the structure and function of biofilm:
Zinc can maintain cell membrane stability and reduce toxin absorption and tissue damage.
Zinc also plays an important role in the barrier function, transport function and receptor binding of biofilm.
5. Stimulate appetite and taste.
Zinc participates in the formation of protein taste substances related to taste, and the taste is reduced or abnormal, such as pica.
Loss of appetite (anorexia)
6. Elements necessary for pancreas to make insulin
7. Ensure the integrity of the immune system-the immune system is damaged.
8. Promote the metabolism and physiological function of vitamin A; Maintain the normal level of blood vitamin A; β+zinc → vanadium
Dim eyes, decreased vision, dim or falling hair, night blindness, anemia, etc.
copper
Copper has the functions of oxidation and reduction. In the process of blood transfusion, copper will form complex blue cytoplasm in the body, which is an antioxidant in the blood.
One of the main ingredients for making cells and tissues.
Elements that make up skin pigmentation.
Copper-containing enzymes have antioxidant capacity, which can alleviate and prevent inflammation.
Promote the utilization of iron.
Maintain the development of connective tissue, nerves and bones.
Promote the normal operation of immune system, coagulation system and cardiovascular system.
When the copper content in the body decreases, it will affect the absorption of iron, lead to the obstacle of iron utilization, and finally lead to iron deficiency anemia.
Copper is also closely related to the elasticity and moisture of human skin. When copper is deficient, it will lead to dry and rough skin, pale face and even affect the reproductive function in the future. Neutrophilia, growth retardation.
The mental system is abnormal and the mood is easily excited.
Immune disorder, decreased pigmentation.
Incomplete connective tissue
manganese
1. is a component of many enzymes, so it participates in some metabolic reactions.
2. Promote the action of insulin.
3. The mechanism of maintaining normal coagulation.
4. Maintain the development of bones and connective tissues.
5. Promote the normal operation of the central nervous system.
-when manganese is deficient, it will lead to bone defects, reproductive disorders, central nervous system disorders, abnormal fat metabolism, late growth and so on.