Text discussion
First, the overall grasp
The historical event of the "Hongmen Banquet" took place in 206 BC (the fourth year after the Chen She Uprising) in Xiangwangying, near Xingfeng, Lintong City, Shaanxi Province, and was called "Hongmen" at that time. This is the first soul-stirring struggle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu for the fruits of the victory of the peasant uprising army after the overthrow of the Qin Dynasty. At that time, Liu was too weak to be strong. In the case of disparity in strength between the two sides, Liu Bang ventured to Xiang Ying to cheat Xiang Yu's trust. After all kinds of difficult and tortuous struggles, he finally escaped from danger and fled back to the camp. This paper describes Liu Bang's process from passive to active, from unfavorable to favorable, and from crisis to safety. The story is complete, ups and downs, vivid characters, accurate language and vivid words.
This paper can be divided into three parts according to the development process of the plot.
The first part (paragraph 1 ~ 2) explains the origin of the hongmen banquet.
Firstly, this paper expounds the status, strength comparison, causes of the incident and behind-the-scenes activities of Liu and Xiang armies. I mainly wrote five things: first, Cao's informer, which was the "fuse" of contradiction. Second, Fan Zeng analyzed Liu Bang's situation before and after, saying that he had the ambition of "wanting to be the king of Guanzhong". At that time, he said that Liu Bang was the "son of heaven" and advised Xiang Yu not to lose, which further intensified the contradiction. Third, Xiang Bo visited Sean at night, and the tense situation began to improve. Fourthly, Sean discussed with Liu Bang the countermeasures to win over Xiang Bo. Liu Bangxian "celebrated his birthday with wine, which is related to marriage", and then defended his behavior with some lies. Xiang Bo was stopped in order to intercede for Liu Bang and Zhang Ben, who "covered themselves many times" when Xiang Zhuang was dancing sword. Fifth, Xiang Bo persuaded Xiang Yu not to attack Liu Bang.
The second part (3 ~ 4 paragraphs) is about the struggle at the Hongmen Banquet.
This part is the focus of the text and the climax of the plot. Calling a banquet is really an unpredictable mental contest. The plot on the banquet can be summarized as "three ups and downs".
Three situations: peaceful at first. Liu Bang belittled the word "apology", and Xiang Yu told the informer, showing that he was completely angry and had a reconciliation intention, and hosted a banquet for Liu Bang. But Fan Zeng deliberately killed Liu Bang, so the atmosphere suddenly became tense. "The king of Fan Zeng counted to three, and Yu Jue was given as a sign", suggesting that Xiang Yu was determined to get rid of Liu Bang. This is together; Fan Zeng saw Xiang Yu's "silence" and was afraid of losing the opportunity. He asked Xiang Zhuang to take the opportunity to assassinate Liu Bang on the grounds of sword dancing. The banquet was full of traps and the situation was extremely serious. This is the second time; Fan Kuai rushed into the account with a sword and shield, glared at Xiang Yu and scolded him. The plot reached its climax and the tension reached its extreme. These are three cases.
Three strikes: One strike is Xiang Yu's violation of Fan Kuai's account. Instead of being angry, he was called a "strongman"; Second, Xiang Yu invited Fan Kuai to drink, gave birth to a shoulder, and was given up after being reprimanded by Fan Kuai; The three strikes were that Liu Bang fled back to his camp in the name of "going to the toilet", and Xiang Yu did not pursue it.
In this part, * * * wrote four things: Liu Bang apologizes, Fan Zeng raises the monarch, Xiang Zhuang dances the sword, and Fan Kuai trespasses. What are these things? B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> From sinking? Put it down. Hey? The address is Shen Si's? Pat the ship's side? Rice? χ halo; ? c？ What's your last name, Pang Xiezhong? ? Mu? Pull? Shake south? /P & gt；
The third part (paragraphs 5-7) describes the aftermath of the banquet.
Three things are written in this part: Liu Bang escaped, Sean thanked him, and Liu Bang killed the mole. This is the end of the activity.
The plot of this article is based on whether Xiang Yu attacked and whether Liu Bang escaped safely. The story is corresponding from beginning to end. Since the informer and Xiang Yu decided to attack, Xiang Yu was rewarded and Cao was finally punished. Although it is an excerpt from Biography of Xiang Yu, its structure is very rigorous and it is a touching and complete story.
Second, the problem exploration
1. What are the writing characteristics of this article?
(1) The author is good at putting characters in sharp contradictions and conflicts and expressing their spiritual world and personality through personalized language and actions. For example, in the depiction of Fan Kuai, he broke into the accounts of ministers at a critical moment, regardless of the guards, showing great courage. However, all kinds of behaviors after entering the account are reasonably restrained. To attract the attention of Xiang Yu, "put on the curtain and stand to the west to visually observe Wang Xiang"; Xiang Yu offered wine, thanked him first, then stood and drank, then even ate and drank. He took the opportunity to ridicule Xiang Yu. B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> Stop at hemorrhoids? ⒆┒⒆?? Hey? Hey? B style='color: white; Background color: # 004699'> Xiang Yu's proud temper. In the extremely tense contradictions and conflicts, Fan Kuai's brave, generous and refined character was shaped.
(2) Be good at using contrast to make the personality characteristics of the characters more distinct and prominent. For example, Xiang Yu is brave and arrogant under the advantage and has no foresight; Liu bang is able to bear the burden of humiliation and is good at saving himself in the disadvantage. Xiang Yu is headstrong, careless and careless, and has poor ability to cope with emergencies; Liu bang is good at adopting opinions, has a lot of brains and can improvise. Xiang Yu's cronyism prevented the counselor from carrying out his plan and the soldiers from helping him; Liu bang knows that people are good at their duties, counselors can calmly make suggestions, and soldiers can be ordered in times of crisis. Xiang Yu raised a traitor to make an insurrection, and also cut off the enemy camp; But Liu Bang can get people from the enemy camp to help him. This contrast and contrast make the characters more vivid and reveal the inevitable trend of the failure of harmony.
(3) The language is concise and vivid, and a few words can highlight the personality of the characters. The biggest feature of the language of the Hongmen Banquet is that it is good at conveying the spirit and personality of the characters with distinctive spoken language that conforms to their identities. For example, although Xiang Yu only said a few words in this article, we can see his personality characteristics, such as conceit, recklessness and credulity. Liu Bang's words showed his flexible and cunning character. Fan Zeng is wily and eager for success; Sean is resourceful, soft outside and just inside; Fan Kuai is brave and generous, crude and refined. These characters have distinct personalities because of the personalized description of their language. In addition, some words in the text, such as "autumn never dares to approach", have become today's idiom "autumn never commits"; There are also idioms such as "Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is intended to pay tribute to the public", "Artificial sword, I am a fish" and "Hard work", which have been passed down to this day and are commonly used by people.
2. What are the personality characteristics of the main characters in this article?
Xiang Yu's character is politically ignorant, arrogant and underestimating the enemy, headstrong, not good at employing people, and straightforward. When he heard Cao's tip-off and Fan Zeng's persuasion, he flew into a rage and was determined to destroy Liu Bang. However, after hearing what Xiang Bo said, "Today's people have made great contributions, but they are unjust", he changed his mind and promised Xiang Bo to be lenient. Liu Bang went to the Hongmen and told a lie, so he was elated. He not only forgave Liu Bang, invited him to drink, but also revealed his information source to show that he had no prejudice against Liu Bang. At the banquet, Fan Zeng repeatedly signaled to kill Liu, but he ignored it; Xiang Zhuang danced sword and Xiang Bo escorted Liu Bang, but he also turned a blind eye. When he got to Fan Kuai, he ran into the account, glared at him and scolded him. Instead of being angry, he called him a strong man, gave him wine, gave him a shoulder and offered him his seat. In fact, what Fan Kuai said is more important than what Liu Bang said earlier? B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> Is it on the argon hook? What's wrong with this knife? Choose six "mistletoe and barium" to knock Pierre? Hammer mixer? What happened? Mosaic mold? About cooking? Heartbroken? School? What's the matter with you? Hey? Organization? Hey? What happened to the disaster? What happened to the disaster? Squeeze thallium seeds? Hi? What happened to this from α n? Hume is attached to the south, saying that eight people are happy? How about chicory in spring? Is the man willing to curse? /P & gt；
Liu bang's character is good at employing people, eloquent and adaptable. After he entered the customs, he "sealed the treasury by officials and people", "sent generals to guard the customs" and "wanted to be the king of Guanzhong". When he heard that Xiang Yu was going to break him, he exclaimed, "Why not?" He humbly asked Sean for advice and blamed his mistakes on others. Then he humbly courted Xiang Bo, made a toast, "engaged" and asked Xiang Bo to work for him. After arriving in Hong Men, he seized Xiang Yu's psychology and coaxed Xiang Yu with sweet words, saying that he and Xiang Yu were "attacking Qin with all their might"; He also said that he "can break the Qin Dynasty before entering the customs without knowing it" to show that his strength is not as good as Xiang Yu's, so as to satisfy Xiang Yu's "arrogance" mentality; Then he turned Xiang Yu's attempt to "smash" his words into "the words of a villain." He not only gave in and apologized, but also denied Wang Guanzhong's ambition, thus winning the favor of Xiang Yu, so he escaped being killed at the dangerous Hongmen banquet and took the opportunity to escape.
Sean and Fan Zeng are shrewd counselors, but their personalities are also different. Sean knew Liu Bang's voice and put forward his opinions, which can analyze the interests and inspire Liu Bang to wake up and adopt it. Fan Zeng was impatient and irritable, so he couldn't give any advice on Xiang Yu's psychological state, so even if he had the correct opinion, it was difficult to achieve it. Once the plan fails, it will not only help, but also violate Xiang Yu's taboo. Fan Kuai is rough and witty, and his speech at the banquet seems euphemistic, but in fact, he hides his eyes and ears and is eloquent. On the surface, he expressed his attitude and severely criticized Xiang Yu, but secretly raised Xiang Yu to the supreme position and catered to Xiang Yu's arrogance, so he was appreciated by Xiang Yu, thus easing the tense atmosphere. Xiang Bo and Xiang Zhuang, for example, are the ministries of Xiang Yu. A selfish person leaked secrets and protected Liu Bang, thinking that he was fulfilling Xiang Yu's reputation as a measure; When performing a task, a person gives up the struggle when he is disturbed, without realizing the seriousness of the problem.
About practice
Read the text first, tell the story of the hongmen banquet, and draw up a subtitle for each plot.
Intention: The purpose of this question is to let students grasp the content of the text as a whole and learn to summarize the content in refined language.
Reference answer:
It can be told in the order of the beginning, development, climax and ending of the story. The subtitles of each plot can let students play freely, and there is no need to be the same. The following subheadings can be used for reference: Serve the country unharmed, Fan Zeng said feather, Xiang Bo visited at night, Sean offered a plan, stayed for drinking, Fan Zengju, Xiang Zhuang danced sword, Fan Kuai broke the account, Pei Gong fled, apologized, accepted the prize, Ya Fu broke the bucket, and Pei Gong eliminated the traitor.
Second, try to make a brief analysis of the personality characteristics of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and talk about why Liu Bang survived the "Hongmen Banquet".
Intention: This question is intended to guide students to learn and analyze the characters in the works.
Reference answer:
Liu bang's character is good at employing people, eloquent and adaptable. Xiang Yu's character is politically ignorant, arrogant, underestimating the enemy, not good at employing people, but straightforward. Liu Bang's survival in the "Hongmen Banquet" is inseparable from his good use of Xiang Yu's personality weakness.
Third, translate the following sentences into modern Chinese, and pay attention to the meaning and usage of the added words.
1. Pei Simon takes the lead.
2. The number of kings in Fan Zeng
Pei Gong went to be a soldier.
4. Always cover Pei Gong with your wings.
Pei Gong was in an emergency today and died unjustly.
6. Continuation of the Qin Dynasty
7. Xiang Bo kills, I live.
8. Wang Zhi was the first person to break the Qin Dynasty.
Intention: The purpose of this topic is to let students accumulate the notional words commonly used in classical Chinese and understand the flexible use of notional words in classical Chinese.
Reference answer:
1. Army: Army. As a verb, nouns are flexibly used as "garrison".
2. goal: eyes. Nouns are used flexibly as verbs, such as "with eyes".
3. Gap: Gap. Noun work? B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> From Zheng? Dream? Me? > feed thin? /FONT & gt；
4. Wings: the wings of birds. Noun work? B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> From Zheng? Dream? Thin? /FONT & gt；
5. Urgent: critical. Adjectives are used flexibly as nouns as "urgent matters".
6. Continuation: Continuation. Verbs as nouns are flexibly used as "successors".
7. alive: alive. Make use of "keep ... alive".
8. King: King. The causative usage is "Let" ... be king.
Many readers think that Xiang Yu lost the world because he didn't kill Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet. Do you agree with this view? Write a review and talk about your opinion.
Intention: Guide students to think independently and express their opinions.
Reference answer:
(omitted).
Teaching suggestion
First, this article is long. In teaching, we can briefly introduce the background of this story in combination with the main content of Biography of Xiang Yu, so that students can have a general understanding of the ins and outs of this incident. Reading The Hongmen Banquet is not only reading historical classics, but also reading literary works. Chinese teaching should focus on reading literature and history at the same time, and the two complement each other. However, if it is not handled properly, such as analyzing the content and ignoring the background, or there are so many backgrounds that students' attention is not paid to the language, there will be contradictions between the two.
Second, we can design some problems when introducing new courses. When did the story of The Hongmen Banquet take place? Under what circumstances did it happen? What role did it play in the whole Chu-Han struggle? What does the excerpt of the text start with and end with? Which paragraphs do you find most attractive? Which paragraphs are the most difficult to understand? Only by reading the text and notes carefully and thinking independently can students answer these questions. On this basis, teachers make some supplements to help students get a clear historical concept and guide students to pay attention to teaching priorities.
Thirdly, as far as character image analysis is concerned, the focus should be on the image of Xiang Yu. But in terms of the number of words, people who directly write Xiang Yu are far less than Liu Bang and even less than Xiang Bo. It is necessary to help students understand the writing of this article. In the text analysis, the rest of the characters are all spoken in a few words, and these brief explanations should all be related to shaping the image of Xiang Yu.
Fourth, the whole teaching process must emphasize reading the text, especially reading aloud. All analysis should be based on the language of the text and should not be carried out without the text.
related data
I Sima Qian and Historical Records
Sima Qian (BC 145-90) was a famous historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Zichang was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi). His father, Sima Tan, is an official who is responsible for drafting documents and managing national classics, astronomy and calendars. Born in Longmen, he recited ancient Chinese prose at the age of ten and was able to see a large number of books and documents collected by the royal family. In the first year of Taichu (pre-104), we carried out calendar reform with Tang Dou and Luoxiahong, and made the taichu calendar Law. When Historical Records was still in its infancy, Li Ling, who surrendered to the Huns, was put in prison for corruption. After he was released from prison, he was appointed as a secretary (in charge of confidential documents of the royal family), wrote books with indignation, and completed the Historical Records around 9 1 BC.
Historical Records is the first biographical general history of China, which records the history of 3,000 years from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Collection of books 130 volumes, including biography 12 volumes, 30 aristocratic families, 70 biographies, 8 books, chronicle 10 volumes, with 526,500 words. This chronicle records emperors, aristocratic families and princes, biographies and ministers, secretarial ceremonies, music, temperament, calendars, astronomy, meditation, water conservancy and financial use. Liu Xiang and others all think that this book is "good in order and reason, argumentative but not flashy, qualitative but not vulgar". Lu Xun was even rated as "the swan song of historians, the blank poem Li Sao", which has high literary value.
Second, the background materials
In 206 BC, 10, Liu Bang entered the customs, surrendered to Zi Ying, king of Qin, and returned to the army. In February of 65438, Xiang Yu broke the customs, Liu and Xiang met in Hong Men, and the struggle between the two sides began. Soon, Xiang Yu held a meeting in the drama (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province) as the leader of the league, and named 18 as the vassal king. Self-styled overlord of the West Chu, Du Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province), Liu Bang as Hanwang, Du Nanzheng (now the southern border of Shaanxi Province).
After Liu Bang arrived in Nanzheng, he was actively preparing for a counterattack. First, he seized the land of the Three Qin Dynasties in Guanzhong as a base area, and then sent troops to the east to levy Xiang Yu, who was defeated by Xiang Yu many times. By the autumn of 203 BC, with the help of Han Xin, it was enough to compete with Xiang Yu; Xiang Yu and Liu Bang agreed: "Divide the world into two parts, with Han in the west and Chu in the east." After the contract, Xiang Yu returned to the East, and Liu Bang also prepared to return to the West. At this time, Sean and Chen Ping advised Liu Bang to take this opportunity to eliminate Xiang Yu. Later, with the help of Han Xin and Peng Yue, Xiang Yu was surrounded by Gaixia (now south of Anhui Lingbi). Xiang Yu broke through and committed suicide in Wujiang (now northeast Anhui County).
Attached:
Memorabilia of Qin and Han dynasties
(The year in the table is 10. )
Chen She Uprising in July 2009. In September, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang revolted.
Chen She died in February 65438+2008. Chu Huaiwang was made Lord of * * * in June. In September, Chu Huaiwang sent Xiang Yu to the north to save Zhao and Liu Bangxi to attack Qin.
In 65438+October 2007, Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, defeated Handan. 1 1 year, Xiang Yu crossing the river, 65438+2 years, Qin Jun breaking. In July, Zhang Han surrendered to Xiang Yu. In August, Qin Ershi was killed by Zhao Gao. In September, Zi Ying became the king of Qin.
206 years ago, Zi Ying surrendered to Liu Bang in 65438+ 10. 65438+ February Liu Xianghui Hong Men. After the April meeting, Liu Bang moved to Nanzheng.
In the first month of 2005, Liu Banghe and the vassal soldiers cut their feathers to Pengcheng, and the feathers broke the Han soldiers with 30,000 soldiers and 50,000 to 60,000. In May, Liu Bang fled to Xingyang.
In April 2004, Xiang Yu surrounded Liu Bang in Xingyang. In July, Liu Bang fled Xingyang.
In September 2003, Liu and Xiang made peace and divided the gap into Chu in the east and Han in the west.
In the first 202 years, Sean and Chen Pingji pursued Xiang Yu in 65438+ 10 and 165438+ 10 respectively, and both were defeated. 65438+ February, Han Xin and Peng Yue came to help, and Xiang Yu was defeated.
Three. additional remarks
1. Fan Zeng (277- 204 BC) was Xiang Yu's counselor. Live in (now the south of Tongcheng, Anhui Province). In the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Liang was suggested to make Chu Huaiwang a descendant of the royal family of Chu. Surround the stag, send Xiang Yu to save Zhao and regard him as the last general. Later, he belonged to Xiang Yu. As his main counselor, he was honored as his father. He repeatedly advised Xiang Yu to kill Liu Bang, but Xiang Yu just wouldn't listen. Later, in Xiang Yu's place, Liu Bang fought back and stripped him of his power. He left angrily and died on the road.
2.zhang liang (? -Former 186) Minister in the early Han Dynasty. Word ovary. It was passed down as the father of the city (now southeast of Bo County, Anhui Province). Father and father were Han Zhaohou, Xuan Huiwang and other five generations. After Qin destroyed Korea, he tried to restore South Korea, make friends with assassins and attack the king of Qin in Bolangsha (now southeast of Yuanyang, Henan). Legend has it that when he fled to Xiapi (now Suining North, Jiangsu Province), he met Huang Shigong and got the art of war. In the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, people gathered for Liu Bang, and soon lobbied the noble Liang to become korean king and serve as Stuart in Korea. After the Han Dynasty, the king of Chu was killed by Xiang Yu and returned to Liu Bang as his important counselor. During the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang put forward some strategies, such as not establishing descendants of six countries, uniting with Yingbu, uniting with Peng Yue, and reusing Han Xin. He advocated killing Xiang Yu and destroying Chu troops, which were all adopted by Liu Bang. Houhou was founded in the Han Dynasty.
Four. translate
The garrison commander Pei Gong has not seen Xiang Yu. Pei Gong's Sakima Cao Wushang sent someone to see Xiang Yu: "Pei Gong intends to be the king of Guanzhong, appointed Zi Ying as the national phase, and has occupied all the treasures of Qin." Xiang Yu was furious: "Reward the soldiers tomorrow and defeat Pei Gong's army for me!" At this time, Xiang Yu's army has 400,000 people, stationed in Xinfeng Hong Men; Pei Gong's army, with 100,000 men, was stationed on the dam. Fan Zeng advised Xiang Yu: "When Pei Gong was in Shandong, he was greedy for money and liked beautiful women. Now I'm in the customs, I don't take any property, and I'm not obsessed with women. It seems that his ambition is not small. I (once) sent people to observe his' clouds', all of which are dragon and tiger-shaped and colorful, but this is the cloud of the son of heaven. Attack him quickly and don't miss the opportunity. "
Xiang Bo, Zuo Yin of Chu Jun, is Xiang Yu's uncle and has always been closely related to Sean of Liu Hou. Sean followed Pei Gong at this moment, so Xiang Bo rode to Pei Gong's barracks overnight, met Sean privately, told him everything about Xiang Yu's attack, and asked Sean to go with him, saying, "Don't die with them." Sean said, "I sent Pei Gong (here) to see korean king. Pei Gong is badly needed now. I ran away from him and lost my faith. I can't help telling him. " Then Sean went into Zhang Zhongjun and told Pei Gong all the information. Pei Gong was surprised and said, "What should I do?" Sean said, "Who gave the king the strategy of closing the door?" Pei Gong said: "A shallow villain advised me to say,' Hold the Hangu Pass and keep the vassal's army out, and you can occupy the whole territory of Qin and be king', so I listened to him." Sean said: "It is estimated that the king's army can compete with Wang Xiang?" Pei Gong was silent for a while and said, "I can't compare with him. What would I do? " Sean said, "Let me tell Xiang Bo that you dare not go against Xiang Wang." Pei Gongping: "How do you have friendship with Xiang Bo?" Sean said, "He came into contact with me in the Qin Dynasty. He killed someone and I saved him. " It's urgent now, but fortunately he came to tell me. "Pei Gong said," Who are you older than him? " Sean said, "He is older than me. Liu Bang said, "Please invite him in for me. I will treat him as a brother." Sean went out to invite Xiang Bo, and Xiang Bo came in to see Pei Gong. "。 Pei Gong toasted Xiang Bo's health and made an agreement with him to marry his children's in-laws, saying, "After entering the customs, I dare not keep my property for myself. I will register the officials and people, seal up the official library, and wait for General Xiang to come. The reason why troops were sent to guard Hangu Pass was to prevent other thieves from coming in and having an accident. I look forward to General Xiang's arrival day and night, how dare I rebel! I hope you will explain it in detail (to General Xiang), and I will not be ungrateful. " Xiang Bo promised to come down and said to Pei Gong, "You must apologize to Wang Xiang early tomorrow." Pei Gong said, "Good." So Xiang Bo left overnight and returned to his barracks. He told Wang Xiang what Pei Gong said, and took the opportunity to say, "Pei Gong won't break through Guanzhong first, so how can you enter the customs? Since he has made great contributions, it is immoral to attack him. It is better to treat him well when he comes to visit. " King Xiang agreed.
The next day, Pei Gong took 100 people to visit Wang Xiang. When I arrived at Hongmen, I apologized and said, "I joined hands with the general to attack Qin. The general moved to the north of the Yellow River, and I moved to the south of the Yellow River, but I didn't expect to break through Qin first and see you here again. Now there is a gap between you and me because of the slanderers of villains ... "Wang Xiang said," This is what your Sa Ji Ma Cao Wushang said. How else could I be like this? " That day, Wang Xiang left Pei Gong to drink with him. Xiang Yu and Xiang Bo sit facing east; Father sits facing south-father is Fan Zeng; Pei Gong sits facing north; Sean sat facing west. Fan Zeng winked at Wang Xiang many times, and raised his jade Jue three times in a row to kill Pei Gong, but didn't? B style='color: black; Background color: # ffff66'> From α 7 to Jesus? Are you lucky? Worried? Hey? What grade is the thumb? Hey? ィ? Case closed > tired? 9? Tired? What happened? Hey? Hey? Xichun? Hey? 2 xianghui vinegar? Is it personal? Do you want to cook thistle? Bo Bizhen? Teasing the wall? プ > Are you tired? 9? Tired? Worried? Drunk? Hey? What is the value model? The dream is spinning all the umbrellas! Don't put it off until tomorrow! Bi Wei? What happened? Hey? What do you mean? What about friends who have suffered from drought in Mi Yue? Lemon frame? /P & gt；
So Sean rushed to the gate of the barracks to meet Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai said, "How was today?" Sean said: "This is crucial! At this time, Xiangzhuang danced with swords and always wanted to make an idea on Pei Gong. " Fan Kuai said, "This matter is urgent! I have to go in and die with Pei Gong. " He entered the gate of the barracks with a sword and shield. The guards who passed the halberd tried to stop him from entering. Fan Kuai hit the shield sideways, and the guards fell to the ground. Fan Kuai finally entered the chancellorsville, lifted the curtain, faced the West Railway Station, and stared at Wang Xiang, his hair stood on end and his eyes were cracked. King Xiang straightened up with the hilt in his hand and asked, "What does a sword bearer do?" Sean said, "It's Pei Gong's security guard Fan Kuai." King Xiang said, "Warriors! Give him a glass of wine. " So (someone) gave him a large glass of wine. Fan Kuai bowed down and thanked him, got up and stood up, and gulped it down. King Xiang said, "Give him a pig leg." So (someone) gave him a pig leg. Fan Kuai buckled the shield on the ground (the first one), put it on it (the second one), drew his sword and cut it. King Xiang said, "Warriors! Can you drink again? " Fan Kuai said, "I'm not afraid of death. There is no need to refuse a glass of wine. The king of Qin has the heart of a tiger and a wolf. He is afraid that he can't kill everyone, and he won't need all the torture when he is tortured. People all over the world rose up against him. Chu Huaiwang once agreed with generals from all walks of life:' whoever breaks the state of Qin first and enters Xianyang will be named the king of Guanzhong.' Now Pei Gong is the first to break through the State of Qin and enter Xianyang. He didn't dare to move a bit, (and) closed the palace, (and) returned to the overlord with his army, waiting for the arrival of the king. Therefore, ordinary officers are sent to prevent other thieves and accidents. (Pei Gong) worked so hard and contributed so much. Instead of giving him a reward, (you) listened to the slanderers of the villains and tried to kill those who made meritorious deeds. This is just a continuation of the old road of Qin's demise. I don't think the king should do this! King Xiang was silent for a moment and said, "Please sit down." Fan Kuai sat down next to Sean. After sitting for a while, Pei Gong went to the toilet and took the opportunity to call Fan Kuai out.
After Pei Gong went to war, Wang Xiang sent a surname Chen Ping to recall Pei Gong. Pei Gongzheng: "I'm out now, but I haven't left yet. What should I do? " Fan Kuai said: "You don't have to stick to details when you do great things, and you don't have to worry about small humility when you give big gifts. Now people are knives and chopping boards, and we are fish and meat. Why should we leave? " So (Liu Bang) decided to flee quickly and told Zhang Liang to stay and decline politely. Sean asked, "What did the king bring when he came?" Pei Gong said: "I brought a pair of white jade, which I intend to give to Wang Xiang;" A pair of jade cups for my father. They were too angry to provide it. Give it to them for me. " Sean said, "I must obey." At this time, Xiang Yu's troops were stationed under Hong Men, and Pei Gong's troops were stationed above the tyrant, four miles apart. Pei Gong left his horses and chariots and his entourage and rode alone. Fan Kuai, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, armed with knives and shields, hurried to the foot of Li Mountain and fled by the path. Pei Gong said to Sean before he left, "It's only twenty miles from this road to our barracks. It is estimated that I have returned to the military camp, so go in (politely decline). "
Pei Gong has left and returned to the barracks from the path. Sean went in to apologize and said, "Pei Gong was too drunk to leave in person. Specially sent me to hold a pair of white jade for my late king; A pair of jade cups, dedicated to General Fan. " King Xiang asked, "Where is Pei Gong?" Sean said: "I heard that you deliberately blamed him. You have left alone and (now) you have returned to the barracks." King Xiang put Bai Bi in his seat. Grandpa Ya took the jade cup, put it on the ground, drew his sword and smashed it, saying, "Alas! This boy is not worth plotting with him! It must be Pei Gong who will take away Wang Xiang's world in the future. All of us will soon be his prisoners! "
Pei Gong returned to the barracks and immediately put Cao Wushang to death.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Sima Qian's evaluation of Xiang Yu
I heard that Zhou Sheng said that "the eyes cover the heavy pupil", and I heard that Xiang Yu also covers the heavy pupil. Are feathers evil in the origin of seedlings? He Xingzhi is also violent! Chen She was the first to bear the brunt of his father's loss of government, and the list goes on and on. However, feathers have no size. In three years, the five princes were annihilated and the world was divided. But the government was crowned as "overlord" by feathering. Although it didn't end, it hasn't appeared since recently. It is difficult for northern Henan to take care of Chu, exile the righteous emperor to stand on his own feet, and blame the princes for betraying themselves. Self-conceited meritorious service, unlearned spell personal wisdom, known as the overlord's business, want to rule the world by force. Five years after his death, the country died, and he died in Dongcheng, but he still didn't feel guilty or blame himself. It is a fallacy to quote "killing me by heaven is not a crime of war"! (After Historical Records and Biography of Xiang Yu)
Sixth, Liu Bang's theory of success or failure
I am not as good as Ovary (that is, Sean) when my husband plans to win this battle thousands of miles away. I'm not as good as Xiao He, because I can help the country and the people, and I get paid. Even if it is a million-strong army, we must win the battle and attack it. I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are outstanding people, and I can use them, so I win the world. Xiang Yu had a Fan Zeng, so he escaped for me. (Biography of Historical Records and High-impedance)
Seven, "Gao Han Diary" records that Liu Bang fled the Hongmen Banquet.
After a while, Pei Gong went to the toilet and called Fan Kuai out. Car officer, riding alone, Fan Kuai, Jin Qiang, Teng Gong and Ji Xin followed and set out from the army. Shi Liu asked, "Is Pei Hongan there?" He said: "I heard that the general intends to supervise it, leave and go to the army, so the special envoy provided a treasure." Next to the feather. He also offered jade to beat Fan Zeng, which increased his anger and hit him. He said, "I belong to Pei Gong now!"
Eight, Su Shi on Fan Zeng.
Perilla said: If you increase it, you will get better. If you don't go, you will kill it, but you hate it. But what should we do? I tried to persuade Yu to kill Pei Gong, but Yu didn't listen and eventually lost the world. Where to go? Said: no, if you want to kill Pei Gong, you should divide people and ministers. If you don't kill your feathers, you are still a gentleman. What's the point of increasing income? ... increase it when Yu Yu kills the Qing Zi champion (that is, Yi Song).
Yi Di (that is, Chu Huaiwang) can't compare with the champion. If the feather kills the emperor, the emperor kills the feather, not waiting for the wise to know. At the beginning, Xiang Liang was advised to establish a righteous emperor, and all the governors followed it, but there was no intention of increasing it. If the husband is not alone, he will argue and not listen. Kill what it represents, and the suspicion of chicken feathers will naturally begin. The killed champion is equal to Yu and serves the righteous emperor. The difference between a monarch and a minister has not been decided ... it is impolite to rely on success. Although, the increase, the fear of Gaudi is also; If it cannot be increased, Xiang Yu will not die. Oh! The increase is also outstanding! (On Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng)
Nine, hongmen banquet (liu)
The Hongmen Banquet describes the first thrilling political struggle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu after overthrowing the Qin Dynasty in order to win the peasant uprising army. With skillful artistic skills, the author vividly depicts characters with different personalities and many fascinating and unforgettable scenes, with ups and downs and exciting plots. Therefore, the hongmen banquet has important historical and literary value.
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The Qin Dynasty, the first unified feudal centralized state in the history of China established by Qin Shihuang, suffered cruel economic exploitation and political oppression of farmers, which led to "the world suffers from Ku Jin" and changed people's minds. In July 209 BC, the first peasant uprising broke out in the history of China led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu. The flag was raised in one fell swoop, and the responders gathered, and the anti-Qin angry waves spread throughout the Central Plains. At the height of the peasant uprising, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu also rose up in Jiangdong (now Wu and Pei County, Jiangsu Province) in September of the same year and got involved in the torrent of peasant uprising. At that time, Liu Bang was 48 years old and Xiang Yu was 24 years old. Soon, Guangwu and Chen Sheng, the leaders of the peasant uprising, died one after another. Xiang Liang, the "general in the world", adopted Fan Zeng's suggestion of "after the restoration of Chu" and took the opportunity to make the grandson of old Chu Huaiwang "Chu Huaiwang" as the puppet leader of the anti-Qin forces. In September 208 BC, Chu Huaiwang called generals to form an anti-Qin alliance, ordered Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, the main forces, to divide their forces between the north and the south, and made a joint expedition to Qin Jun, agreeing that "the first one to be appointed in Guanzhong was Wang Zhi". In 10 BC, Liu Bang commanded the South Road Army to attack Xianyang before Xiang Yu entered the customs, but in order to be "bound by the vassal", he retreated to Bashang (now Bailuyuan, Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province). But he was afraid of losing Guanzhong, so he sent troops to guard the pass. "There are no princes inside." 165438+ 10 in June, Xiang Yu led the army to the western expedition and was furious when he heard the news. The army was stationed in Xinfeng Hong Men (now Xiangwangying, northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) and threatened to go to war with Liu Bang immediately.
Why are the two anti-Qin forces suddenly tense and fighting with each other? There are profound reasons for this. It turns out that Liu Hexiang