How to nurse tuberculosis patients?

If you have tuberculosis patients at home, don't panic at first. Their families can go to the tuberculosis diagnosis unit to check and rule out the possibility of getting sick. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis should take medicine regularly according to the doctor's advice. After two weeks of regular treatment, the infectivity decreased by 95%. At the same time, the following precautions should be taken at home: 1. Do a thorough disinfection. According to the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as cold resistance, dry heat resistance and hot and humid resistance, the tableware, towels, clothes, handkerchiefs, masks and other items used by patients were boiled for 10 ~ 15 minutes; For books, quilts, chemical fiber clothes and other items that cannot be boiled, they can be exposed to the sun for 4 ~ 6 hours, or disinfected with ultraviolet lamps for two hours. In addition, it can also be used to disinfect disinfectants such as Su Shui. The patient's room can be disinfected with ultraviolet light. 2. Open the window regularly for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh. According to statistics, ventilation every ten minutes, after 4 ~ 5 times, can blow away 99% of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the air. 3. Cultivate good hygiene habits, such as sharing food, using special toiletries, washing hands frequently, changing clothes frequently, and regular disinfection. The patient must spit out the sputum in the spittoon, disinfect it, and then pour it into the toilet to wash it away, so as to eliminate the infectivity of sputum. For children, the most effective protection measure is BCG vaccination. People who are not infected with tuberculosis can have specific immunity to tuberculosis after BCG vaccination, and the immunity lasts for 5 ~ 6 years. 6. In the first month of taking medicine, measures such as proper isolation, reasonable nutrition, attention to hygiene and less visits to public places should be taken to prevent children from contracting tuberculosis at home. ● The dietary principles of tuberculosis patients include: (1) providing sufficient protein and sufficient heat energy. (2) Fat intake should not be too high, meat and vegetables should be properly matched, not too greasy, so as not to affect digestion. (3) Diet should be rich in inorganic salts and vitamins. Conducive to calcification of lesions and rehabilitation of diseases. (4) If there is hemoptysis, iron intake should be increased. (5) Long-term low-grade fever, you can eat more milk, eggs, lean meat, fish, tofu and so on. To supplement protein's metabolic consumption. (6) supplement a large number of vitamins containing a, d, c and b to enhance the body's resistance. (7) Pay attention to the supply of dietary fiber and keep the stool unobstructed. Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and coarse grains. (8) For those with poor digestive function, the diet should be light, refreshing and diversified. Semi-liquid food with high protein and little oil can be used to improve the nutrition and appetite of patients. Or 1. Pay attention to the changes of body temperature, pulse, breathing, etc. If you have high fever and cough, you should pay attention to whether there is tuberculosis transmission. 2. Patients with hemoptysis should be closely observed for signs of suffocation, and once found, they should be rescued in time (see hemoptysis nursing). 3. Close observation of drug efficacy and adverse reactions. Symptomatic nursing 1, fever tuberculosis usually has a low fever in the afternoon, so we should strengthen rest. If you have high fever, you should follow the high fever care. 2. Night sweats and tuberculosis mostly occur at night, so you should wipe your body in time, change your underwear frequently and keep warm. 3. Pay attention to bed rest and reduce activities due to fatigue. 4. Cough is given corresponding antitussive drugs. 5. Appropriate explanation and psychological comfort should be given to female patients with menstrual disorder or amenorrhea. 6. Pay attention to disinfection and isolation (1). After eating, cook smin first, then scrub, and discard the remaining meals after cooking for 10min. (2) Disinfect utensils, urinals and sputum after use. (3) Put the sputum into a paper box or paper bag and burn it. (4) Wards, bedding and books can be disinfected by ultraviolet radiation or sunlight. General care L. Dietary care gives foods with high protein, high calorie and high vitamins. 2. According to the condition, stay in bed properly. 3. Take anti-tuberculosis drugs on time and according to the doctor's advice. Health guidance 1. Don't spit everywhere, wear a mask in public places, and cover your mouth and nose lightly when coughing or sneezing. 2. Try to share meals with your family in separate beds. 3. Regular follow-up is beneficial to adjust the treatment plan.