First of all, some diseases related to environmental pollution are on the rise. In recent years, the average life expectancy in China has increased from 35 years before 1949 to 74.83 years in 20 17, reaching the level of moderately developed countries. However, it is worth noting that the mortality or prevalence of some diseases related to environmental pollution is on the rise, such as the prevalence of birth defects. It is considered that the aging population, lifestyle, diagnostic level and monitoring level are difficult to explain the reasons for the rise of these diseases, and the health risks brought by the intensification of environmental pollution or its relative importance can not be ignored.
Secondly, there are health risks caused by environmental pollution in some areas. According to the investigation and study on the environmental exposure behavior pattern of China population from 20 1 1 to 20 17, China residents are exposed to the dual pressures of modern and traditional environmental health risks, while the traditional environmental health risks are still dominant at this stage. Due to historical reasons, there are 65,438+1 100 million residential buildings in China, and there are key polluting enterprises such as petrochemical, coking and thermal power generation within1km, and there are traffic trunk roads within 50 meters around1400 million residential buildings. 5.9 billion residents directly use solid fuel for cooking, 470 million residents directly use solid fuel for heating and 280 million residents use unsafe drinking water. The proportion of urban residents exposed to traditional and modern risks is 1: 1, and the proportion of rural residents exposed to traditional and modern risks is 8: 1. Traditional pollution exposure is mainly restricted by the degree of economic development, while modern pollution exposure is mainly related to regional planning and industrial layout.
Thirdly, due to historical reasons, some places have been polluted by a large number of toxic, harmful and non-degradable organic substances and heavy metals. Some of these historical debts are not paid for the time being. Some environmental and health incidents have resulted from this, among which heavy metal pollution, especially lead pollution, is the most prominent. Such pollution incidents generally have a clear causal relationship or specific health effect indicators. However, due to the lack of basic data and mechanism research, a large number of reports about the high incidence of health damage or birth defects caused by environmental pollution make it difficult to determine the causal relationship.