1. precautionary principle
Safety management should focus on prevention, that is, through effective management and technical means, to prevent unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of things, so as to minimize the probability of accidents. This is the principle of prevention.
The application of the precautionary principle must follow the following principles:
(1) Accidental loss principle. The consequences of the accident, as well as the size of the consequences, are random and unpredictable. Repeated similar accidents do not necessarily have the same consequences, which is the contingency of accident losses.
(2) Causality principle. Causality is the relationship between things, that is, one thing is the cause of another. Grasping the causal relationship of accidents and cutting off the chain of accident factors will eliminate the inevitability of accidents and prevent them before they happen. The inevitability of accidents includes regularity. Understanding the inevitability from the causality of accidents, discovering the regularity of accidents, changing unsafe state into safe state and eliminating accidents in the early cause stage are the principles of causality.
(3) 3E principle. The main reasons for people's unsafe behavior and unsafe state of things can be summarized into four aspects: technical reasons, educational reasons, physical and attitude reasons and management reasons. In view of these four reasons, three preventive countermeasures can be taken, namely, engineering technical countermeasures, educational countermeasures and legal countermeasures. These three countermeasures are the so-called 3E principles.
(4) Essential principle. The so-called intrinsically safe means that equipment, facilities or technological processes contain inherent functions that can fundamentally prevent accidents. Intrinsic safety is the fundamental embodiment of the prevention principle of safety management and the highest realm of safety management. In fact, it is still difficult to achieve at present, but we must adhere to this principle.
Practical application of the precautionary principle: (1) Analyze employees' unsafe psychology and improve employees' safety awareness. Unsafe behavior is the main cause of the accident; People's unsafe psychological state is one of the main causes of accidents: fluky psychology. Lucky psychology is the main psychological reason supporting illegal operation. People with this mentality are not ignorant of safety operation procedures and lack of safety knowledge, nor is it a matter of technical level. Most of them are "knowingly committing crimes." In their view, "violations may not necessarily lead to accidents, and accidents may not necessarily hurt people." In the field operation, we often encounter the situation of taking things nearby at will without using special tools. If you should apply for a work permit but don't do it, you don't have to do it if you feel troublesome. It is dangerous to work with this kind of psychological consciousness. Carelessness is one of the main psychological factors that cause violations and accidents. Inertia psychology. Many people always want to save things and steal laziness at work, and ignore safety for comfort. Turn a blind eye to the small defects and hidden dangers in the field operation, for fear of letting yourself deal with them. On-site inspection is purely a formality, which is the most common phenomenon around us. Courage and obedience. In order to show their abilities, some people are often hot-headed, violate objective laws, do not talk about scientific attitudes, and do some stupid and risky things. There are still some people who see others doing their homework in violation of regulations, or see others doing it, knowing that it is wrong, they have to do it themselves. For example, smoking in flammable materials area, incomplete wearing of labor protection articles, walking through the work area at will, etc. , is one of the main reasons for habitual violations. (2) Control employees' unsafe psychology and behavior. Timely predict and adjust employees' unsafe psychology and behavior, and strengthen employees' psychological induction from safety awareness and personal cultivation. Persistently carry out skills education, quality education, ideal education, post safety knowledge education and hazardous chemicals knowledge education; Education of post operation regulations, process technical regulations and safety technical regulations; Safety inspection of key devices, posts and key parts, accident cases, laws, regulations and standards, and anti-accident plan education. Cultivate employees with good ethics, motivate employees with advanced mechanisms, motivate employees with bright prospects, reward employees with safety production rewards, and let employees consciously abide by discipline and work actively. Induce them in the code of conduct and restrain them under a sound system. Managers are required to learn laws and regulations from each employee, formulate technical standards, norms and management systems, post operation procedures, process technical procedures and safety technical supervision procedures, sign safety production contracts and safety commitment letters, and often organize anti-accident drills and emergency drills. Control work behavior. Strengthen inspection and assessment, adhere to regular safety inspections, daily inspections, ten-day inspections, monthly inspections, quarterly inspections and professional safety inspections, pay attention to employees' emotional reactions at work, and promptly correct employees' unsafe behaviors and illegal habits. 2. Mandatory principle
Mandatory principle is to control people's wishes and behaviors through mandatory management means, so that personal activities and behaviors are bound by safety management requirements, thus achieving effective safety management.
There are two principles related to the mandatory principle.
(1) Safety first principle. Safety first means putting safety work at the top of all work when carrying out production and other activities. This is the basic principle of safety management and the main content of China's safety production policy.
(2) the principle of supervision. In order to urge production management departments at all levels to strictly implement safety laws, regulations, standards and rules and regulations, protect the safety and health of workers, and realize safe production, special departments and personnel must be authorized to exercise their duties of supervision, inspection and punishment, so as to expose problems in safety work, urge the solution of problems, and investigate violations and dereliction of duty. This is the supervision principle of safety management.
Practical application of mandatory principle: safety management is a major event related to the overall situation of enterprises. Every enterprise has formulated many rules and regulations and penalties, which have played a great role in safety work. However, safety management cannot be rigid without flexibility, or flexible without rigidity, and must have both. It is necessary to firmly establish the idea of "safety first, prevention first", clarify the importance of education in team work, carry out regular safety education, and improve employees' safety awareness; The implementation system should be "hard". The system is the guarantee of implementing the rules. We should implement the system meticulously and not be ambiguous. Employees who violate rules and regulations should be strictly managed and severely punished; The assessment system should be "strict". Safety learning should be planned, inspected, assessed and persevered. Resolutely implement the prescribed system, operating procedures and standardized actions. In operation, there are only prescribed actions and no optional actions. All work must be completed in a timely, accurate and standardized manner in accordance with the regulations; The working methods should be "new". It is necessary to adopt various forms of safety education to mobilize all kinds of public opinion, with various forms and methods, rather than a routine; Work should be "meticulous". Safety work involves all aspects of the enterprise's production process. If there is a problem in that link, it will not work. Therefore, it is necessary to implement safety production throughout the production process and do detailed work. Safety work is a systematic project, which should be controlled in the whole process, from designers, managers and operators to responsibility control, control the source and strengthen management, so as to enclose a three-layer safety protection network for our enterprise. The safety foundation of "safety first, prevention first" is deeply rooted in our enterprise, which makes the triple protection network continuously encrypted, strengthened and reinforced on a solid foundation and builds a solid safety fortress for our enterprise.
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